江西武夷山南方铁杉针阔混交林主要植物生态位特征

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210120

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 江西武夷山国家级自然保护区内分布有我国唯一较大局域的南方铁杉种群，探究该地南方铁杉针阔混交林主要植物的生态位特征，旨在明晰群落内各种群的资源利用状况及不同种群间的竞争关系，为珍稀物种南方铁杉保护及森林生态系统稳定性维持提供科学依据。方法: 基于江西武夷山国家级自然保护区内海拔1 800 m的长期监测固定样地植物调查数据，运用Levins生态位宽度、Shannon-Wiener生态位宽度及Pianka生态位重叠度计算方法，对混交林内乔木层、更新层、灌木层和草本层主要植物的生态位宽度及种群之间的生态位重叠度进行计算比较，探讨南方铁杉在该针阔混交林中的地位。结果: 乔木层中，南方铁杉和青冈的生态位宽度最大，青冈是与南方铁杉生态位重叠度最高的物种，叶萼山矾和天目紫茎的生态位宽度最小，利用资源能力较弱。更新层中闽皖八角及多脉青冈的分布幅度较广，资源利用能力较强，生态位宽度最大；而南方铁杉的生态位宽度较小，在更新层中优势程度较差，云锦杜鹃和红麸杨与南方铁杉的生态位重叠度最大；老鸹铃、多脉青冈、红麸杨、叶萼山矾、云锦杜鹃、青冈和南方铁杉7个树种在更新层中的生态位宽度明显低于其在乔木层的生态位宽度。灌木层和草本层生态位宽度最大的物种分别为箭竹和求米草，箭竹由于数量多、分布广而对更新层物种生存产生不利影响。结论: 南方铁杉是该针阔混交林的建群种，在乔木层中只有青冈具有一定的竞争能力，南方铁杉幼树的更新状况较差，优势度较高的青冈有替代南方铁杉的可能。为维持南方铁杉原始林的稳定性以及完善南方铁杉的管理保护措施，可适当采用择伐等人为干扰措施优化南方铁杉的更新条件。

关键词: 江西武夷山, 南方铁杉, 针阔混交林, 生态位特征, 青冈

Abstract:

Objective: Wuyishan National Natural Reserve in Jiangxi has a large local distribution area of Tsuga chinensis var. tchekiangensis population. Niche characteristics of dominant plants therein coniferous(T. chinensis var. tchekiangensis) and mixed broad-leaf forest were investigated, which was not only beneficial to reveal the utilization potential of the dominant plants to their surrounding resources and the competition between different plants for similar resources, but also provided a scientific basis for protection of ancient T. chinensis var. tchekiangensis and maintenance of the stability of virgin forest ecosystem. Method: Based on investigation data of woody plants in permanent plot at 1 800 m altitude in Jiangxi Wuyishan National Natural Reserve, to inquire into the position of T. chinensis var. tchekiangensis in the mixed forest, niche breadth of main plants and niche overlap between plants in arbor layer, regeneration layer, shrub layer and herb layer were calculated by corresponding calculation methods to compare. Result: The species with the largest niche breadth in arbor layer were T. chinensis var. tchekiangensis and Cyclobalanopsis glauca, while C. glauca was the species with the highest niche overlap to T. chinensis var. tchekiangensis, indicating the most intensive competitive relationship between them. The resources utilization potential of Symplocos phyllocalyx and Stewartia gemmata were weak in arbor layer with the least niche breadth. In regeneration layer, Illicium minwanense and C. multinervis with wide distribution had strong resource utilization potential, and niche breadth of them were the largest. While the niche breadth of T. chinensis var. tchekiangensis was small, itrepresented a poor degree of dominance in the regeneration layer. Rhododendron fortunei and Rhus punjabensis var. sinica had the highest niche overlap between T. chinensis var. tchekiangensis, resulting in the disadvantage of T. chinensis var. tchekiangensis saplings in regeneration layer. The niche breadth of 7 saplings, such as Styrax hemsleyanus, C. multinervis, R. punjabensis var. sinica, S. phyllocalyx, R. fortunei, C. glauca, and T. chinensis var. tchekiangensis were apparently lower than that of trees in the arbor layer. The species with the largest niche breadth in the shrub layer and the herb layer were Fargesia spathacea and Oplismenus undulatifolius. As a result of a massive quantity and a wide distribution in plot, F. spathacea had a negative effect on the survival of regeneration layer species. Conclusion: T. chinensis var. tchekiangensis was the constructive species in virgin mixed forest, only C. glauca had certain competitiveness with that in the arbor layer. The regeneration of T. chinensis var. tchekiangensis saplings was poor, C. glauca with high dominance may replace T. chinensis var. tchekiangensis. To maintain virgin forest stability and improve the management and protection measures of T. chinensis var. tchekiangensis, the regeneration conditions of T. chinensis var. tchekiangensiscanbe optimized by using artificial disturbance measures such as selective cutting.

