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林业科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (5): 87-100.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20180510

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

防治核桃干腐病的新型纳米生物基农药缓释胶囊制备及缓释性能

曾楚楚1, 娄钧翼3, 郭明1,2, 王冰璇3, 卢闻君3   

  1. 1. 浙江农林大学工程学院 临安 311300;
    2. 浙江农林大学化学系 临安 311300;
    3. 浙江农林大学林业与生物技术学院 临安 311300
  • 收稿日期:2017-03-08 修回日期:2018-01-10 出版日期:2018-05-25 发布日期:2018-06-05
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(20877072);浙江省-中国林科院省院合作科技项目(2015SY11)。

Preparation and Sustained Release Properties of A New Nano-Bio-Based Pesticide Sustained-Release Capsule against Carya cathayensis Canker Disease

Zeng Chuchu1, Lou Junyi3, Guo Ming1,2, Wang Bingxuan3, Lu Wenjun3   

  1. 1. School of Engineering, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University Lin'an 311300;
    2. Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University Lin'an 311300;
    3. School of Forestry Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University Lin'an 311300
  • Received:2017-03-08 Revised:2018-01-10 Online:2018-05-25 Published:2018-06-05

摘要: [目的]核桃干腐病可降低10%~50%核桃产量,其病原菌主要以菌丝体的形态感染树皮细胞,并通过孢子大量繁殖,产生对寄主细胞有毒害作用的代谢物,使树体出现病斑,引起树木溃疡病。为了提高核桃干腐病的防治效果,设计反应路线,合成新型生物基材料,进而制备微纳米胶囊,包载干腐病抑菌剂,以便获得良好缓释性能和抑菌效果的新型纳米生物基农药缓释胶囊。[方法]采用海藻酸钠(SA)、羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)和羧甲基壳聚糖(CMCS)为原料,通过DCC和DMAP活化法分别与胆固醇进行酯化反应,制备新型生物基材料,利用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振波谱(1H NMR,13C NMR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)表征其分子结构。采用相分离法将新型生物基材料制备为微纳米胶囊,包载戊唑醇(Teb),形成载药微纳米胶囊。通过动态光散射(DLS)和透射电镜(TEM)测定载药微纳米胶囊的粒径。通过紫外光谱测试其包封率和缓释性能。利用培养基法探究其抑菌效果,并初步进行防效试验。[结果]成功获得3种新型纳米生物基载戊唑醇微纳米胶囊,粒径为200~300 nm,包封率分别为72.5%、69.7%和71.1%,具有良好缓释性能,累积释药率分别为85.5%、75.2%和51.6%(戊唑醇乙酸乙酯溶液空白对照累积释药率为100%),其释药规律符合Peppas动力学方程,干腐菌抑菌率分别为32.4%、28.8%和23.8%(戊唑醇乙酸乙酯溶液抑菌率为0%),与98%戊唑醇的防治效果相比,3种载药纳米胶囊对核桃干腐菌具有较好的长期防治效果。[结论]本研究制备的新型纳米生物基农药缓释胶囊表现出良好的缓释效果,能够延长抑菌剂防治核桃干腐病的有效期,达到改善传统防效的目的。有关结果不仅为核桃干腐病病原的防治提供新技术,而且制备的纳米材料可为防病药物提供新的包载材料。

关键词: 生物基材料, 纳米胶囊, 戊唑醇, 缓释性, 抑菌性, 核桃干腐病病原

Abstract: [Objective] Carya cathayensis canker disease reduced the yield of pecan by 10%-50%, causing serious economic losses. The pathogen mainly infects the bark cells in the form of mycelium, multiplies through the spores and produce metabolites that have poisonous effects on the host cells, causing diseased spots in the trees and causing tree ulcer disease. In order to improve the control efficiency of C. cathayensis, we designed the reaction route, synthesized new bio-based materials were, and prepared micro-nano capsules that contained botryosphaeria dothidea fungicide, to obtain the new nano-bio-based pesticide release capsules with good release properties and antibacterial effects.[Method] Sodium alginate (SA), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) were used as raw materials to prepare new bio-based materials by esterification reaction with cholesterol by DCC and DMAP activation method, respectively. The molecular structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR, 13C NMR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The new bio-based materials were used to prepare the micro-nano capsules by phase separation method to coat tebuconazole (Teb). The particle size of drug-loaded nanocapsules was measured by dynamic light scattering apparatus (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Encapsulation efficiency and slow release performance were measured by UV spectroscopy. Antibacterial effect was explored by using medium method and preliminary control experiment was conducted. [Result] The results showed that three novel nanobiosided tebuconazole microcapsules were successfully obtained. The particle size was 200-300 nm and the encapsulation rates were 72.5%, 69.7% and 71.1%, respectively. The cumulative release rates were 85.5%, 75.2% and 51.6%, respectively (the cumulative release rate of tebuconazole ethyl acetate, served as blank control, was 100%), and the release rate was in accordance with Peppas Kinetic equation. The good inhibitory rate of C. cathayensis canker disease was 32.4%, 28.8% and 23.8%, respectively (the tebuconazole ethyl acetate solution was 0%). Three kinds of drug loaded nanocapsules had good control effect for C. cathayensis canker disease of hickory, compared with the control effect of 98% tebuconazole. [Conclusion] The new nano-bio-based pesticide sustained-release capsules prepared in this study showed a good sustained-release effect, which was able to prolong the effective period of bacteriostat against C. cathayensis canker and achieve the purpose of improving the traditional control effect. The results not only provide a new technology for controlling the pathogen of C. cathayensis, but also provide new entrapment materials for anti-disease drugs.

Key words: Bio-based materials, nanocapsules, tebuconazole, sustained release, bacteriostatic, pathogen of carya cathayensis

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