目标树抚育间伐对蒙古栎天然次生林生长的初期影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20201009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探讨目标树抚育间伐对蒙古栎天然次生林林分和单木生长的影响，为更加合理地开展森林经营活动、促进天然次生林恢复和可持续经营提供科学依据。方法: 2013年8月，在吉林省汪清林业局塔子沟林场选择立地条件和生长情况基本一致的蒙古栎天然次生林，设置16块面积0.09 hm²（30 m×30 m）的样地开展目标树抚育间伐试验，根据间伐强度设计弱度（5%）、轻度（10%）、中度（20%）和对照4种处理，每种处理4次重复。基于2016年复测数据，比较分析不同抚育间伐强度对林分和单木生长的初期影响。结果: 经目标树抚育间伐3年后，间伐样地的林分断面积和蓄积定期生长率均显著高于对照样地，不同间伐强度间无显著差异；间伐样地的单木胸径和材积定期生长率均显著高于对照样地，且随间伐强度增加而增大，中度抚育间伐下蒙古栎和红松的单木胸径定期生长率分别是对照的1.51和1.67倍；抚育间伐可显著促进幼树、小树、中龄树的单木胸径和材积生长，对大径木无显著影响；目标树单木胸径和材积定期生长量均显著大于对照，且目标树胸径定期生长量是非目标树的1.28~1.32倍，目标树材积定期生长量是非目标树的2.13~2.69倍；随着目标树自由生长空间增加，目标树胸径和材积定期生长量增大。结论: 基于单株目标树的抚育间伐不仅可促进林分断面积和蓄积生长、降低枯损木平均胸径、增加进界木株数，而且能显著提高单木胸径和材积生长，特别是单株目标树生长。影响单株目标树生长的决定因素是目标树的自由生长空间。在蒙古栎次生林中选择蒙古栎、紫椴、水曲柳作为目标树时，适合开展4个方向的完整树冠释放活动，而选择林下红松作为目标树时，适合开展2~3个方向的不完整树冠释放活动。

关键词: 目标树抚育间伐, 天然次生林, 蒙古栎, 自由生长空间

Abstract:

Objective: Effects of crop tree tending and thinning on growth of forest stand and single tree for typical natural secondary forest Quercus mongolica in Changbai Mountain was discussed, in order to provide a basis for reasonable forest management activities and to promote the restoration and sustainable management for natural secondary forests. Method: 16 plots of 0.09 hm² (30 m×30 m) were set up in the Wangqing Forestry Bureau of Jilin Province in August 2013, to carry out crop tree release and thinning test. According to the thinning intensity, 4 levels of treatments had been set: weak (5%), mild (10%), moderate (20%) and control, each treatment had 4 replicates. Using remeasurement data in 2016, the early effects of different tending thinning intensities on the growth of stand were comparatively analyzed. Result: After 3 years of thinning treatment, the growth rate and accumulation rate of forest stand in thinning plots were significantly higher than those in control plots. There was no significant difference in three thinning intensities. DBH growth rate and volume growth rate of single tree in thinning plots were significant higher than those in control plots, which were increased with the increase of thinning intensity. The DBH growth rate of Quercus mongolica and Pinus koraiensis under moderate thinning was 1.51 and 1.67 times that of the control, respectively. The DBH growth rate and volume growth rate of seedlings, small-size trees and middle-size trees were significantly promoted by crop tree tending and thinning, and there was no significant difference for large-diameter trees between thinning and control. Regarding the crop trees, the DBH growth and volume growth rate were significantly bigger than those of control. The DBH growth of crop trees was 1.28-1.32 times of that of non-crop trees, while the volume growth was 2.13-2.69 times of that of non-crop trees. As the free growth space of crop tree increased, the DBH and volume growth of the crop trees were also increased. Conclusion: Thinning based on single crop tree could not only promote the growth of basal area and volume for forest stand, reduce the average DBH of damaged trees, increase the number of recruitment trees, but also significantly increase the growth of DBH and volume of single tree, especially the crop trees. The decisive factor affecting the growth of crop tree might be the free growth space. When Quercus mongolica, Tilla amurensis, and Fraxinus mandshurica were selected as crop trees, it would be suitable for the complete canopy release activity from four directions. When the Pinus koraiensis was selected as crop tree, it would be suitable for the incomplete canopy release activity from 2-3 directions.

Key words: crop tree release thinning, natural secondary forest, Quercus mongolica, free space to growth

中图分类号:

S753

张晓红,张会儒,卢军,雷相东. 目标树抚育间伐对蒙古栎天然次生林生长的初期影响[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(10): 83-92.

Xiaohong Zhang,Huiru Zhang,Jun Lu,Xiangdong Lei. Early Effects of Crop Tree Release Tending on Growth of Natural Secondary Quercus mongolica Forest[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(10): 83-92.

