“花眼”月季品种染色体倍性及其表型多样性分析

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240650

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 对“花眼”月季的倍性、观赏性状及花瓣挥发性成分展开研究，进一步挖掘与利用“花眼”月季品种的育种价值，为“花眼”月季育种的亲本选择和杂交后代选育提供理论参考。方法: 以13个“花眼”月季品种为材料，采用流式细胞法对其倍性进行鉴定；根据现代月季观赏特点与蔷薇属植物新品种特异性、一致性、稳定性测试指南筛选25个表型性状，并进行表型多样性、相关性等分析；利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其花瓣花香成分进行鉴定。结果: 1） ‘粉彩巴比伦眼睛’‘阳光巴比伦眼睛’‘公牛的眼睛’‘万众瞩目’‘皇后巴比伦眼睛’‘妆容柠檬水’‘紫晶巴比伦’‘日落巴比伦眼睛’‘腓尼基公主’等9个品种为四倍体，‘珊瑚巴比伦眼睛’‘别致巴比伦眼睛’‘西子霞舞’‘艾丽莎公主’等4个品种推测为四倍体。2）测试品种表型多样性丰富，质量性状多样性指数为0.54~1.67，变异系数为20.34%~190.00%；数量性状多样性指数为1.41~1.95，变异系数为8.09%~60.73%。3）花朵直径、花瓣长度等17对性状呈极显著相关（P<0.01），花斑面积、花斑面积与花瓣面积之比等14对性状呈显著相关（P<0.05）。4）通过欧式聚类分析，按照花部性状、叶部性状和植株高度，将13个“花眼”月季品种划分为3大类群。5）主成分分析中前3个主成分累计贡献率达60.7%，特征因子主要为叶片大小、叶形、花色、花瓣大小、花径、花斑面积、雄蕊数量、开展度和植株高度。6） 13个月季品种花瓣中共鉴定出72种挥发性物质成分，种类丰富，但总体含量较低，其中萜烯类是挥发物中种类最多的物质，醇醛类是挥发物中含量最高的物质；根据花香成分，13个“花眼”月季品种也划分为3大类群。结论: “花眼”月季四倍体占比高，表型及花香成分多样性丰富，为定向育种提供了重要遗传资源。

关键词: "花眼"月季, 染色体倍性, 观赏性状, 挥发性成分

Abstract:

Objective: In this study, a research was conducted on the ploidy, ornamental characters, and petal volatile components of floral blotches rose cultivars, for exploring and utilizing the breeding value of these cultivars, so as to provide a theoretical reference for the selection of parental plants and their hybrid offspring. Method: In this study, 13 modern rose cultivars with floral eyes were used as materials to identify their ploidy by flow cytometry. According to the ornamental characteristics of modern rose and the test guide of specificity, consistency and stability of new varieties of Rosa, 25 phenotypic traits were screened, and analyses were carried out on phenotypic diversity and correlation. The floral components of its petals were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. Result: 1) Nine varieties, including ‘Pastel Babylon Eyes’, ‘Sunshine Babylon Eyes’, ‘Bull’s Eye’, ‘Eyes for You’, ‘Queen Babylon Eyes’, ‘Eyeconic Lemonade’, ‘Amethyst Babylon’, ‘Sunset Babylon Eyes’, and ‘Princess of Phoenicia’, are tetraploid, and 4 varieties, including ‘Coral Babylon Eyes’, ‘Fancy Babylon Eyes’, ‘Xizi Xiawu’, and ‘Alissar, Princess of Phoenicia’, are presumed to be tetraploid. 2) The tested varieties had rich phenotypic diversity, with a diversity index of quality traits ranging from 0.54 to 1.67, and a coefficient of variation ranging from 20.34% to 190.00%. The diversity index of quantitative traits ranged from 1.41 to 1.95, with a coefficient of variation of 8.09%–60.73%. 3) There were extremely significant correlations (P<0.01) between 17 pairs of traits, such as flower diameter and petal length, and there were significant correlations (P<0.05) between 14 pairs of traits, such as floral blotch area and the ratio of floral blotch area to petal area. 4) Through European cluster analysis, the 13 rose germplasm resources could be divided into 3 groups according to flower traits, leaf traits and plant height. 5) In the principal component analysis, the cumulative contribution rate of the first 3 principal components reached 60.7%, and the characteristic factors were mainly leaf size, leaf shape, flower color, petal size, flower diameter, floral blotch area, stamen number, crown and plant height. 6) A total of 72 volatile components were identified in petals of 13 rose varieties, which were rich in species but low in overall content. Among them, terpenes were the most diverse types in volatile substances, and aldehydes were the most highest content in volatile substances. According to the floral composition, 13 modern rose cultivars with floral blotches were also divided into three groups. Conclusion: The modern rose cultivars with floral blotches have a high proportion of tetraploid, rich phenotypic and floral composition diversity, providing important genetic resources for directional breeding.

