红松枝叶关系的纬度差异性

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210503

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 植株整体形态与枝叶大小、出叶强度关系密切，探究枝叶性状在不同纬度的差异，预测不同环境下植株种内变异及生存策略。方法: 选取4个不同区域阔叶红松林分布区，分析其主要优势种红松的当年生出叶强度、枝横截面积、总叶面积和单叶面积；采用单因素方差分析法，检验枝叶性状在不同纬度是否存在显著差异；应用标准化主轴估计法（SMA），探讨纬度对单叶面积与出叶强度以及枝横截面积与出叶强度、总叶面积、单叶面积关系的影响。结果: 1）红松总叶面积、枝横截面积和出叶强度变化的纬度解释率均小于8%，单叶面积变化的纬度解释率最高为58%；2）红松枝横截面积与其他叶性状和出叶强度均呈异速生长关系，与叶面积在不同纬度均呈显著正相关，与出叶强度呈显著负相关；在高纬度地区，出叶强度与单叶面积呈负相关的异速生长关系；3）在高纬度地区，红松枝性状与叶性状和出叶强度的关系斜率均最小。结论: 红松枝叶状在不同纬度均存在显著差异，随着纬度变化，单叶面积变化显著，表明植株会调整其表型性状以适应环境变化，且以叶性状为主。红松枝叶性状关系在不同纬度存在差异，其斜率在高纬度地区相对较小，表明植物会采取不同资源分配策略以适应环境变化，且枝叶协同适应环境变化。

关键词: 纬度, 枝横截面积, 出叶强度, 叶面积

Abstract:

Objective: The size of twigs and leaves and leafing intensity are closely related to the overall shape of plants. Exploration of the variation of twig and leaf traits in different latitudes can predict the intraspecific variation and survival strategies of plants in different environments. Method: In this study, four different regions in the mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forests were selected to analyze the leafing intensity, cross-sectional area, total leaf area and single leaf area of the main dominant species Pinus koraiensis. The one-way ANOVA was used to test whether there was a significant difference in different latitudes by analyzing twig traits and leaf traits. The standardized major axis (SMA)was used to investigate the effects of latitude on the relationships between volume-based leafing intensity and individual leaf area, and between twig cross sectional area and individual leaf area, total leaf area, volume-based leafing intensity. Result: 1) The latitude explanatory rate of changes in total leaf area, twig cross-sectional area and leafing intensity of P. koraiensis were was all less than 8%, and the latitude explanatory rate of changes in individual leaf area was the highest at 58%. 2) The twig cross-sectional area had an allometric growth with volume-based leafing intensity and other leaf characters, and it had a significant positive correlation with total leaf area and individual leaf area at different latitudes, but a negative correlation with leafing intensity. At high latitudes, allometric growth was negatively correlated with leafing intensity and individual leaf area. 3) At high latitudes, there was a negative relationship between leaf area and leafing intensity. Conclusion: The leaf and twig traits of P. koraiensis are significantly different at different latitudes. With the change of latitude, the individual leaf area changes significantly, indicating that plants can adjust their phenotypic traits to adapt to the changing environment, and leaf traits are mainly changed. The relationship between twig and leaf traits of P. koraiensis varies in different latitudes, and the slope is relatively small in high latitudes, indicating that plants adopt different resource allocation strategies to adapt to environmental changes, and the leaf and twig traits adapt to environmental changes cooperatively.

Key words: latitude, twig cross-sectional area, volume-based leafing intensity, leaf area

中图分类号:

S718

王明琦,金光泽,刘志理. 红松枝叶关系的纬度差异性[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(5): 25-33.

Mingqi Wang,Guangze Jin,Zhili Liu. Difference in the Relationship between Twig and Leaf of Pinus koraiensis along Latitude[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(5): 25-33.

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项目Item	地点Sites
项目Item	胜山Shengshan	丰林Fenglin	穆棱Muling	长白山Changbai Mountains
经度Longitude (E)	126°45′	128°59′	130°07′	128°05′
纬度Latitude (N)	49°27′	48°02′	43°95′	42°23′
年均气温Mean annual temperature/℃	-2.0	-0.5	2.8	3.6
年均降水量Mean annual precipitation/mm	519.9	640.5	513.5	700
海拔Elevation/m	510	351	611	852
土壤类型Soil type	暗棕壤 Dark brown soil	暗棕壤 Dark brown soil	暗棕壤 Dark brown soil	暗棕壤 Dark brown soil

性状Traits	参数Parameters	胜山 Shengshan	丰林 Fenglin	穆棱 Muling	长白山 Changbai Mountains
	平均值Mean	57.6	59.17	61.83	61.17
胸径 DBH/cm	标准差SD	11.3	6.8	7.9	6.3
	变异系数CV(%)	20	12	13	10
	平均值Mean	198	202	209	207
树龄 Tree age/a	标准差SD	27.2	16.5	19.0	15.1
	变异系数CV(%)	10	10	10	10
	平均值Mean	26.3	28.2	28.1	27.6
树高 Tree height/m	标准差SD	1.9	1.5	6.1	2.4
	变异系数CV(%)	10	10	20	10

性状Traits	参数Parameters	胜山 Shengshan	丰林 Fenglin	穆棱 Muling	长白山 Changbai Mountains
枝横截面积 Cross-sectional area of twigs/cm²	平均值Mean	11.3a	10.9a	9.7b	11.2a
	标准差SD	4.2	3.7	3.3	4.8
	变异系数CV(%)	37	33	34	43
	平均值Mean	1.0b	1.6a	1.6a	0.9c
单叶面积 Individual leaf area/cm²	标准差SD	0.2	0.4	0.4	0.2
	变异系数CV(%)	20	26	25	25
	平均值Mean	47.1c	87.9a	61.1b	58.1b
总叶面积 Total leaf area/cm²	标准差SD	31	64.3	42.8	38.9
	变异系数CV(%)	66	72	70	67
	平均值Mean	2.1b	1.6c	2.2b	3.2a
出叶强度 Leafing intensity/cm^-3	标准差SD	1.5	1.1	1.7	2.9
	变异系数CV(%)	69	70	77	92

方向 Orientation	采样点 Sample site	均值 Mean	方向 Orientation	采样点 Sample site	均值 Mean	方向 Orientation	采样点 Sample site	均值 Mean
上南 Upper south	长白山 Changbai Mountains	12.5ab	中南 Middle south	长白山 Changbai Mountains	10.2ab	下南 Lower south	长白山 Changbai Mountains	9.9ab
	穆棱 Muling	11.2b		穆棱 Muling	9.6b		穆棱 Muling	7.7b
	丰林 Fenglin	10.8b		丰林 Fenglin	11.7ab		丰林 Fenglin	10.4a
	胜山 Shengshan	13.6a		胜山 Shengshan	12.3a		胜山 Shengshan	8.3ab
上北 Upper north	长白山 Changbai Mountains	14.3a	中北 Middle north	长白山 Changbai Mountains	10.2b	下北 Lower north	长白山 Changbai Mountains	10.2a
	穆棱 Muling	10.9b		穆棱 Muling	9.9b		穆棱 Muling	8.6ab
	丰林 Fenglin	11.5ab		丰林 Fenglin	12.0ab		丰林 Fenglin	9.3ab
	胜山 Shengshan	12.9ab		胜山 Shengshan	13.4a		胜山 Shengshan	7.8b

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