基于卫星跟踪的云南无量山灰头麦鸡迁徙路线

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240773

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 阐明云南无量山地区灰头麦鸡的迁徙路线，为该种群及其栖息地的科学保护提供关键科学依据。方法: 分析1999—2024年云南无量山灰头麦鸡环志数量的变化趋势。分别于2018和2023年，对在云南无量山捕获的6只灰头麦鸡迁徙路线进行卫星跟踪，采用核密度分析法计算灰头麦鸡在越冬地的活动区。结果: 环志监测数据表明，26年来云南无量山环志的灰头麦鸡数量总体呈下降趋势。灰头麦鸡在我国云南无量山及南亚的孟加拉国吉大港区布拉曼巴里亚县梅克纳河、库尔纳区朱阿丹加县吉班纳加尔以及印度奥里萨邦普里县博尔加维河越冬。最早于2月底离开越冬地，3月中旬到达度夏地；最晚于4月初离开越冬地，4月下旬到达度夏地，迁徙持续时间为11~21天。迁徙期间倾向于夜间飞行，迁徙高峰集中在21:00—03:00。越冬期间无游荡行为的灰头麦鸡活动区面积平均为（16.848 ± 11.051）km²，核心区面积平均为（2.740 ± 1.900）km²；有游荡行为的灰头麦鸡活动区面积为2 269.366 km²，核心区面积为509.122 km²。结论: 本研究补充了在我国云南省及南亚越冬的灰头麦鸡的详细迁徙路线，尤其是确定了灰头麦鸡在我国的重要度夏地和停歇地。其度夏地范围除最远的内蒙古自治区外，其余均主要集中在湖北省和安徽省，河南省与湖北省和安徽省的交界处也有分布；停歇地多集中在湖北省和安徽省，特别是湖北省的黄坡水库，灰头麦鸡在此停歇时间最长达12天。目前，灰头麦鸡种群数量总体呈下降趋势，建议持续关注灰头麦鸡的种群变化。

关键词: 灰头麦鸡, 卫星跟踪, 活动区, 迁徙路线, 鸟类环志

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to investigate the migration routes of Vanellus cinereus (gray-headed lapwing) in the Wuliang Mountain region of Yunnan Province, providing a scientific basis for the conservation of its population and habitats. Method: Population dynamics of gray-headed lapwings in Wuliang Mountain of Yunnan Province were analyzed using bird banding from 1999 to 2024. Six gray-headed lapwings were captured and tracked with satellite transmitters in 2018 and 2023. Kernel density analysis was used to calculate the home range area of each gray-headed lapwing within the wintering ground. Result: According to bird banding monitoring data, the population of gray-headed lapwings in Wuliang Mountain has generally been declining over the past 26 years. Gray-headed lapwings overwinter on Wuliang Mountain in China, the Meghna River and Jibannagar in Bangladesh, and the Belagavi River in India. The birds departed their wintering sites as early as late February and arrived at their summering sites by mid-March. The birds departed their wintering sites no later than early April and reached their summering sites by late April. The migration period lasted between 11 and 21 days. The birds tended to fly at night, and their migration peak was concentrated between 21:00 and 03:00 during spring migration. The home range area of non-migratory gray-headed lapwings was (16.848 ± 11.051) km², with the core range being (2.740 ± 1.90) km². The home range area of migratory gray-headed lapwings was 2 269.366 km², with a core area of 509.122 km². Conclusion: This study has provided detailed information on migration routes of gray-headed lapwing in winter in Yunnan Province, China and south Asia, particularly identifying key summering and stopover sites within China. Their summering sites, excluding the most distant sites in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, are primarily concentrated in Hubei and Anhui Provinces, with additional sites at the junction of Henan, Hubei, and Anhui Provinces. Stopover sites are predominantly located in Hubei and Anhui Provinces, notably at Huangpo Reservoir in Hubei Province, where gray-headed lapwings have been recorded resting for up to 12 days. Given the current overall decline in gray-headed lapwing populations, it is recommended to continue monitoring of population dynamics.

Key words: Vanellus cinereus, satellite tracking, home range, migration route, bird banding

中图分类号:

S764
Q958

罗增阳,贾茹,张勇,黄松林,段建伟,肖剑平,张国钢. 基于卫星跟踪的云南无量山灰头麦鸡迁徙路线[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(12): 115-123.

Zengyang Luo,Ru Jia,Yong Zhang,Songlin Huang,Jianwei Duan,Jianping Xiao,Guogang Zhang. Migration Routes of Vanellus cinereus in Wuliang Mountain of Yunnan Province by Satellite Tracking[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(12): 115-123.

