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林业科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (5): 101-108.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20180511

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

木质阻尼复合材料的隔声性能

刘美宏, 彭立民, 傅峰, 宋博骐, 王东   

  1. 中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所 北京 100091
  • 收稿日期:2017-02-15 修回日期:2017-09-20 出版日期:2018-05-25 发布日期:2018-06-05
  • 基金资助:
    "十二五"国家科技支撑计划课题"木质隔声和发热新材料制造关键技术与示范"(2015BAD14B04)。

Sound Insulation Performance of Wooden Damping Composites

Liu Meihong, Peng Limin, Fu Feng, Song Boqi, Wang Dong   

  1. Research Institute of Wood Industry, CAF Beijing 100091
  • Received:2017-02-15 Revised:2017-09-20 Online:2018-05-25 Published:2018-06-05

摘要: [目的]将单层木质材料与高分子阻尼材料多层复合,通过优化材料参数,获得一种质轻、厚度薄、隔声性能较佳的新型隔声复合材料,为木质阻尼复合材料声学性能研究提供新思路。[方法]将中密度纤维板(MDF)与橡胶材料(R)在热压温度100℃、热压压力3 MPa、热压时间10 min、涂胶量64 g·m-2的工艺条件下复合,制备的复合材料的弹性模量(MOE)为3 490 MPa,弯曲强度(MOR)为30.9 MPa,内结合强度为1.24 MPa,在减少涂胶量和提高生产效率的基础上,满足复合材料使用的力学性能。采用全因子试验,利用阻抗管测试复合材料的隔声性能,探讨MDF和R厚度及密度对其隔声性能的影响规律。借助SPSS软件分析材料参数对其隔声性能影响的显著性和相关性,确定每个参数对隔声性能的影响规律。[结果]MDF厚度对复合材料的隔声性能具有显著影响,MDF厚度从3 mm增加到5 mm,其计权隔声量增加5 dB。在低频段,复合材料受自身劲度控制,其隔声性能受面密度和阻尼性能的影响非常小。MDF厚度增加,刚度增加,板材抵抗弯曲变形的能力增强。随着MDF厚度增加,面密度增加,受相同频率入射声波激发引起的振动速度越小,隔声量越大。阻尼比从0.176增加到0.258,增加了31.8%,复合材料阻尼性能增加,使得吻合谷变浅隔声量增加。R厚度对复合材料隔声性能的影响呈较强的正相关,相关系数为0.979,随着R厚度从0.8 mm增加到2 mm,其计权隔声量增加了7 dB。在低频段为劲度控制区,隔声性能主要受刚度控制,刚度越大,复合材料的隔声曲线斜率较大,增加幅度越大。随着入射声频提高,越过劲度控制区,共振影响逐渐消失,进入质量控制区。随着面密度增加,复合材料的隔声性能增加。到达高频时,隔声性能主要受阻尼性能控制。复合材料的阻尼比从0.065增加到0.201,阻尼比越大,复合材料的阻尼性能越好。随着复合材料的阻尼性能提高,抑制了板材共振,提高了共振频率处的隔声量;使得临界频率向高频移动,抑制了吻合效应。R密度增加,复合材料的计权隔声量从36 dB提高到37 dB,隔声性能增加不明显,R密度增加对材料的隔声性能影响不显著。[结论]中密度纤维板(MDF)与橡胶材料(R)的厚度对复合材料的隔声性能影响较大,R密度对复合材料的隔声性能几乎无影响。MDF和R厚度及密度过大或过小,都不利于复合材料隔声性能的提高。通过分析材料参数对其隔声性能的影响规律,最终确定MDF厚度2 mm,R厚度2 mm,R密度2.3 g·cm-3,在此条件下木质阻尼复合材料的隔声性能较优。

关键词: 木质材料, 橡胶材料, 多层复合, 阻尼性能, 隔声性能

Abstract: [Objective] In order to obtain new composite material with properties of light, thin and good acoustic insulation performance, the single homogeneous wooden material was composited with the polymer multilayer damping material, and the parameters of wooden damping composites were optimized.[Method] Medium density fiberboard (MDF) and rubber material (R) were composited under the following manufacture conditions: the hot pressing temperature was 100 ℃, the hot pressing pressure was 3 MPa, the hot pressing time was 10min and the coating amount was 64 g. The mechanical properties of wooden damping composites were determined as following: modulus of elastic (MOE) was 3 490 MPa, flexural strength (MOR) was 30.9 MPa and internal bond strength was 1.24 MPa. On the basis of reducing the amount of coating and improving the production efficiency, the mechanical properties of the wooden damping composites were satisfied. Using the all-factor experiment, the impedance tube was applied to investigate the effects of thickness and density of MDF and R on sound insulation performance. The influence extent of each composite parameter on the sound insulation performance was analyzed and determined by SPSS19.0. [Result] MDF thickness showed a significant impact on the sound insulation performance, with the MDF thickness increased from 3 mm to 5 mm, the weighted sound insulation increased from 34 dB to 39 dB, an increase of 5 dB. In the low frequency band, the sound insulation performance of wooden damping composites were controlled by its own stiffness, therefore, the sound insulation performance was influenced by surface density and damping properties to a small extent. With the increase of MDF thickness, the vibration velocity decreased and the sound insulation increased, which attributed to the same frequency incident acoustic excitation. The damping ratio increased from 0.176 to 0.258 with the increase of MDF thickness, an increase of 31.8%. Therefore, the higher damping performance, the greater sound insulation was found. The R thickness showed a significant correlation with the sound insulation performance and the correlation coefficient was 0.979. As the R thickness increased from 0.8 mm to 2 mm, the weighted sound insulation increased from 30 dB to 37 dB, an increase of 7 dB. In the low frequency band, the sound insulation performance was mainly controlled by the stiffness. The slope of sound insulation curve was increased with the increasing stiffness. With the increase of the incident frequency, over the stiffness control area, the resonance effect was gradually disappeared and moved to the quality control area. With the increased of the surface density, the sound insulation performance of the wooden damping composites increased. When the high frequency was reached, the sound insulation performance was mainly controlled by damping performance. The damping ratio of the wooden damping composite increased from 0.065 to 0.201. The higher the damping ratio, the better the damping performance of the composite materials was found. With the increase of the damping performance, the resonance of the plate was suppressed, and the sound insulation at the resonant frequency was improved. The critical frequency moved to high frequency range, which inhibited the anastomosis effects, and the weir valley became shallow and the sound insulation increased. With the R density increased, the weighted sound insulation increased from 36 dB to 37 dB, non-significant effect of R density on sound insulation performance was observed. [Conclusion] The thickness of MDF and R have a great effect on the sound insulation performance of wooden damping composites, and the R density has little effect on the sound insulation performance. The better acoustic damping properties of wooden damping composites were achieved with the following parameters: the MDF thickness was 2 mm, the R thickness was 2 mm and the R density was 2.3 g·cm-3.

Key words: wooden materials, rubber materials, multi-layer composite, damping performance, sound insulation performance

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