Key words: the modern rose cultivars with floral blotches, chromosome ploidy, ornamental traits, volatile compounds

中图分类号:

S685.12

石广振,赵正楠,冯慧,杨娟,史恭发,阿尔达克·库万太,王磊,孙炜伦,王玲. “花眼”月季品种染色体倍性及其表型多样性分析[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(9): 123-137.

Guangzhen Shi,Zhengnan Zhao,Hui Feng,Juan Yang,Gongfa Shi,Kuwantai Aerdake,Lei Wang,Weilun Sun,Ling Wang. Analysis of Chromosome Ploidy and Phenotypic Diversity of Modern Rose Cultivars with Floral Blotches[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(9): 123-137.

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品种序号 Cultivar code	品种类型 Cultivar type	品种名称 Cultivar name	花斑色系 The floral blotches colour system
1	丰花月季Floribunda rose	‘别致巴比伦眼睛’‘Fancy Babylon Eyes’	红Red
2	丰花月季Floribunda rose	‘珊瑚巴比伦眼睛’‘Coral Babylon Eyes’	红Red
3	丰花月季Floribunda rose	‘粉彩巴比伦眼睛’‘Pastel Babylon Eyes’	红Red
4	丰花月季Floribunda rose	‘日落巴比伦眼睛’‘Sunset Babylon Eyes’	红Red
5	丰花月季Floribunda rose	‘阳光巴比伦眼睛’‘Sunshine Babylon Eyes’	红Red
6	丰花月季Floribunda rose	‘妆容柠檬水’‘Eyeconic Lemonade’	粉Pink
7	杂交茶香月季Hybrid tea rose	‘艾丽莎公主’‘Alissar， Princess of Phoenicia’	粉Pink
8	丰花月季Floribunda rose	‘皇后巴比伦眼睛’‘Queen Babylon Eyes’	粉Pink
9	杂交茶香月季Hybrid tea rose	‘腓尼基公主’‘Princess of Phoenicia’	粉Pink
10	藤本月季Climbing rose	‘紫晶巴比伦’‘Amethyst Babylon’	紫Purple
11	丰花月季Floribunda rose	‘万众瞩目’‘Eyes for You’	紫Purple
12	丰花月季Floribunda rose	‘公牛的眼睛’‘Bull’s Eye’	紫Purple
13	丰花月季Floribunda rose	‘西子霞舞’‘Xizi Xiawu’	橘Orange

质量性状 Quality traits	测定标准 Determination of the standard
GH	直立-1、半直立-2、开张-3、半匍匐-4、匍匐-5 Erect-1、semi-erect-2、open-3、semi-prostrate-4、prostrate-5
FC	红色系-1、黄色系-2、紫色系-3、粉色系-4、橘色系-5、绿色系-6、白色系-7 Red blend-1、yellow blend-2、purple blend-3、pink blend-4、orange blend-5、green blend-6、white blend-7
FBC	红色系-1、黄色系-2、紫色系-3、粉色系-4、橘色系-5、绿色系-6、白色系-7 Red blend-1、yellow blend-2、purple blend-3、pink blend-4、orange blend-5、green blend-6、white blend-7
ATSC	无-0、有-1 None-0、With-1
TM	无-0、平直刺-1、斜直刺-2、弯刺-3、钩刺-4 None-0、flat stab-1、oblique stab-2、curved stab-3、hook stab-4
TBBS	楔形-1、钝形-2、圆形-3、心形-4 Wedge shape-1、blunt shape-2、round shape -3、heart shape-4
TBTS	渐尖-1、锐尖-2、钝尖-3、圆-4 Taper-1、sharp-2、blunt-3、circle-4
LC	浅绿-1、绿-2、浓绿-3 Light green-1、green-2、dark green-3
FF	无-0、淡-1、浓-2 None-0、light fragrance-1、strong fragrance-2

