西藏拉萨河中下游原生动物优势种时空生态位

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220109

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探究拉萨河中下游原生动物优势种的时间、空间及时空生态位, 揭示原生动物优势种的资源利用状况及与水环境因子相互关系, 为进一步研究拉萨河中下游原生动物群落种间关系及环境适应性提供基础依据。方法: 根据拉萨河中下游水环境特征, 设置17个样点, 于2015年5、8月和2016年11月用孔径64 μm的浮游生物网采集水样153份。运用相关性分析、冗余分析和聚类分析等方法, 分析原生动物优势种更替率、生态位宽度、生态位重叠指数、生态响应速率, 研究原生动物优势种的生态位及与水环境因子的关系。结果: 拉萨河中下游共鉴定出原生动物197种, 隶属于2门5纲20目48科75属, 其中优势种5种, 隶属2门5属; 优势种时间生态位宽度值为0.378~0.695, 空间生态位宽度值为0.071~0.354, 时空生态位宽度值为0.027~0.246; 优势种时间、空间及时空生态位重叠均以低度重叠为主; 优势种时间生态响应速率之和为0.449, 空间生态响应速率之和为-6.972, 时空生态响应速率之和为-0.107; 冗余分析表明, 水环境因子中水温显著影响下游优势种分布, 溶解氧含量和总磷含量显著影响中游优势种分布。结论: 拉萨河中下游原生动物优势种存在季节和区域性差异, 生态位宽度较窄, 生态位重叠较低, 种间竞争压力较小; 原生动物优势种对水环境变化响应敏感, 其分布受水环境影响显著, 原生动物群落生态系统较为脆弱。

关键词: 拉萨河, 原生动物, 优势种, 生态位, 生态响应速率, 西藏

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to explore the temporal niche, spatial niche and spatio-temporal niche of dominant species of protozoa in the midstream and downstream of Lhasa River, and reveal the resource utilization status of dominant protozoa species and the relationship with to environmental factors, which provide a basis for further study on the interspecific interaction of protozoa communities and the adaptive mechanisms of protozoan to environmental change. Method: According to the characteristics of water enviroment in the midstream and downstream of Lhasd River, a total of 153 water samples were collected with plankton nets (aperture: 64 μm) at the seventeen sites in the midstream and downstream of Lhasa River in May, August 2015 and November 2016. We analysed replacement rate, niche width, niche overlap, ecological response rate and studied the niche of dominant protozoan species and the relationship with environmental factors through correlation analysis, redundancy analysis, cluster analysis and other method. Result: A total of 197 species of protozoa were identified, belonging to 2 phyla, 5 classes, 20 orders, 48 families and 75 genera, among which there were 5 dominant species of protozoa belonging to 2 phyla and 5 genera. The temporal niche width of dominant species is 0.378-0.695, the spatial niche width is 0.071-0.354, and the spatio-temporal niche width is 0.027-0.246. The dominant species have mainly low overlap in temporal niche, spatial niche and spatio-temporal niche. The sum of temporal ecological response rate of dominant species was 0.449, the sum of spatial ecological response rate was -6.972 and the sum of spatial and temporal ecological response rate was -0.107. The redundancy analysis showed that the water temperature significantly affected the distribution of protozoa dominant species in the lower reaches, and dissolved oxygen and total phosphorus significantly affected the distribution of dominant species in the midstream of Lhasa River. Conclusion: There are seasonal and regional differences of dominant species of protozoa, that temporal, spatial and spatio-temporal niche width and niche overlap is low in midstream and downstream of Lhasa River. The dominant species of protozoa were sensitive to changes in the water environment, and their distribution is significantly effected by the water environment. The protozoan community ecosystem was relatively fragile.

Key words: Lhasa River, protozoa, dominant species, ecological niche, ecological response rate, Tibet

中图分类号:

S719
Q958.1

张鹏,刘洋,安瑞志,乔楠茜,达珍,巴桑. 西藏拉萨河中下游原生动物优势种时空生态位[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(1): 78-88.

Peng Zhang,Yang Liu,Ruizhi An,Nanqian Qiao,Zhen Da,Sang Ba. Spatio-Temporal Niche of Dominant Protozoa Species in the Midstream and Downstream[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(1): 78-88.

