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林业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (4): 92-103.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240225

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

蒙古国大戈壁保护区A区木贼麻黄、大白刺和小果白刺种群结构与动态特征

秦爱丽1, 李广良1, 玛·乌日古木勒2, 薛亚东1, 尼玛扎布·扎布呼兰2, 李佳3, 巴图赛罕·孟和额尔登2, 孙戈1, 音德尔·图布新陶格陶呼2, 肖文发1, 金崑1   

  1. 1. 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所　国家林业和草原局生物多样性保护重点实验室　国家林业和草原局森林生态环境重点实验室　北京 100091;
    2. 蒙古国科学院植物研究所　乌兰巴托 13330;
    3. 中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所　北京100091
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-23 修回日期:2024-06-28 发布日期:2025-04-21
  • 通讯作者: 肖文发、金崑为通信作者。 E-mail：xiaowenf@caf.ac.cn；jk2002@caf.ac.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    商务部 “蒙古国戈壁熊技术援助项目”（[2017] 商合促技字第62号）。

Population Structure and Dynamic Characteristics of Ephedra equisetina, Nitraria roborowskii and Nitraria sibirica Distributed in Great Gobi A Strictly Protected Area in Mongolia

Qin Aili1, Li Guangliang1, Magsar Urgamal2, Xue Yadong1, Javkhlan Nyamjav2, Li Jia3, Munkh-Erdene Batsaikhan2, Sun Ge1, Tuvshintogtokh Indree2, Xiao Wenfa1, Jin Kun1   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration　Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration　Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry　Beijing 100091;
    2. Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Mongolian Academy of Sciences　Ulaanbaatar 13330;
    3. Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry　Beijing 100091
  • Received:2024-04-23 Revised:2024-06-28 Published:2025-04-21

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摘要： 目的 分析蒙古国大戈壁保护区A区木贼麻黄、大白刺和小果白刺的种群密度、年龄结构、数量动态变化规律，预测种群未来发展趋势，从食源植物角度为戈壁棕熊的保护、管理提供决策参考。方法 在蒙古国大戈壁保护区A区Atas Inges（AI）、Shar Khuls（SK）和Tsagaan Bogd（TB）3个绿洲复合体及周边，根据木贼麻黄、大白刺和小果白刺分布区域的地势、地形等布设样地和样线，调查3种植物的种群结构；应用空间代时间方法和匀滑技术，编制3种植物种群的特定时间生命表，绘制其存活和死亡率曲线；通过种群动态量化分析方法，量化种群结构动态变化；利用时间序列模型，预测种群未来发展趋势。结果 1） 木贼麻黄和大白刺Atas Inges种群密度最高，Shar Khuls种群密度最低；小果白刺Tsagaan Bogd种群密度最高，Atas Inges种群密度最低。2） 在当前演替阶段，木贼麻黄Atas Inges、Shar Khuls和Tsagaan Bogd种群均以中龄个体为主，Atas Inges种群呈增长型，Shar Khuls和Tsagaan Bogd种群呈衰退型；大白刺和小果白刺Atas Inges、Shar Khuls和Tsagaan Bogd种群均以幼龄和中龄个体为主，种群呈增长型，但大白刺Shar Khuls种群和小果白刺Atas Inges种群幼苗显著不足。3） 木贼麻黄和大白刺Atas Inges、Shar Khuls和Tsagaan Bogd种群及小果白刺Atas Inges种群的存活曲线呈Deevey-Ⅱ型，小果白刺Shar Khuls和Tsagaan Bogd种群的存活曲线呈Deevey-Ⅰ型。4） 3种植物所有种群的死亡率均随年龄增加而增长，各龄级死亡率呈波状上升趋势。5） 木贼麻黄Shar Khuls和Tsagaan Bogd种群结构不够稳定，Shar Khuls种群对外界随机干扰的敏感性较强；大白刺和小果白刺各种群结构稳定，但对外界随机干扰的敏感性均较强。结论 本研究区域内，在当前演替阶段，木贼麻黄Shar Khuls和Tsagaan Bogd种群呈衰退型，种群结构不稳定，Shar Khuls种群对外界随机干扰的敏感性较强。大白刺和小果白刺各种群结构稳定，但对外界随机干扰的敏感性均较强。大白刺Shar Khuls种群和小果白刺Atas Inges种群的幼苗数量不足，终将导致种群衰退。

关键词: 大戈壁保护区A区, 木贼麻黄, 大白刺, 小果白刺, 种群结构, 种群动态

Abstract: Objective The aim of this paper was to elucidate the population density, age structure, quantity dynamics of Ephedra equisetina, Nitraria roborowskii and N. sibirica distributed in great Gobi A strictly protected area (GGSPA) in Mongolia, and predict their future development trend, so as to provide decision-making references for the protection and management of Ursus arctos gobiensis from the perspective of edible plants. Method Sample plots and transect lines were set up in the Atas Inges（AI）, Shar Khuls（SK） and Tsagaan Bogd（TB） oases and their surrounding areas of GGSPA based on the terrain and topography of the distribution of E. equisetina, N. roborowskii and N. sibirica, and the population structure of these three species was investigated. The methods of“space replacing time”and smoothing-out were applied to compile a specific time life tables for the three plant populations, and plot their survival and mortality curves. The population dynamics was analyzed through the quantitative analyses of populations, and finally the development trend was predicted by applying a time series model.Result 1) The population density of E. equisetina and N. roborowskii in AI was the highest, while the population density in SK was the lowest. The population density of N. sibirica in TB was the highest, while the population density in AI was the lowest. 2) At the current stage of succession, the populations of E. equisetina in AI, SK and TB were mainly composed of middle-aged individuals. The AI population showed a growing pattern, while the populations in SK and TB showed a declining pattern. All the populations of N. roborowskii and N. sibirica were mainly composed of young and middle-aged individuals, and showed a growing pattern. However, there was a significant shortage of seedlings in the population of N. roborowskii in SK and the population of N. sibirica in AI. 3) The survival curves of all the populations of E. equisetina and N. roborowskii, as well as the population of N. sibirica in AI showed the Deevey-Ⅱ type, while the survival curves of populations of N. sibirica in SK and TB exhibited the Deevey-Ⅰ type. 4) The mortality rates of all the populations of these three species showed a fluctuating upward trend with age. 5) Dynamic indexes and time series analyses showed that the population structures of E. equisetina in SK and TB were not stable enough, and the population in SK was highly sensitive to external random disturbances. The population structures of N. roborowskii and N. sibirica were stable, but all the populations were highly sensitive to external random disturbances. Conclusion At the current stage of succession, the populations of E. equisetina in SK and TB show a declining type and their population structure is unstable. The population in SK is highly sensitive to external random disturbances. The current population structures of N. roborowskii and N. sibirica are stable, but all the populations are highly sensitive to external random disturbances. The insufficient number of seedlings of the N. roborowskii population in SK and the N. sibirica population in AI would ultimately lead to population decline.

Key words: great Gobi A strictly protected area (GGSPA), Ephedra equisetina, Nitraria roborowskii, Nitraria sibirica, population structure, population dynamics

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