广西中南部尾巨桉人工林立地类型划分及立地质量评价

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210502

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: Site classification and quality evaluation of Eucalyptus urophylla×E. grandis plantation in hilly and mountainous region in south-central Guangxi was studied to provide scientific basis for the sustainable management of the plantation for raw material production for pulp-making. Method: Using the typical sampling method, 94 sample plots of the plantations aged between 1 and 15 years were set up. The quantification theory Ⅰ was used to analyze the relationship between tree growth and site factors, and hierarchical clustering analysis, descent correspondence analysis and redundancy analysis were applied to classify the sites and evaluate the site quality. Result: The main factors affecting the site quality in south central Guangxi were slope, soil type, soil layer thickness, soil density, slope position and humus thickness in order. Based on the combination of slope, soil type and soil layer thickness, the site was classified into eleven types, and further divided into Ⅰ-Ⅲ site classes according to the height of dominant tree at the baseline age of 6 years. The age at which the stand volume of the three site classes reach quantitative maturity was 9, 8 and 7 years, respectively. Site class I was a high quality site with low slope, latosolic red soil or laterite and thick soil layer. The mean height, mean diameter at breast height (DBH) and mean annual volume at the baseline age of 6 years were 22.6 m, 14.3 cm and 32.09 m³·hm^-2a^-1, respectively. Site class Ⅱ was a site with gentle slope, laterite or red soil and medium soil thickness. The mean height, mean DBH and mean annual volume at the baseline age of 6 years were 19.1 m, 12.7 cm and 21.39 m³·hm^-2a^-1, respectively. Site class Ⅲ was low quality site with incline slope or steep slope, red soil or yellow soil and thin soil layer. The mean height, mean DBH, and mean annual volume at the baseline age of 6 years were 16.7 m, 10.4 cm and 12.54 m³·hm^-2a^-1, respectively. The height and DBH displayed significant positive correlations with soil total N, total K, hydrolytic N, available P, available K, available B, and content of organic matter, but significant negative correlations with pH value and soil density. Conclusion: Attention should be paid to the classification of site types for E. urophylla×E. grandis plantations in hilly and mountainous region in south central Guangxi with the principles of matching species with the sites and scientific forest management. According to different site classes, fertilization based on soil testing and appropriate addition of N, P, K, and B can significantly improve the production potential of forest land.

Key words: Eucalyptus urophylla×E. grandis, site classification, site evaluation, quantity theory Ⅰ, redundancy analysis

CLC Number:

S758.8

Haifei Lu,Wangshu Liu,Jianmin Xu,Guangyou Li,Chunjie Fan,Guojian Liang,Lei Zhang. Site Classification and Quality Evaluation of Eucalyptus urophylla×E. grandis Plantation in the South Central Guangxi, China[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(5): 13-24.

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土壤类型 Soil type	pH	有机质 Soil organic matter/ (g·kg^-¹)	全氮 Total nitrogen/ (g·kg^-1)	全磷 Total phosphorus/ (g·kg^-1)	全钾 Total potassium/ (g·kg^-1)	水解性氮 Hydrolyzable nitrogen/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷 Available phosphorus/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效钾 Available potassium/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效锌 Available zinc/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效硼 Available boron/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效铜 Available copper/ (mg·kg^-1)
赤红壤 Latosolic red soil	4.57±0.16	38.28±3.22	1.61±0.20	0.62±0.04	7.52±0.72	114.9±7.14	3.41±0.37	73.5±4.47	2.21±0.25	0.39±0.14	0.74±0.13
砖红壤 Laterite	4.27±0.06	33.21±2.65	1.31±0.14	0.40±0.05	6.12±0.54	108.60±5.98	2.76±0.34	50.37±4.12	2.05±0.19	0.37±0.08	0.71±0.16
红壤 Red soil	4.16±0.08	30.33±2.24	1.17±0.12	0.34±0.03	5.62±0.46	94.43±5.64	1.92±0.27	46.75±4.55	1.65±0.16	0.20±0.06	0.87±0.18
黄壤 Yellow soil	3.89±0.07	16.47±1.76	0.78±0.11	0.28±0.04	2.47±0.19	55.26±4.76	1.79±0.23	25.33±2.89	0.64±0.11	0.11±0.03	1.19±0.14

