Abstract: Ecological protection of mountainous areas and rural poverty alleviation are important policies in developing countries,study on rural geography and ecological protection should be paid more attention to the effect of ecological protection of mountainous areas on livelihoods of local community residents. Based on the review of the related literature at home and abroad,the impacts of ecological protection on livelihood capital of community residents, livelihood strategem of community residents and livelihood result of community residents are systematically summarized,and how the ecological protection affects livelihood of community residents is also revealed. Finally,the co-author propose a research field,according to the current situation of the research and practice,the influential processes and mechanisms of the impacts of ecological compensation on community residents sustainable livelihoods are the key issues in the future which need to be paied more attention to,we also should further explore the sustainable livelihoods of community residents of cological protection area,strengthen the application of new techniques and method in the research about the sustainable livelihoods of community residents.

Key words: ecological protection of mountainous areas, community residents livelihoods, impact