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林业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (1): 1-10.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20190101

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

珠海淇澳岛红树林群落分布与景观格局

邱霓1,2, 徐颂军1, 邱彭华3, 杨文槐1, 杨秀1, 杨倩1   

  1. 1. 华南师范大学地理科学学院 广州 510631;
    2. 广州大学地理科学学院 广州 510006;
    3. 海南师范大学地理与旅游学院 海口 571158
  • 收稿日期:2017-04-24 修回日期:2018-10-09 出版日期:2019-01-25 发布日期:2019-01-06
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41877411;41671175);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0502803)。

Community Distribution and Landscape Pattern of the Mangrove on the Qi'ao Island, Zhuhai

Qiu Ni1,2, Xu Songjun1, Qiu Penghua3, Yang Wenhuai1, Yang Xiu1, Yang Qian1   

  1. 1. School of Geographical Sciences, South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631;
    2. School of Geographical Sciences, Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006;
    3. College of Geography and Tourism, Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158
  • Received:2017-04-24 Revised:2018-10-09 Online:2019-01-25 Published:2019-01-06

摘要: [目的]分析红树林群落和景观分布特征与规律,以期确认红树林引种扩种工程的实效,为研究区红树林造林和保护工作提供依据,对红树林和区域生物多样性保护以及生态环境改善提供支撑。[方法]以珠海淇澳岛红树林为研究对象,基于遥感影像解译与样方调查相结合的数据,采用群落与景观生态学方法,对寒害后红树林群落分布特征、种群优势度及其景观格局进行研究。[结果]淇澳岛红树林中真红树植物为优势种,以引进种无瓣海桑、海桑和乡土种老鼠簕、秋茄和卤蕨为主,无瓣海桑群落以面积占比82.01%成为绝对优势群落,其他主要群落类型包括秋茄群落、卤蕨群落和老鼠簕群落,面积占比分别为5.01%,3.82%和3.31%,真红树群落占总面积的94.15%;半红树植物以海芒果、银叶树和水黄皮为主,重要值相对较低;在种群层面上聚集度最大的是拉关木,其次是水黄皮,较弱的有海桑、秋茄、卤蕨、无瓣海桑和老鼠簕;在群落层面上聚集度较高的有海桑群落和无瓣海桑群落,较低的是卤蕨群落和海漆+杨叶肖槿群落;无瓣海桑和海桑2个引进种发育较好,在中、低潮滩成片生长,对乡土种秋茄等存在抑制作用。[结论]淇澳岛红树林形成了以无瓣海桑群落、秋茄群落、卤蕨群落和老鼠簕群落为主的红树林群落分布格局。从种群和群落2个层次的空间分布研究都显示红树林呈集聚态分布。建议在红树林的引种扩种工程中,适度引种无瓣海桑和海桑,加强乡土红树植物的种植,以保护红树林物种多样性、维护红树林生态系统平衡。

关键词: 遥感数据, 景观格局, 空间分布, 红树林, 珠海淇澳岛

Abstract: [Objective] This study was aimed to analyze the structure of mangrove-forest community and its corresponding landscape characteristics, to provide valuable information for mangrove reforestation and protection, important for regional biodiversity conservation and ecological environment improvement in the future.[Method] Using Qi'ao Island as the study area, based on the datasets from interpretation of remote sensing images and field investigation, spatial-distribution of the mangrove-forest communities, population dominance and landscape pattern after low temperature damages were investigated.[Result] True mangroves are the dominant species in the study area, including two primarily exotic species (Sonneratia apetala and Sonneratia caseolaris) and three major local mangrove species, namely, Acanthus ilicifolius, Kandelia candel and Acrostichum aureum. Sonneratia apetala, with an area contribution of 85.17%, is absolutely the first dominant species. Other major species include Kandelia candel, Acrostichum aureum, and Acanthus ilicifolius community, with area contributions of 4.2%, 3.1%, and 2.65%, respectively. The total area contribution by the aforementioned species was 95.12%. Semi-mangrove plants primarily include Cerbera manghas, Heritiera littoralis and Pongamia pinnata, with relatively low importance. The biggest aggregation at population level was Laguncularia racemosa, followed by Pongamia pinnata. For other species, such as, Sonneratia caseolaris, Kandelia candel, Acrostichum aureum, Sonneratia apetala, and Acanthus ilicifolius, the aggregation was relatively weak. The highest aggregation at the community level was Sonneratia caseolaris and Sonneratia apetala, while the aggregation values for the communities of Acrostichum aureum, Excoecaria agallocha + Thespesia populnea were relatively low. Two exotic species, Sonneratia apetala and Sonneratia caseolaris, developed well in medium and shallow waters, which can inhibit the local species, Kandelia candel.[Conclusion] The mangrove-forest communities in Qi'ao Island are dominated by the Sonneratia apetala, Kandelia candel, Acrostichum aureum, and Acanthus ilicifolius community. The investigation at both population and community levels showed that the mangrove forest in the study area is in aggregated distribution. The results suggest that in the future program for species introduction and mangrove reforestation, Sonneratia apetala and Sonneratia caseolaris should be moderately introduced, which can strengthen the local mangrove planting, protect mangrove species diversity, and maintain the balance of mangrove ecosystems.

Key words: remote sensing data, landscape pattern, spatial distribution, mangrove, Qi'ao Island in Zhuhai

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