项目 Item	林龄Age/a
项目 Item	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15
平均树高 Mean tree height/m	5.4f	11.4e	13.7d	18.2c	19.8b	21.4a	22.3a	23.1a	23.8a	24.6a	25.2a	25.9a	26.6a	27.1a	27.7a
树高标准差 SD of tree height/m	1.25	1.94	2.09	2.17	2.28	2.31	2.42	2.52	2.59	2.63	2.68	2.78	2.86	2.92	3.01
树高变异系数 CV of tree height (%)	23.15	17.02	15.29	11.92	11.52	10.80	10.85	10.91	10.88	10.69	10.63	10.73	10.75	10.77	10.87

项目 Item	平方和 Sum of square	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	F	P
地貌Landforms	1.26	2	0.63	2.33	0.034
海拔Altitude	0.82	3	0.27	1.14	0.027
坡度Slope	42.44	3	14.15	7.43	0.011
坡位Slope position	5.25	2	2.63	1.38	0.031
土层厚度Soil thickness	18.19	2	9.10	4.77	0.017
坡向Slope aspect	1.77	3	0.59	2.31	0.042
土壤类型Soil type	26.52	3	8.84	4.64	0.015
土壤密度Soil density	8.75	3	2.92	1.53	0.038
腐殖质层厚度Humus thickness	3.86	2	1.93	1.01	0.043
残差Residual	76.32	58	1.32
模型Model	712.62	23	30.98	16.26	0.029
校正计Correction	788.94	81
截距Intercept	2 165.03	1
校正计和截距合计Summary of correction and intercept	2 953.97	82

项目 Item	类目 Category	代码 Code	得分 Score	综合得分及所占比例 Comprehensive score and proportion	偏相关系数 Coefficient of partial correlation
常量项Constant			13.925
地貌 Landforms X₁	台地Tableland	X₁1	0.546	0.715 (6.95%)	0.175^*
	丘陵Hills	X₁₂	0.974
	低山Low mountain	X₁3	0.259
海拔 Altitude X₂/m	< 100	X₂1	0.463	0.588 (5.71%)	0.253^*
	100 ~ 300	X₂₂	0.752
	300 ~ 500	X₂3	0.361
	500 ~ 700	X₂4	0.164
坡度 Slope X₃	平缓坡Conservative slope	X₃1	2.124	2.107 (20.48%)	0.179^**
	缓坡Gentle slope	X₃2	1.073
	斜坡Incline slope	X₃3	0.198
	陡坡Steep slope	X₃4	0.017
坡位 Slope position X₄	上坡Upper slope	X₄₁	0	0.864 (8.39%)	0.255^*
	中坡Middle slope	X₄₂	0.735
	下坡Lower slope	X₄₃	0.864
土层厚度 Soil depth X₅	薄Thin(< 40 cm)	X₅₁	1.091	1.793 (17.42%)	0.367^**
	中Medium (40~80 cm)	X₅₂	2.235
	厚Thick(> 80 cm)	X₅₃	2.884
坡向 Slope aspect X₆	阳坡Sunny slope	X₆1	-1.575	0.743 (7.22%)	0.177^*
	半阳坡Half-sunny slope	X₆2	-1.136
	半阴坡Half-shady slope	X₆3	-0.861
	阴坡Shady slope	X₆4	-0.832
土壤类型 Soil type X₇	赤红壤Latosolic red soil	X₇1	1.497	1.833 (17.81%)	0.472^**
	砖红壤Laterite	X₇2	0.675
	红壤Red soil	X₇3	0.214
	黄壤Yellow soil	X₇4	-0.336
土壤密度 Soil density X₈	> 1.4 g·cm^-3	X₈1	-0.448	0.895 (8.69%)	0.181^*
	1.2 ~ 1.4 g·cm^-3	X₈2	0.364
	1.0 ~ 1.2 g·cm^-3	X₈3	0.137
	< 1.0 g·cm^-3	X₈4	-0.531
腐殖质层厚度 Humus thickness X₉	薄Thin(< 2.0 cm)	X₉₁	0	0.752 (7.31%)	0.269^*
	中Medium(2.0 ~ 4.0 cm)	X₉2	0.614
	厚Thick(> 4.0 cm)	X₉3	0.752

