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林业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (7): 23-31.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220703

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国生态保护修复进程下的黑龙江省NPP时空演变及突变模式

程春香1,2,于敏2,毛子军1,*,谢连妮2,张永成3,孙涛2,徐作敏2,吴双2,荔千妮2,徐嘉2   

  1. 1. 东北林业大学 哈尔滨 150040
    2. 黑龙江省生态气象中心 哈尔滨 150030
    3. 双鸭山市气象局 双鸭山 155100
  • 收稿日期:2021-10-15 出版日期:2022-07-25 发布日期:2022-11-03
  • 通讯作者: 毛子军
  • 基金资助:
    风云卫星应用先行计划项目(FY-APP-2021.0303);风云三号03批气象卫星工程地面应用系统项目(FY-3(03)-AS-12);中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2022J041)

Spatial-Temporal Evolution and Patterns of Abrupt Changs of NPP in Heilongjiang Province in the Process of Ecological Protection and Restoration in China

Chunxiang Cheng1,2,Min Yu2,Zijun Mao1,*,Lianni Xie2,Yongcheng Zhang3,Tao Sun2,Zuomin Xu2,Shuang Wu2,Qianni Li2,Jia Xu2   

  1. 1. Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040
    2. Heilongjiang Eco-Meteorological Center Harbin 150030
    3. Shuangyashan Meteorological Bureau Shuangyashan 155100
  • Received:2021-10-15 Online:2022-07-25 Published:2022-11-03
  • Contact: Zijun Mao

摘要:

目的: 研究黑龙江省生态保护修复关键实施期(2000—2020年)植被净初级生产力(NPP)的时空演变和突变模式, 以期为中国未来生态环境管理和政策制定以及"碳达峰、碳中和"目标实现提供科学参考。方法: 基于已验证的TEC模型和中国GlobeLand30地表覆盖数据集(2000、2010和2020年), 采用Sen趋势度估计法、M-K和滑动t-检验法, 分析2000—2020年NPP变化趋势和突变模式。利用空间叠加分析输出土地覆盖类型转移矩阵, 探讨2000—2020年生态保护修复工程对黑龙江省NPP的影响。结果: 1) 2000—2020年黑龙江省NPP年均值极显著增加, 2010年后增长率明显上升, 并在2020年达到新高。2)NPP突变时间分布较广, 呈阶段性变化, 在2010年出现峰值。突变高发期和峰值时间与中国生态保护修复重大工程关键节点高度吻合。ZZ模式(突变前后均为增加趋势)是黑龙江省最明显的NPP突变模式。FZ模式(突变前为减少趋势, 后为增加趋势)森林面积比例最高, 表明生态修复成果显著。2010年之后正向突变(ZZ和FZ模式)面积占突变总面积的百分比趋于平稳, 占比每年均达96.9%以上。3)森林、农田和草地是2000—2020年黑龙江省年平均NPP总量的前三名。农田年NPP总量增加较快, 在全省中占比极显著增大。4)2000—2010和2010—2020年生态保护修复对修复区域NPP增长的直接贡献率分别为56.8%和33.2%。结论: 2000—2020年黑龙江省在拥有强大碳储量的基础上, 仍表现出持续增强的植被固碳能力。未来可加强对农业碳汇潜力和固碳方式的关注。生态保护修复工程已经对植被NPP产生重要影响。在东北森林带生态重大工程建设和全球气候变暖的背景下, 黑龙江省将具有更大的植被固碳能力, 并在全球和区域碳平衡中发挥重要作用。

关键词: 植被净初级生产力, NPP, 生态保护修复, 植被固碳能力, 碳汇, 突变模式

Abstract:

Objective: The paper is intended to study the spatial-temporal evolution and patterns of abrupt changes of vegetation NPP during the key implementation period of ecological conservation and restoration (2000-2020) in Heilongjiang Province, and to provide a scientific basis for ecological environment management, policy formulation, and the realization of "Carbon Peaking and carbon neutrality" in China in the future. Method: Based on the validated TEC model and China GlobeLand30 land cover data set(2000, 2010, 2020), Sen estimation method, M-K and T-test method were used to study the spatial-temporal evolution and patterns of abrupt changes of NPP from 2000 to 2020. Spatial superposition analysis was used to output land cover type transfer matrix to explore the effects of national ecological restoration projects on NPP. Result: 1) The average values of annual NPP significantly increased (P < 0.01). The growth rate of NPP increased significantly after 2010 and reached a new high in 2020. 2) NPP abrupt change was widely distributed in a phased manner and peaked in 2010. The high frequency stage and peak time of NPP abrupt change are highly consistent with the key nodes of China's major ecological protection and restoration projects. In general, ZZ pattern (increasing trend before and after abrupt changes) was the most obvious pattern of NPP abrupt changes in Heilongjiang Province. However, forest of FZ pattern (decreasing trend before abrupt change, increasing trend after abrupt change) showed the highest proportion in area indicating significant achievement of the ecological restoration. After 2010, the proportion of areas with forward abrupt change to total area with abrupt changes (ZZ and FZ patterns) stabilized, accounting for more than 96.9% on a yearly basis. 3) Forest, farmland and grassland are the top three ecosystems in average annual total NPP in Heilongjiang Province from 2000 to 2020. As NPP of the farmland rose rapidly, proportion of farmland NPP to regional total NPP in Heilongjiang Province increased significantly (P < 0.01). 4) From 2000 to 2010 and from 2010 to 2020, ecological protection and restoration projects directly contributed 56.8% and 33.2% to NPP changes in this region, respectively. Conclusion: It can be seen that Heilongjiang province still shows the continuous enhancement of vegetation carbon sequestration capacity on the basis of the original strong carbon storage from 2000 to 2020. In the future, more attention should be paid to carbon sequestration potential and carbon sequestration methods in agriculture. Ecological conservation and restoration projects have had an important impact on NPP. Heilongjiang Province will have a huge vegetation carbon sequestration capacity and play an important role in global and regional carbon balance under the background of major ecological projects in Northeast Forest Belt and global warming.

Key words: net primary productivity of vegetation, NPP, ecological protection and restoration, vegetation carbon sequestration capacity, carbon sink, pattern of abrupt change

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