品种 Cultivar	荧光强度均值 Average fluorescence intensity	对照荧光强度均值 Average fluorescence intensity of control group	变异系数 CV（%）	倍性 Ploidy
‘珊瑚巴比伦眼睛’ ‘Coral Babylon Eyes’	94.12	54.78	2.98	4
‘粉彩巴比伦眼睛’ ‘Pastel Babylon Eyes’	91.68	52.43	2.89	4
‘阳光巴比伦眼睛’ ‘Sunshine Babylon Eyes’	92.89	52.94	3.03	4
‘别致巴比伦眼睛’ ‘Fancy Babylon Eyes’	90.97	52.52	3.19	4
‘公牛的眼睛’ ‘Bull’s Eye’	93.38	52.36	2.64	4
‘万众瞩目’ ‘Eyes for You’	99.85	53.30	3.55	4
‘皇后巴比伦眼睛’ ‘Queen Babylon Eyes’	88.97	49.76	2.46	4
‘西子霞舞’ ‘Xizi Xiawu’	89.64	51.79	2.38	4
‘妆容柠檬水’ ‘Eyeconic Lemonade’	94.31	53.36	2.28	4
‘紫晶巴比伦’ ‘Amethyst Babylon’	97.50	53.03	2.63	4
‘日落巴比伦眼睛’ ‘Sunset Babylon Eyes’	80.80	45.42	2.78	4
‘艾丽莎公主’ ‘Alissar， Princess of Phoenicia’	51.73	28.93	4.39	4
‘腓尼基公主’ ‘Princess of Phoenicia’	45.93	28.03	4.34	4

性状 Trait	类型频率 Frequency of type（%）								变异系数 CV（%）	H'
性状 Trait	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	变异系数 CV（%）	H'
GH	—	30.77	38.46	15.38	15.38	—	—	—	49.60	1.31
FC	—	15.38	23.08	7.69	30.77	7.69	—	15.38	56.07	1.67
FBC	—	38.46	—	23.08	30.77	7.69	—	—	55.48	1.27
ATSC	61.54	38.46	—	—	—	—	—	—	131.66	0.67
TM	—	15.38	69.23	15.38	—	—	—	—	20.34	0.83
TBBS	—	15.38	38.46	38.46	7.69	—	—	—	36.47	1.22
TBTS	—	69.23	15.38	7.69	7.69	—	—	—	62.88	0.94
LC	—	15.38	61.54	23.08	—	—	—	—	30.84	0.93
FF	76.92	23.08	—	—	—	—	—	—	190.00	0.54
均值Mean	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	70.37	1.04

性状 Trait	最小值 Min	最大值 Max	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV（%）	H'
FD/mm	47.11	73.81	62.05	8.72	14.05	1.84
PN	5	17	10	4.00	40.00	1.78
PL/mm	22.45	35.25	28.82	4.29	14.88	1.70
PW/mm	19.36	35.85	28.98	5.69	19.63	1.82
TLL/mm	29.80	62.40	43.30	9.66	22.32	1.69
TLW/mm	22.82	49.38	32.04	8.70	27.15	1.56
PA/mm²	347.67	804.33	550.64	145.65	26.45	1.84
FBA/mm²	57.33	203.00	101.97	41.27	40.47	1.63
BPAR	0.10	0.27	0.19	0.05	25.83	1.95
TLA/mm²	470.00	2313.00	1215.95	691.94	56.91	1.48
LLA/mm²	319.33	1595.33	880.44	516.23	58.63	1.41
LTAR	0.64	0.84	0.72	0.06	8.09	1.73
PH/cm	18.50	142.40	73.47	44.62	60.73	1.63
CR/cm	27.80	156.10	75.13	35.46	47.20	1.46
BN	2	8	5	1.94	41.99	1.84
SN	82	124	98	15.12	15.42	1.78
均值Mean	—	—	—	—	32.48	1.70