美丽箬竹鞭段侧芽偏向性萌发生长的激素和养分作用

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210408

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 地被竹广泛应用于园林绿化，鞭段容器育苗是地被竹生产可全年造林、一次成景竹苗的重要手段，鞭段侧芽萌发生长状况与竹苗质量密切相关。本研究通过开展美丽箬竹鞭段容器育苗试验，以明确育苗鞭段的侧芽萌发生长特征，揭示内源激素和养分的协同作用对侧芽萌发生长的影响，旨在为优质地被竹容器苗培育提供参考。方法: 以美丽箬竹1年生鞭段为试材，设置（2.90 ±0.32）mm、（5.42 ±0.63）mm 2种鞭段径级，3、6、9 cm 3种鞭段长度，共计6种处理的鞭段侧芽萌发试验，调查各处理不同鞭段部位的侧芽萌发生长的新竹数量、地径和高度，测定并分析鞭段在埋鞭育苗期、侧芽萌动期和新竹长成期的IAA、GA、ABA、CTK等内源激素和C、N、P等养分的含量和动态变化规律。结果: 各处理美丽箬竹育苗鞭段两端（远端、近端）侧芽萌发生长比例均最高，达85.15%~98.04%，显著高于鞭段中端（24.36%~37.58%），而远端、近端间差异不明显，体现了美丽箬竹育苗鞭段侧芽萌发生长具有明显的位置偏向性特征；但不同鞭段部位的侧芽萌发生长的新竹生长特征无显著差异。同时，埋鞭育苗期和新竹长成期的鞭段内源激素和养分总体上也无明显变化，但侧芽萌动期的鞭段近端和远端GA、N、P含量和GA/ABA、CTK/ABA、（IAA+GA+CTK）/ABA、N/P总体上显著高于中端，ABA含量和C/N、C/P则相反，而IAA、CTK和C含量不同鞭段部位间无明显差异。这说明内源激素对鞭段侧芽萌发位置起决定作用，而养分含量可能控制侧芽萌发数量。结论: 美丽箬竹鞭段侧芽萌发生长存在明显的位置偏向性特征，主要受鞭段侧芽萌动期的内源激素和养分的共同调控影响，鞭段会通过养分化学计量和激素平衡来对侧芽萌发生长进行适应性调节。

关键词: 美丽箬竹, 鞭段, 侧芽萌发偏向, 内源激素, 养分

Abstract:

Objective: Dwarf bamboo is widely used in landscaping. Its propagation in container by rhizome is an important means for dwarf bamboo production for all year round afforestation and fast landscaping. The quality of the bamboo saplings is closely associated with the sprouting of the lateral buds of rhizome. In this study, rhizome segments of Indocalamus decorus were propagated in containers to characterize the sprouting of the lateral buds of rhizome and to reveal the synergistic effect of endogenous hormones and nutrients on the sprouting of the lateral buds. The study is intended to provide a basis for high-quality and efficient cultivation of dwarf bamboo saplings. Method: One-year-old rhizome segments of I. decorus with two diameter grades (smaller rhizomes (D1, 2.90 mm ±0.32 mm) and bigger rhizome (D2, 5.42 mm±0.63 mm)) and three length classes (L1, 3 cm; L2, 6 cm; L3, 9 cm) were used in an experiment with a total of 6 treatments. The number, ground diameter and height of young bamboos which grew from rhizome lateral buds were investigated, and the contents of IAA, GA, ABA, CTK, C, N, P of the rhizomes during the periods of rhizome planting, lateral bud sprouting and new bamboo growing were measured. Result: Lateral buds at both segment ends in each treatment sprouted in a much higher proportion, reaching 85.15%-98.04%, significantly higher than those in the middle part (24.36%-37.58%), it showed that more lateral buds sprouted apically or basally. There was no significant difference in the growth status of young bamboos (number, ground diameter and height) among different rhizome segment positions. Meanwhile, there were also no significant changes in the hormones and nutrients of the rhizome during the periods of rhizome planting and new bamboo growing. However, GA, N, P content and GA/ABA, CTK/ABA, (IAA+GA+CTK)/ABA, N/P contents were significantly higher in the proximal and distal part than in the middle part, while ABA content and C/N, C/P contents were opposite, and IAA, CTK, C contents were not significantly different between different rhizome segment parts during the period of lateral bud sprouting. It showed that hormones play a decisive role in the sprouting position of lateral buds in the rhizome segment, while the nutrient content may control the number of sprouting lateral buds. Conclusion: There was a clear positional bias in the sprouting of lateral rhizome buds of Indocalamus decorus, which was mainly affected by the joint regulation of endogenous hormones and nutrients of the rhizome segment during lateral bud sprouting period. The rhizome segment could regulate the growth of lateral buds through nutrient stoichiometry and hormone balance.