Key words: Jiangxi Wuyishan, Tsuga chinensis var. tchekiangensis, coniferous and broadleaf mixed forest, niche characteristics, Cyclobalanopsis glauca

中图分类号:

S718.5

赵家豪,叶钰倩,陈斌,袁在翔,刘江南,杨涛,袁荣斌,关庆伟. 江西武夷山南方铁杉针阔混交林主要植物生态位特征[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(1): 191-199.

Jiahao Zhao,Yuqian Ye,Bin Chen,Zaixiang Yuan,Jiangnan Liu,Tao Yang,Rongbin Yuan,Qingwei Guan. Niche Characteristics of Dominant Plants of Coniferous(Tsuga chinensis var. tchekiangensis) and Broad-Leaf Mixed Forest in Jiangxi Wuyishan, China[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(1): 191-199.

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乔木层树种 Arbor layer species	重要值 Importance value(%)	更新层幼树 Saplings species	重要值 Importance value(%)
南方铁杉Tsuga chinensis var. tchekiangensis	59.11	闽皖八角Illicium minwanense	68.51
多脉青冈Cyclobalanopsis multinervis	25.91	老鸹铃Styraxhemsle yanus	20.60
闽皖八角Illicium minwanense	25.58	多脉青冈Cyclobalanopsis multinervis	18.72
青冈Cyclobalanopsis glauca	7.83	红麸杨Rhus punjabensis var. sinica	14.58
老鸹铃Styrax hemsleyanus	7.33	叶萼山矾Symplocos phyllocalyx	11.09
云锦杜鹃Rhododendron fortunei	6.37	红柴枝Meliosma oldhamii	6.99
叶萼山矾Symplocos phyllocalyx	3.57	云锦杜鹃Rhododendron fortunei	6.78
秀丽槭Acer elegantulum	3.11	山矾Symplocos sumuntia	6.22
天目紫茎Stewartia gemmata	2.85	青冈Cyclobalanopsis glauca	5.85
红麸杨Rhus punjabensis var. sinica	2.82	南方铁杉Tsuga chinensis var. tchekiangensis	5.65

灌木层物种 Shrub layer species	重要值 Importance value(%)	草本层物种 Herb layer species	重要值 Importance value(%)
箭竹Fargesia spathacea	63.56	粉被苔草Carex pruinosa	16.47
岩柃Eurya saxicola	26.97	钻地风Schizophragma integrifolium	15.22
鹿角杜鹃Rhododendron latoucheae	23.11	江南灯心草Juncus prismatocarpus	14.15
灯笼树Enkianthus chinensis	20.17	金星蕨Parathelypteris glanduligera	13.49
贵定桤叶树Clethra cavaleriei	19.89	求米草Oplismenus undulatifolius	10.09
猴头杜鹃Rhododendron simiarum	5.35	短叶赤车Pellionia brevifolia	9.39

林层Forest layer	物种Species	生态位宽度Niche breadth
林层Forest layer	物种Species	B_L	B_SW
乔木层 Arbor layer	南方铁杉Tsuga chinensis var. tchekiangensis	0.937 8	2.270 2
	多脉青冈Cyclobalanopsis multinervis	0.854 4	2.218 2
	闽皖八角Illicium minwanense	0.861 1	2.218 0
	青冈Cyclobalanopsis glauca	0.939 3	2.270 0
	老鸹铃Styrax hemsleyanus	0.798 5	2.049 8
	云锦杜鹃Rhododendron fortunei	0.890 3	2.129 8
	叶萼山矾Symplocos phyllocalyx	0.700 6	1.864 7
	秀丽槭Acer elegantulum	0.771 6	2.203 4
	天目紫茎Stewartia gemmata	0.682 7	1.847 4
	红麸杨Rhus punjabensis var. sinica	0.765 0	2.168 0
更新层 Regeneration layer	闽皖八角Illicium minwanense	0.884 3	2.228 3
	老鸹铃Styrax hemsleyanus	0.422 9	1.794 1
	多脉青冈Cyclobalanopsis multinervis	0.814 9	2.144 1
	红麸杨Rhus punjabensis var.sinica	0.465 2	1.878 1
	叶萼山矾Symplocos phyllocalyx	0.559 7	1.822 3
	红柴枝Meliosma oldhamii	0.669 4	1.969 3
	云锦杜鹃Rhododendron fortunei	0.362 0	1.602 9
	山矾Symplocos sumuntia	0.546 3	1.741 3
	青冈Cyclobalanopsis glauca	0.432 6	1.922 9
	南方铁杉Tsuga chinensis var. tchekiangensis	0.588 6	1.497 8
灌木层 Shrub layer	箭竹Fargesia spathacea	0.914 0	2.254 9
	岩柃Eurya saxicola	0.912 2	2.253 2
	鹿角杜鹃Rhododendron latoucheae	0.858 9	2.219 8
	灯笼树Enkianthus chinensis	0.651 3	2.044 7
	贵定桤叶树Clethra cavaleriei	0.730 2	2.108 6
	猴头杜鹃Rhododendron simiarum	0.498 0	1.993 7
草本层 Herb layer	粉被苔草Carex pruinosa	0.561 3	2.354 7
	钻地风Schizophragma integrifolium	0.839 6	2.512 4
	江南灯心草Juncus prismatocarpus	0.850 1	2.570 1
	金星蕨Parathelypteris glanduligera	0.654 2	2.718 5
	求米草Oplismenus undulatifolius	0.872 3	2.687 6
	短叶赤车Pellionia brevifolia	0.566 1	2.353 5

