油菜素内酯调控植物生长发育的研究进展

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220715

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为一种新型植物激素，油菜素内酯(Brassinolide，BR)以其高效、环保、广谱等优点，在农林业生产上有着广泛应用。BR可以促进植物细胞的伸长与分裂、增强叶片的光合作用能力、调控植物根发育，从而改善植物生长发育状况，提高植物产量。BR对植物的生殖生长具有显著影响，BR处理可以调控植物开花时间、延长花期、提高开花数量等，但也有研究指出BR对开花有抑制作用；BR处理有助于植物结实，提高种实品质。植物受到外界胁迫后，体内抗氧化系统遭到破坏，生长发育受阻。喷施BR可以提高相关抗氧化酶活性，降低丙二醛含量，增强植物的抗逆性。随着研究方法和手段的不断创新，BR信号传导机制、一系列与BR相关基因的功能及其作用机制不断被揭示。BR信号转导受激酶、受体蛋白、转录因子等多种元件调控。细胞膜表面BRI1/BAK1能够识别BR分子，在BSK1、BSU1、BIN2、CDG1等蛋白激酶作用下，BZR1和BES1等转录因子被激活，从而对BR应答基因的表达进行调控。DAS5、DET2、DWF4、CPD和BAK1等与BR生物合成及信号转导相关的基因相继被鉴定、克隆，利用转基因技术转化进不同植株，可以改善转基因植株的生长表现，增强植株抵御逆境的能力。本文综述了近年来有关BR对植物营养生长和生殖生长的调控、增强植物抗逆性以及BR调控的分子机制等领域的研究进展，探讨目前关于BR研究中仍存在的问题，并对今后BR的研究方向进行讨论与展望。

关键词: 油菜素内酯, 营养生长, 生殖生长, 抗逆性, 分子机理

Abstract:

As a new plant hormone, brassinolide (BR) has been widely used in agriculture and forestry due to its advantages of high efficiency, environmental protection and wide spectrum. BR can promote the elongation and division of plant cells, enhance the photosynthetic capacity of leaves, and regulate the development of roots, thereby improving plant growth and development, and increasing the yield. BR significantly affects the reproductive growth of plants, by regulating the flowering time of plants, prolonging the flowering period, and increasing the number of flowers. However, a few studies have pointed out that BR has an inhibitory effect on flowering. BR could promote the fruit setting and improve the seed and fruit quality. After the plants are subjected to external stress, the antioxidant system of plants is damaged, and the growth and development of plants are retarded. Spraying BR could increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes, reduce the content of malondialdehyde, and enhance the stress resistance of plants. With the innovation of research method and facilities, the mechanism of BR signal transduction, and the functions and mechanisms of BR-related genes are revealed. BR signal transduction is regulated by kinases, receptor proteins, transcription factors and other elements. BRI1/BAK1 can recognize BR molecules on the surface of cell membrane. Under the action of protein kinases (BSK1, BSU1, BIN2, CDG1), transcription factors (BZR1, BES1) are activated to regulate the expression of BR responsive genes. Genes related to BR biosynthesis and signal transduction, such as DAS5, DET2, DWF4, CPD and BAK1 have been identified, cloned, and transformed into different species using transgenic technology, which could improve the growth of transgenic plants and enhance the resistance of plants to adversity. This paper reviews the research progress in the fields of BR regulation of plant vegetative and reproductive growth, the enhancement of plant stress tolerance, and molecular mechanism of BR, discusses the existing problems in BR research, and prospectes the future research direction of BR.

Key words: brassinolide, vegetative growth, reproductive growth, stress resistance, molecular mechanism

中图分类号:

S718.43

陈晨,陈虹,倪铭,张子晗,喻方圆. 油菜素内酯调控植物生长发育的研究进展[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(7): 144-155.

Chen Chen,Hong Chen,Ming Ni,Zihan Zhang,Fangyuan Yu. Research Progress of Brassinolide in Regulating Plant Growth and Development[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(7): 144-155.

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