Key words: Indocalamus decorus, rhizome segment, lateral bud directional sprouting, endogenous hormone, nutrient

中图分类号:

S718.43

谷瑞,徐森,陈双林,郭子武,章超. 美丽箬竹鞭段侧芽偏向性萌发生长的激素和养分作用[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(4): 73-81.

Rui Gu,Sen Xu,Shuanglin Chen,Ziwu Guo,Chao Zhang. Effects of Hormones and Nutrients on the Directional Growth of Lateral Rhizome Bud of Indocalamus decorus[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(4): 73-81.

图/表 5

表1

表2

不同鞭径和鞭长处理下美丽箬竹不同鞭段部位侧芽萌发比例及新竹生长状况①"

生长指标 Growth index	鞭段 Rhizome segment	处理 Treatment
生长指标 Growth index	鞭段 Rhizome segment	D1L1	D1L2	D1L3	D2L1	D2L2	D2L3
侧芽萌发比例 Bud sprouting rate(%)	近端 Proximal	34.36±13.98 BC	49.02±8.50 B	60.32±12.31 B	59.70±8.92 B	40.56±10.05 B	70.72±7.45 B
	中端 Middle	24.36±15.04 C	37.58±7.07 C	44.44±11.98 BC	24.55±13.39 C	28.89±12.36 C	27.32±16.75 C
	远端 Distal	56.41±18.87 B	49.02±8.51 B	25.40±9.91 C	25.45±15.53 C	53.89±14.56 B	20.13±8.32 C
	两端 Both	90.67±10.07 A	98.04±7.01 A	85.71±14.29 A	85.15±10.01 A	94.44±9.62 A	90.85±11.15 A

新竹数量 Number of young bamboo	近端 Proximal	1.50±0.53 A	2.17±1.03 A	2.75±0.96 A	2.30±0.67 A	3.80±1.30 A	3.00±1.20 A
	中端 Middle	1.50±0.58 A	2.20±1.30 A	1.75±0.96 A	3.00±0.82 A	4.50±1.91 A2.00±0.89 A
	远端 Distal	1.33±0.58 A	1.40±0.55 A	1.78±0.97 A	2.50±0.58 A	3.33±1.00 A	3.33±0.71 A
	两端 Both	1.46±0.52 A	1.94±0.97 A	2.07±1.04 A	2.36±0.63 A	3.50±1.09 A	3.00±1.00 A

新竹地径 Young bamboo ground diameter/mm	近端 Proximal	1.21±0.16 A	1.27±0.21 A	1.29±0.20 A	1.03±0.22 A	1.34±0.25 A	1.20±0.28 A
	中端 Middle	1.26±0.15 A	1.25±0.14 A	1.39±0.22 A	1.24±0.21 A	1.48±0.14 A	1.27±0.17 A
	远端 Distal	1.29±0.13 A	1.48±0.11 A	1.25±0.29 A	1.31±0.02 A	1.36±0.18 A	1.24±0.11 A
	两端 Both	1.25±0.15 A	1.34±0.21 A	1.28±0.22 A	1.09±0.22 A	1.35±0.19 A	1.20±0.13 A

新竹高度 Young bamboo height/cm	近端 Proximal	10.30±1.58 A	11.56±0.90 A	12.88±2.74 A	11.41±1.94 A	9.80±1.81 B	11.35±2.67 A
	中端 Middle	10.78±1.26 A	11.94±2.68 A	12.65±1.13 A	11.85±1.70 A	13.62±5.09 A	12.40±2.84 A
	远端 Distal	10.46±1.04 A	12.89±0.92 A	11.78±0.71 A	12.53±3.58 A	10.90±2.13 AB	13.43±0.79 A
	两端 Both	10.39±1.27 A	12.01±1.08 A	12.57±2.36 A	11.98±2.38 A	10.58±2.04 AB	12.00±2.43 A