图/表 7

图1

图2

表1

卫星跟踪的灰头麦鸡春季迁徙信息"

ID	到达越冬地时间 Arriving date at wintering sites	越冬地（坐标） Wintering sites （coordinates）	栖息地类型 Habitat types	离开越冬地日期 Departure date from wintering sites	到达度夏地日期 Arriving date at summering sites	度夏地（坐标） Summering sites （coordinates）	栖息地类型 Habitat types	迁徙时长 Migration duration/h	迁徙距离 Migration distance/ km	迁徙速度 Migration speed/ （km·h^–1）	飞行速度 Travel speed/（km·h^–1）	停歇总时长 Total stopover duration/h	停歇次数 Number of stops
6133	2018–12–25	孟加拉国吉大港区布拉曼巴里亚县梅克纳河 Meghna River, Brahmanbaria, Chattogram District, Bangladesh （91.045°E, 23.987°N）	水域、沼泽、农田 Waters, marsh, farmland	2019–03–11	2019–04–15	安徽省南阳水库 Nanyang Reservoir, Anhui Province （119.499°E, 31.049°N）	农田 Farmland	254.250	3 119.512	12.269	14.291	35.961	2
016	2018–12–25	印度奥里萨邦普里县博尔加维河 Balgavi River, Puri District, Odisha of India （85.901°E, 20.040°N）	农田 Farmland	2019–02–27	2019–03–14	湖北省广水市桐柏山 Tongbai Mountain, Guangshui City, Hubei Province （113.831°E, 31.783°N）	农田 Farmland	390.239	3 416.497	8.755	10.128	52.901	2
013	2023–12–10	孟加拉国吉大港区布拉曼巴里亚县梅克纳河 Meghna River, Brahmanbaria, Chattogram District, Bangladesh （91.200°E, 24.196°N）	水域、农田 Waters, farmland	2024–04–01	2024–04–19	河南省固始县淮河 Huai River, Gushi County, Henan Province （115.702°E, 32.458°N）	水域、农田、建筑区 Waters, farmland, building area	443.991	3 684.015	8.297	26.132	303.015	14
011*	—	云南无量山自然保护区 Wuliang Mountain Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province of China （100.300°E, 24.873°N）	林地、农田、草地 Forest, farmland, grassland	2024–03–30	2024–04–21	湖北省钟祥市康乐水库 Kangle Reservoir, Zhongxiang City, Hubei Province （112.342°E, 31.428°N）	水域、农田、建筑区 Waters, farmland, building area	509.998	1 720.674	3.374	23.913	438.042	8
004	2023–11–09	孟加拉国库尔纳区朱阿丹加县吉班纳加尔 Jibanagar, Chuadanga District, Khulna Division, Bangladesh （88.846°E, 23.490°N）	农田 Farmland	2024–03–22	2024–04–06	内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁旗天旺村 Tianwang Village, Ar Horqin Banner, Inner Mongolia （120.139°E, 43.731°N）	农田、草地 Farmland. grassland	328.296	4 339.746	13.219	17.115	74.735	3

表1

卫星跟踪灰头麦鸡的中途停歇地"

