林业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (6): 103-112.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200611
孙晓丹,叶钰倩,王刚,关庆伟*
收稿日期:
2018-10-08
出版日期:
2020-06-25
发布日期:
2020-07-17
通讯作者:
关庆伟
基金资助:
Xiaodan Sun,Yuqian Ye,Gang Wang,Qingwei Guan*
Received:
2018-10-08
Online:
2020-06-25
Published:
2020-07-17
Contact:
Qingwei Guan
摘要:
有机物覆盖作为一种对土壤生态系统的干扰,对土壤结构和功能具有显著影响,在城市土壤保育及城市土壤修复中发挥着重要作用。通过查阅Web of Science、CNKI等数据库相关文献,本文探讨有机物覆盖对土壤环境的影响,进一步明晰其作用机制,对深入探究土壤生态系统物质循环过程,完善有机覆盖应用技术体系,提高城市土壤保育和修复效果具有重要意义。大多数研究表明:有机物覆盖可以减缓地表水分蒸发和雨水的直接渗透,促进土壤团粒结构,提高土壤保水性,有利于土壤水分的稳定,减缓水土流失;有机物覆盖具有在高温时降温、低温时保温的双重效应,能改善植物生长的水热条件;受土壤条件、覆盖量、覆盖材料等多种因素影响,施加有机覆盖物后,温室气体的排放表现出不确定性;由于土壤的水、气、热等因子的改变,有机物覆盖后土壤微生物的活性、种类、多样性受到影响,且能刺激土壤动物的活动,改善土壤结构和质量;有机物覆盖后,土壤理化性质改善、养分含量提高及微生物群落结构和功能的变化等进一步使土壤酶活性提高,土壤中的碳氮转化速率加快;有机物覆盖后,受土壤环境的影响,植物根系的结构特征改变,细根周转增强,根际沉积增加,加之有机覆盖物本身可为土壤提供碳源,土壤生态系统的物质循环加快,土壤有机碳固持增加,但对土壤碳组分变化的研究还存在争议;有机覆盖物的分解不同程度上能增加土壤有机质、营养元素含量,改善土壤营养情况,增加土壤肥力。目前关于有机物覆盖对土壤环境影响的研究越来越多,但结果还没有统一定论,缺少长期定位观测数据,其作用机制尚未研究清楚,生产实践中的技术体系还不完善。因此,对今后的研究提出以下建议:1)开展长期定位的动态监测和试验研究,明晰有机物覆盖后的土壤环境变化;2)全面探究有机物覆盖对土壤生态系统物质能量转化过程的影响,深入研究其作用机制;3)建立完善的有机物覆盖应用技术体系,提高土壤保育和土壤修复效果。
中图分类号:
孙晓丹,叶钰倩,王刚,关庆伟. 有机物覆盖的土壤环境效应作用机制研究现状与展望[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(6): 103-112.
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