序号 No.	坡度 Slope	土壤类型 Soil type	土层厚度 Thickness of soil/cm	优势木平均树高 Mean height of dominant trees/m
1	平缓坡Conservative slope	赤红壤Latosolic red soil	>80	23.8
2	平缓坡Conservative slope	砖红壤Laterite	>80	22.4
3	平缓坡Conservative slope	红壤Red soil	40 ~ 80	19.5
4	缓坡Gentle slope	红壤Red soil	40 ~ 80	18.5
5	缓坡Gentle slope	赤红壤Latosolic red soil	>80	21.5
6	缓坡Gentle slope	砖红壤Laterite	40 ~ 80	19.2
7	缓坡Gentle slope	砖红壤Laterite	>80	21.1
8	斜坡Incline slope	黄壤Yellow soil	< 40	16.8
9	斜坡Incline slope	红壤Red soil	< 40	17.2
10	陡坡Steep slope	黄壤Yellow soil	< 40	16.3
11	陡坡Steep slope	红壤Red soil	< 40	16.6

Site Classification and Quality Evaluation of Eucalyptus urophylla×E. grandis Plantation in the South Central Guangxi, China

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地位级 Site class	立地类型 Site type	优势木高实测值 Measured value of dominant tree height/m
Ⅰ地位级 Class I site	1:平缓坡、赤红壤、厚土层Conservative slope, latosolic red soil, thick soil layer	23.8
	2:平缓坡、砖红壤、厚土层Conservative slope, laterite, thick soil layer	22.4
	5:缓坡、赤红壤、厚土层Gentle slope, latosolic red soil, thick soil layer	21.5
	7:缓坡、砖红壤、厚土层Gentle slope, laterite, thick soil layer	21.1
Ⅱ地位级 Class Ⅱ site	3:平缓坡、红壤、中厚土层Conservative slope, red soil, middle and thick soil layer	19.5
	6:缓坡、砖红壤、中厚土层Gentle slope, laterite, middle and thick soil layer	19.2
	4:缓坡、红壤、中厚土层Gentle slope, red soil, middle and thick soil layer	18.5
Ⅲ地位级 Class Ⅲ site	9:斜坡、红壤、薄土层Incline slope, red soil, thin soil layer	17.2
	8:斜坡、黄壤、薄土层Incline slope, yellow soil, thin soil layer	16.8
	11:陡坡、红壤、薄土层Steep slope, red soil, thin soil layer	16.6
	10 : 陡坡、黄壤、薄土层Steep slope, yellow soil, thin soil layer	16.3

参数 Statistic	轴1 Axis 1	轴2 Axis 2	轴3 Axis 3	轴4 Axis 4
特征值Eigenvalues	0.635	0.326	0.021	0.018
解释的变化(累计)Explained variation (cumulative)	63.5%	96.1%	98.2%	100.0%
近似典型相关Pseudo-canonical correlation	0.864	0.779	0.000	0.000
解释的拟合变化(累积)Explained fitted variation (cumulative)	87.2	100.0
轴1显著性检验(F检验)Permutation test on first axis (F test)	F=21.47	P=0.011
所有轴显著性检验(F检验) Permutation test on all axis (F test)	F=7.82	P=0.013

地位级 Site class	全氮含量 Total nitrogen content/ (g·kg^-1)	全钾含量 Total potassium content/ (g·kg^-1)	水解性氮含量 Hydrolyzable nitrogen content/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷含量 Available phosphorus content/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效钾含量 Available potassium content/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效硼含量 Available boron content/ (mg·kg^-1)	有机质含量 Soil organic matter content/ (g·kg^-1)	pH	土壤密度 Soil density/ (g·cm^-3)
Ⅰ地位级 Class I site	1.37±0.13 a	9.11±0.79 a	102.53±7.56 a	3.42±0.38 a	62.72±5.74 a	0.74±0.03 a	34.82±3.79 a	4.25±0.02 a	1.11±0.03 c
Ⅱ地位级 Class Ⅱ site	1.24±0.11 b	6.25±0.84 b	91.21±6.83 a	2.14±0.35 b	42.57±4.68 b	0.38±0.02 b	30.71±3.65 a	4.19±0.02 b	1.25±0.04 b
Ⅲ地位级 Class Ⅲ site	0.89±0.09 c	3.56±0.45 c	68.7±6.52 b	1.78±0.27 c	29.75±4.41 b	0.27±0.02 c	23.21±3.08 b	4.16±0.01 b	1.32±0.02 a

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