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样地号 Plot code	面积 Area/ hm²	海拔 Altitude/m	坡向 Slope aspect	坡度 Grade/(°)	株数 Stem number/ hm^-2	断面积 Basal area/ (m²·hm^-2)	蓄积 Stock volume/ (m³·hm^-2)	树种组成 Composition of tree species	目标树密度 Density of crop trees/hm^-2	处理 Treatment
1	900	675	东南 Southeast	8	2 367	20.61	149.82	4Q1P1Bp1F1P1Pu1O	102	弱度 Weak
2	900	750	东南 Southeast	7	1 533	22.48	150.78	4Pu2Q1A1Bp1T1P	85	弱度 Weak
3	900	675	东南 Southeast	8	1 833	23.90	175.57	3Q1Bp1Pu1Q1T1P1O	99	弱度 Weak
4	900	750	东南 Southeast	7	2 044	23.21	193.74	5Q3Bp1P1Af	86	弱度 Weak
5	900	675	东南 Southeast	8	1 667	26.37	204.36	6Q1Bp1P1Bd1O	76	轻度 Mild
6	900	675	东南 Southeast	8	1 844	22.39	176.31	4Q3Bp1P1O1L	89	轻度 Mild
7	900	750	东南 Southeast	7	2 033	22.38	180.23	6Q1Bp1Bd1P1Af	93	轻度 Mild
8	900	705	东南 Southeast	10	1289	21.05	159.76	4Q2T1A1T1P1Bp	87	轻度 Mild
9	900	765	东南 Southeast	6	1 433	21.25	171.34	2Q2Bp1Bd1O1L1P1O1Af	88	中度 Moderate
10	900	705	东南 Southeast	10	2 356	22.01	170.62	3Q3Bp1P1O1Pu1Bd	85	中度 Moderate
11	900	725	东南 Southeast	8	1 433	20.48	153.49	4Q1Bp2O1P1Bd1A	94	中度 Moderate
12	900	675	东南 Southeast	8	1 844	21.81	176.01	3Q3Bp1Af1A1P1O	92	中度 Moderate
13	900	705	东南 Southeast	10	878	21.76	160.02	5Q2T1Bp1P1A	110	对照 Control(CK)
14	900	705	东南 Southeast	10	1 833	23.67	174.66	5Q1Bd1A1T1F1Q	96	对照 Control(CK)
15	900	705	东南 Southeast	10	1 343	24.40	171.54	5Q1A1T1Bp1P1O	180	对照 Control(CK)
16	900	715	东南 Southeast	8	1 333	23.18	170.81	6Q1A1T1P1Bp	122	对照 Control(CK)

处理 Treatment	断面积 Basal area/ (m²·hm^-2)	蓄积 Stock volume/ (m³·hm^-2)	平均胸径 Mean DBH/ cm	树种蓄积 Stock volume of tree species/(m³·hm^-2)
处理 Treatment	断面积 Basal area/ (m²·hm^-2)	蓄积 Stock volume/ (m³·hm^-2)	平均胸径 Mean DBH/ cm	蒙古栎 Q. mongolica	红松 P. koraiensis	杨桦 P. davidiana & B. platyphylla	其他树种 Other species
对照 CK	23.25(1.11)a	169.26(6.38)a	14.68(1.91)a	91.17(14.51)b	5.84(2.57)a	24.73(8.69)b	47.52(12.20)a
弱度 Weak	22.40(1.27)a	168.99(18.98)a	12.87(1.59)a	71.72(27.65)a	4.98(6.82)a	60.04(9.61)a	32.25(14.21)a
轻度 Mild	23.04(2.30)a	175.16(26.66)a	14.08(2.54)a	97.94(40.31)b	8.37(2.74)b	20.34(10.16)b	26.48(26.71)a
中度 Moderate	23.53(4.60)a	175.05(21.46)a	13.76(2.27)a	49.50(24.73)c	12.22(5.87)c	29.44(14.72)b	36.63(27.65)a
F	0.153	0.130	0.567	2.384	2.433	4.475	0.732
P	0.926	0.940	0.646	0.016	0.012	0.023	0.324

处理Treatment	株数Number/hm^-2	断面积Basal area/(m²·hm^-2)	蓄积Stock volume/(m³·hm^-2)	平均胸径Mean DBH/cm	蓄积采伐强度Thinning intensity of stock volume(%)
弱度 Weak	47(23)	1.11(0.14)	8.72(0.66)	23.75(10.54)	5.19(0.36)
轻度 Mild	59(28)	2.27(0.25)	18.07(2.78)	21.21(7.23)	9.68(0.74)
中度 Moderate	81(67)	3.63(0.72)	31.37(3.28)	24.28(5.99)	17.94(0.43)

处理 Treatment	断面积 Basal area/(m²·hm^-2)	断面积定期生长率 Basal area periodic growth rate(%)	蓄积 Stock volume/(m³·hm^-2)	蓄积定期生长率 Stock volume periodic growth rate(%)
对照 CK	23.89 (1.59)a	0.87(1.08)a	170.12 (8.92)a	0.65(1.06) a
弱度 Weak	22.69 (1.24)a	2.12(1.72)b	171.17 (18.11)a	2.22(1.62)b
轻度 Mild	20.95 (2.50)a	2.21(1.28)b	159.87 (27.83)a	2.24(2.03)b
中度 Moderate	21.21 (5.18)a	1.84(1.30)b	156.14 (32.24)a	2.37(2.01) b
F	0.877	3.164	0.442	4.036
P	0.478	0.013	0.727	0.018

处理 Treatment	枯损蓄积 Mortality volume/(m³·hm^-2)	枯损株数 Number of mortality trees/ hm^-2	枯损木平均胸径 Mean DBH of dead trees/ cm	进界株数 Number of recruitment trees/ hm^-2
对照 CK	10.07(3.51) a	133(9.05)b	10.89(2.42)b	3.67(6.35)a
弱度 Weak	10.16(2.77) a	342(8.84)a	7.09(1.83)a	23.75(5.50)b
轻度 Mild	10.00(3.08)a	360(6.35)a	7.18 (1.75)a	29.33(2.70)b
中度 Moderate	6.00(2.50) b	363(15.87)a	6.48(1.05)a	13.00(7.50)c
F	3.527	4.988	4.522	7.015
P	0.031	0.020	0.023	0.010