物种Species	南方铁杉 Tsuga chinensis var. tchekiangensis	多脉青冈 Cyclobalanopsis multinervis	闽皖八角 Illicium minwanense	青冈 Cyclobalanopsis glauca	老鸹铃 Styrax hemsleyanus	云锦杜鹃 Rhododendron fortunei	叶萼山矾 Symplocos phyllocalyx	秀丽槭 Acer elegantulum	天目紫茎 Stewartia gemmata	红麸杨 Rhus punjabensis var. sinica
南方铁杉 Tsuga chinensis var. tchekiangensis	1	0.997 8	0.964 7	0.988 4	0.900 7	0.943 3	0.805 2	0.920 4	0.797 4	0.988 5
多脉青冈 Cyclobalanopsis multinervis		1	0.969 5	0.978 7	0.875 3	0.961 5	0.829 1	0.939 0	0.825 1	0.501 6
闽皖八角 Illicium minwanense			1	0.942 3	0.832 3	0.922 9	0.925 2	0.940 0	0.909 2	0.942 0
青冈 Cyclobalanopsis glauca				1	0.955 9	0.887 1	0.748 8	0.896 7	0.725 6	0.972 7
老鸹铃 Styrax hemsleyanus					1	0.715 6	0.578 2	0.774 4	0.528 7	0.884 9
云锦杜鹃 Rhododendron fortunei						1	0.847 3	0.934 5	0.870 8	0.923 6
叶萼山矾 Symplocos phyllocalyx							1	0.889 6	0.992 6	0.764 6
秀丽槭Acer elegantulum								1	0.874 9	0.856 1
天目紫茎 Stewartia gemmata									1	0.765 3
红麸杨Rhus punjabensis var. sinica										1

物种 Species	闽皖八角 Illicium minwanense	老鸹铃 Styrax hemsleyanus	多脉青冈 Cyclobalanopsis multinervis	红麸杨 Rhus punjabensis var.sinica	叶萼山矾 Symplocos phyllocalyx	红柴枝 Meliosma oldhamii	云锦杜鹃 Rhododendron fortunei	山矾 Symplocos sumuntia	青冈 Cyclobalanopsis glauca	南方铁杉 Tsuga chinensis var. tchekiangensis
闽皖八角 Illicium minwanense	1	0.418 5	0.972 0	0.463 5	0.756 9	0.806 6	0.446 7	0.729 9	0.8320	0.5564
老鸹铃Styrax hemsleyanus		1	0.418 5	0.676 7	0.302 4	0.488 3	0.401 6	0.184 6	0.3358	0.3203
多脉青冈 Cyclobalanopsis multinervis			1	0.353 7	0.745 2	0.792 7	0.427 2	0.696 9	0.821 2	0.481 4
红麸杨 Rhus punjabensis var. sinica				1	0.278 2	0.417 0	0.515 9	0.307 0	0.408 3	0.650 6
叶萼山矾 Symplocos phyllocalyx					1	0.644 4	0.487 5	0.873 8	0.301 5	0.309 7
红柴枝Meliosma oldhamii						1	0.529 2	0.635 5	0.637 8	0.544 9
云锦杜鹃 Rhododendron fortunei							1	0.659 5	0.130 0	0.745 6
山矾Symplocos sumuntia								1	0.324 5	0.474 6
青冈Cyclobalanopsis glauca									1	0.404 0
南方铁杉Tsuga chinensis var. tchekiangensis										1