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样点编号 Site No.	位置 Location	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude	河段 Reach
L1	康果乡Kangguo Township	91°31′10.78″E	30°18′32.36″N	中游Midstream
L2	旁多电站Pangduo power station	91°20′10.54″E	30°11′08.71″N	中游Midstream
L3	日布村Ribu Village	91°11′04.58″E	30°16′03.97″N	中游Midstream
L4	日布村西Ribu Village West	91°07′08.97″E	30°17′22.32″N	中游Midstream
L5	扎雪乡Zhaxue Township	91°45′23.45″E	30°04′26.84″N	中游Midstream
L6	门巴乡Mengba Township	91°54′38.64″E	29°59′48.83″N	中游Midstream
L7	武如荣Wururong	91°58′00.66″E	30°00′32.62″N	中游Midstream
L8	直孔电站Zhikong power station	91°52′53.61″E	29°57′45.36″N	中游Midstream
L9	巴洛村Baluo Village	91°44′41.12″E	29°50′30.13″N	下游Downstream
L10	嘎则村Gaze Village	91°55′24.89″E	29°45′57.30″N	下游Downstream
L11	庞麦村Pangmai Village	91°41′17.30″E	29°49′55.73″N	下游Downstream
L12	曲尼巴大桥Quniba bridge	91°41′21.87″E	29°49′55.56″N	下游Downstream
L13	香嘎村Xiangga Village	91°10′32.76″E	29°38′09.31″N	下游Downstream
L14	柳梧大桥Liuwu bridge	91°04′54.34″E	29°38′43.25″N	下游Downstream
L15	堆隆聂村Duilongnie Village	90°53′05.11″E	29°41′11.47″N	下游Downstream
L16	堆隆曲上游Duilongqu upstream	90°40′37.96″E	29°58′55.44″N	下游Downstream
L17	采纳大桥Caina bridge	90°55′52.38″E	29°26′26.24″N	下游Downstream

门Phylum	优势种Dominant species	春季Spring		夏季Summer		秋季Autumn
门Phylum	优势种Dominant species	f_i(%)	Y	f_i(%)	Y	f_i(%)	Y
纤毛门 Ciliophora	大弹跳虫Halteria grandinella	41.17	0.034	11.76	0.003N	5.88	0.000N
	颗粒膜袋虫Cyclidium granulosum	58.82	0.032	17.65	0.001N	23.53	0.004N
	前突肾形虫Colpoda penardi	5.88	0.000N	29.41	0.066	35.29	0.010N
肉鞭门 Sarcomastigophora	微小无吻虫Clautrivia parva	17.65	0.035	52.94	0.021	17.65	0.003N
肉鞭门 Sarcomastigophora	小波豆虫Bodo minimus	23.53	0.002N	47.06	0.045	47.06	0.057

物种编号 No.	优势种 Dominant species	时间生态位 Temporal niche width	空间生态位 Spatial niche width	时空生态位 Spatial-temporal niche breadth
S1	大弹跳虫Halteria grandinella	0.512	0.233	0.119
S2	颗粒膜袋虫Cyclidium granulosum	0.505	0.294	0.148
S3	前突肾形虫Colpoda penardi	0.378	0.071	0.027
S4	微小无吻虫Clautrivia parva	0.469	0.088	0.041
S5	小波豆虫Bodo minimus	0.695	0.354	0.246

物种编号 No. of species	时间、空间生态位重叠值Temporal or spatial niche overlap value					时空生态位重叠值Spatial-temporal niche overlap value
物种编号 No. of species	S1	S2	S3	S4	S5	S1	S2	S3	S4	S5
S1	—	0.053	0.412	0.030	0.018	—
S2	0.983	—	0.009	0.020	0.246	0.052	—
S3	0.258	0.123	—	0.023	0.005	0.106	0.001	—
S4	0.997	0.991	0.185	—	0.073	0.030	0.019	0.004	—
S5	0.300	0.239	0.887	0.241	—	0.005	0.059	0.004	0.018	—

物种编号 No. of species	时间Temporal		空间Spatial		时空Spatial-temporal
物种编号 No. of species	Δ O_ik	R	ΔO_ik	R	ΔO_ik	R
S1	2.282	0.224	0.788	0.296	0.369	0.322
S2	1.272	0.397	-0.138	-2.130	0.059	2.508
S3	-3.143	-0.120	0.467	0.152	-0.021	-1.286
S4	1.662	0.283	-1.048	-0.084	-0.241	-0.170
S5	-2.073	-0.335	-0.068	-5.205	-0.166	-1.481
求和Sum	—	0.449	—	-6.972	—	-0.107