	编号 No.	坐标 Coordinate	地点 Sites	停歇时段 Stopover period	停歇时长 Stopover duration/h
ID 004	1	107.744E，26.990N	贵州省黔东南苗族侗族自治州舞阳湖风景区 Wuyang Lake Scenic Area， Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture， Guizhou Province， China	2024/3/25 13:59— 2024/3/26 00:00	10.027^S
	2	111.277E，27.666N	湖南省娄底市新化县马田村 Ma Tian Village， Xin Hua County， Lou Di City， Hunan Province， China	2024/3/28 12:01— 2024/3/28 18:01	5.991^S
	3	112.224E，29.974N	湖北省荆州市公安县崇湖国家湿地公园 Chonghu National Wetland Park， Public Security County， Jingzhou City， Hubei Province， China	2024/3/29 06:00— 2024/3/31 16:43	58.716^L
ID 011	1	103.249E，26.416N	云南省曲靖市会泽县金沙江 Jinsha River， Qujing City Huize County， Yunnan Province， China	2024/3/31 03:00— 2024/3/31 18:00	15.005^S
	2	107.982E，29.850N	重庆市丰都县毛天坝村龙河 Longhe River， Mao Tianba Village， Fengdu County， Chongqing City， China	2024/4/01 06:00— 2024/4/01 18:00	12.006^S
	3	109.127E，31.409N	重庆市巫溪县石院村 Shiyan Village， Wuxi County， Chongqing City， China	2024/4/02 06:00— 2024/4/04 18:00	60.003^L
	4	111.821E，31.770N	湖北省襄阳市南漳县三道河水库 Sandaohe Reservoir， Nanzhao County， Xiangyang City， Hubei Province， China	2024/4/05 06:00— 2024/4/05 18:00	12.011^S
	5	112.074E，31.031N	湖北省荆门市漳河风景名胜区 Zhanghe Scenic Area， Jingmen City， Hubei Province， China	2024/4/06 03:00— 2024/4/06 21:00	18.004^S
	6	112.669E，31.475N	湖北省钟祥市黄坡水库 Huangpo Reservoir， Zhongxiang City， Hubei Province， China	2024/4/07 00:00— 2024/418 21:00	285.006^L
	7	112.276E，31.031N	湖北省荆门市李家冲村 Lijiachong Village， Jingmen City， Hubei Province， China	2024/4/19 00:00— 2024/4/20 00:00	23.999^S
	8	112.232E，31.227N	湖北省荆门市来龙村 Lailong Village， Jingmen City， Hubei Province， China	2024/4/20 06:00— 2024/4/20 18:00	12.009^S
ID 013	1	102.220E，22.806N	云南省红河哈尼族彝族自治州云南黄连山国家自然保护区 Huanglianshan National Nature Reserve， Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture， Yunnan Province， China	2024/4/01 09:00— 2024/4/01 18:00	8.996^S
	2	110.265E，28.255N	湖南省怀化市沅陵县陡滩坪村 Doutan Jiaping Village， Yuanling County， Huaihua City， Hunan Province， China	2024/4/02 06:00— 2024/4/02 18:00	11.996^S
	3	112.690E，29.084N	湖南省沅江市湖南沅江南洞庭湖自然保护区 Nandongting Lake Nature Reserve， Yuanjiang City， Hunan Province， China	2024/4/03 00:00— 2024/4/06 18:00	90.008^L
	4	114.834E，30.393N	湖北省鄂城区周家海 Zhoujiahai River， Echeng District， Hubei Province，China	2024/4/07 06:00— 2024/4/07 18:00	12.002^S
	5	115.830E，31.836N	河南省信阳市西九华山风景区 Xi Jiuhua Mountain Scenic Area， Xinyang City， Henan Province， China	2024/4/08 06:00— 2024/4/08 18:00	11.996^S
	6	116.090E，32.136N	安徽省霍邱县齐塘村 Qitang Village， Huoqiu County，Anhui Province， China	2024/4/09 00:00— 2024/4/09 18:00	17.996^S
	7	116.187E，32.383N	安徽省霍邱县城西湖 Chengxi Lake， Huoqiu County， Anhui Province， China	2024/4/10 00:00— 2024/4/10 09:00	9.011^S
	8	116.156 E，32.723 N	安徽省阜阳市颍上县木河 Mu River， Yingshang County， Anhui Province， China	2024/4/10 15:00— 2024/4/11 06:00	15.004^S
	9	116.084E，32.312N	安徽省霍邱县刘家圩子村 Liujiaxu Village， Lu'an City， Anhui Province， China	2024/4/11 15:00— 2024/4/14 15:00	71.996^L
	10	114.777E，32.355N	河南省息县龙湖公园 Longhu Park， Xixian County， Henan Province， China	2024/4/15 00:00— 2024/4/15 06:00	6.000^S
	11	114.441E，32.546N	河南省正阳县闾河水库 Luhe Reservoir， Zhengyang County， Henan Province， China	2024/4/16 00:00— 2024/4/16 06:00	6.004^S
	12	114.643E，32.177N	河南省罗山县竹竿河 Zhugan River， Luoshan County， Henan Province， China	2024/4/16 12:00— 2024/4/17 18:00	29.999^S
	13	115.104E，32.164N	河南省潢川县小邬寨村小潢河中华鳖国家级水产种质资源保护区 Xiaohuan River Chinese Softshell Turtle National Aquatic Germplasm Resource Protection Area， Xiaowuzhai Village，Gaozhuang Village，Huangchuan County， Henan Province， China	2024/4/18 00:00— 2024/4/18 03:00	3.000^S
	14	115.298E，32.261N	河南省潢川县高庄村小潢河中华鳖国家级水产种质资源保护区 Xiaohuan River Chinese Softshell Turtle National Aquatic Germplasm Resource Protection Area， Gaozhuang Village， Huangchuan County， Henan Province， China	2024/4/18 12:00— 2024/4/18 21:00	9.002^S
ID 016	1	88.480E，22.867N	印度西孟加拉邦北二十四帕尔冈纳斯区胡格利河 Hooghly River， north 24 Parganas， West Bengal， India	2019/2/27 14:46— 2019/3/03 20:06	101.344^L
ID 016	2	114.314E，38.214N	湖北省松滋市黄家大屋村 Huangjia Dayu Village， Songzi City， Hubei Province China	2019/3/10 09:25— 2019/3/10 23:36	14.190^S
ID 6133	1	98.223E，24.330N	云南省芒市别弄村 Bielong Village， Mangshi City， Yunnan Province， China	2019/3/11 10:14— 2019/3/11 20:15	10.017^S
ID 6133	2	112.368E，28.749N	湖南省沅江市皇家湖生态旅游度假区 Royal Lake Ecological Tourism Resort Area， Yuanjiang City， Hunan Province， China	2019/3/18 16:49— 2019/3/19 18:46	25.945^S

表1

图3

表2

图4

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时期 Period	ID	活动区面积 Home range area/km²	核心区面积 Core range area/km²
越冬期 Wintering period	004	21.353	4.258
	011	1.311	0.155
	013	27.046	2.473
	016	17.681	4.072
游荡期 Wandering period	6133	2 269.366	509.122

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