表2

表3

图1

表4

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激素 Hormone	发育期 Developmental period	鞭段 Rhizome segment
激素 Hormone	发育期 Developmental period	近端 Proximal	中端 Middle	远端 Distal	整段 Whole
IAA	埋鞭育苗期 Rhizome planting period	278.14±4.74 Aa	250.72±11.76 Ba	243.79±7.15 Ba	257.55±17.33 a
	侧芽萌动期 Lateral bud sprouting period	227.46±13.74 Ab	234.93±14.73 Aa	228.61±6.03 Ab	230.33±11.07 b
	新竹长成期 New bamboo growing period	228.65±10.32 Ab	235.53±10.06 Aa	231.19±5.20 Ab	233.12±8.37 b

GA	埋鞭育苗期 Rhizome planting period	126.17±3.51 Ab	117.60±7.32 ABa	114.58±7.22 Bb	119.45±7.10 b
	侧芽萌动期 Lateral bud sprouting period	140.87±4.91 Aa	128.40±3.80 Ba	136.91±5.04 Aa	134.72±6.72 a
	新竹长成期 New bamboo growing period	120.14±9.19 Ab	118.55±6.76 Aa	121.06±5.48 Ab	120.25±6.97 b

CTK	埋鞭育苗期 Rhizome planting period	1 124.72±39.05 Aa	1 026.23±45.08 Ba	959.78±45.31 Ba	1 036.91±79.44 a
	侧芽萌动期 Lateral bud sprouting period	801.95±38.07 Ab	825.35±17.13 Ab	776.44±12.46 Ac	801.25±30.39 b
	新竹长成期 New bamboo growing period	808.48±16.02 Ab	835.18±36.13 Ab	837.55±16.05 Ab	827.07±25.50 b

ABA	埋鞭育苗期 Rhizome planting period	254.10±5.26 Ab	242.60±5.26 Ab	220.34±11.37 Bb	239.01±16.34 b
	侧芽萌动期 Lateral bud sprouting period	198.05±10.66 Bc	234.81±13.46 Ab	203.49±8.73 Bb	212.12±19.70 c
	新竹长成期 New bamboo growing period	287.12±23.38 Aa	287.85±12.22 Aa	305.30±18.37 Aa	293.42±17.37 a

激素 Hormone	发育期 Developmental period	鞭段 Rhizome segment
激素 Hormone	发育期 Developmental period	近端 Proximal	中端 Middle	远端 Distal	整段 Whole
C/(g·kg^-1)	P1	442.67±4.05 Ac	440.00±2.65 Ac	441.00±2.00 Ac	441.22±3.03 c
	P2	449.67±2.52 Ab	447.00±4.58 Ab	448.00±1.73 Ab	448.22±2.99 b
	P3	456.00±4.58 Aa	455.67±2.52 Aa	454.00±2.64 Aa	455.22±3.07 a

N/(g·kg^-1)	P1	6.44±0.27 ABc	6.12±0.24 Bb	6.60±0.05 Ab	6.39±0.28 c
	P2	9.49±0.10 Ba	8.45±0.03 Ca	10.37±0.15 Aa	9.44±0.84 a
	P3	7.44±0.65 Ab	7.30±1.30 Ab	6.96±0.48 Ab	7.23±0.80 b

P/(g·kg^-1)	P1	1.61±0.18 ABc	1.41±0.09 Bc	1.67±0.05 Ab	1.56±0.16 c
	P2	1.82±0.03 Ab	1.71±0.05 Bb	1.85±0.05 Aa	1.79±0.08 b
	P3	2.16±0.02 Aa	2.08±0.25 Aa	1.92±0.07 Aa	2.05±0.17 a

C/N	P1	68.87±3.36 ABa	71.96±2.46 Aa	66.78±0.25 Ba	69.20±3.07 a
	P2	47.37±0.79 Bb	52.90±0.44 Ab	43.22±0.48 Cb	47.83±4.24 b
	P3	61.58±5.48 Aa	63.71±10.61 Aab	65.43±4.36 Aa	63.57±6.57 a

C/P	P1	277.29±5.81 ABa	313.73±21.78 Aa	264.71±6.22 Ba	285.24±29.75 a
	P2	246.68±5.51 Bb	261.55±7.39 Ab	241.89±7.80 Bb	250.04±10.78 b
	P3	211.44±2.42 Ac	221.36±28.74 Ab	237.09±9.49 Ab	223.30±18.87 c

N/P	P1	4.02±0.39 Ab	4.37±0.40 Ab	3.96±0.09 Ab	4.11±0.34 b
	P2	5.21±0.07 Aa	4.94±0.13 Ba	5.60±0.23 Aa	5.25±0.32 a
	P3	3.45±0.28 Ac	3.50±0.38 Ab	3.63±0.33 Ab	3.53±0.30 c

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