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林业科学 ›› 2017, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (12): 84-92.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20171209

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄土高原刺槐纯林的土壤-菌根关系及随林龄的变化

陈雪冬1, 唐明2, 张新璐2, 周远博2, 韦素贞3, 盛敏2   

  1. 1. 西北农林科技大学生命科学学院 杨凌 712100;
    2. 西北农林科技大学林学院 杨凌 712100;
    3. 威海海洋职业学院食品工程系 荣成 264300
  • 收稿日期:2016-12-13 修回日期:2017-09-21 出版日期:2017-12-25 发布日期:2018-01-13
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年项目(31400524);陕西省自然科学基金项目(2015JQ3063);西北农林科技大学基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2014YB075)。

Variation of the Relationships between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Soil Properties with Different Stand Age of Robinia pseudoacacia Plantations on the Loess Plateau

Chen Xuedong1, Tang Ming2, Zhang Xinlu2, Zhou Yuanbo2, Wei Suzhen3, Sheng Min2   

  1. 1. College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University Yangling 712100;
    2. College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University Yangling 712100;
    3. Department of Food Engineering, Weihai Ocean Vocational College Rongcheng 264300
  • Received:2016-12-13 Revised:2017-09-21 Online:2017-12-25 Published:2018-01-13

摘要: [目的]通过分析黄土高原不同林龄刺槐纯林中AM真菌侵染水平、植株养分状况和土壤理化性质,阐明"菌根-刺槐-土壤"三者之间的内在联系,揭示影响不同林龄刺槐纯林生长的关键因子,为黄土高原人工刺槐纯林的经营管理及深入研究植被恢复后生态效益的发挥提供理论依据。[方法]选取位于陕西省长武县王东沟流域的草地(0年)和11、23、35和46年生的刺槐纯林,采集刺槐枝、根及其根际土,测定AM真菌侵染率和孢子密度、枝和根中养分含量、土壤理化性质以及易提取球囊霉素含量。[结果]1)随林龄的增加,AM真菌侵染率呈先增加后维持稳定的趋势,孢子密度呈直线上升的趋势。2)刺槐根和枝中养分状况与林龄显著相关,其中以根中钾、锌、铁、锰以及枝中氮、铜、锌、钾、铁、锰、钙、镁含量与林龄关系最为密切。3)随林龄的增加,土壤速效钾含量显著增加,硝态氮含量呈先增后减再增加的趋势,而易提取球囊霉素含量则呈直线下降的趋势。4)总的来说,土壤理化性质、AM真菌和植株养分状况与刺槐生长均有关,但刺槐林龄与各因子间的相互关系是随林龄而变化的。其中,11和23年生刺槐主要与枝中钾、锰、钙、镁、铁和锌含量呈正相关;35年生刺槐与枝中氮和铜含量、土壤速效钾含量、AM真菌侵染率和孢子密度呈正相关;46年生刺槐与根中钾和铁含量、AM真菌孢子密度、土壤速效钾和硝态氮含量呈正相关。[结论]1)刺槐纯林地土壤理化性质、AM真菌侵染状况、易提取球囊霉素及植株养分含量与其林龄有关。2)不同林龄刺槐生长状况与土壤理化性质、AM真菌和植株养分状况间的相互关系不同,其中,中幼龄(11~23年生)刺槐林的生长状况主要依赖于地上部养分状况,而成熟(35~46年生)刺槐林则受植株地上和地下部养分状况、AM真菌及土壤中氮、钾储量等因素的综合影响。

关键词: 刺槐, 土壤性质, AM真菌, 植株营养

Abstract: [Objective] Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, forming the symbiosis with the majority of terrestrial plants, can facilitate host plants to absorb nutrients from soils and thus improve plant growth. This study aimed to investigate the relationships among AM fungi, plants and soil physical-chemical properties, and to determine the factors affecting the different-aged black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) growth on the Loess Plateau of China. These result could provide a scientific basis for managing black locust plantation and further reveal their important role in environmental protection.[Method] This study was conducted in Wangdonggou watershed region at Changwu County, Shaanxi Province, China. Soil, shoot and root samples were collected in a chronosequence of black locust plantations including stands 0 (grassland), 11, 23, 35 and 46 years old stands. Soil physical-chemical properties, shoot and root nutrient contents, easily extracted glomalin contents, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal colonization rate and spore density were measured.[Result] 1) Along the chronosequence, AM fungal colonization rate firstly increased and then maintained stability, and AM fungal spore density increased linearly; 2) Stand age was significantly correlated with the nutrients status of black locust roots and shoots such as contents of K, Zn, Fe, Mn in roots and N, Cu, Zn, K, Mn, Ca, Mg in shoots; 3) With the increasing stand age, soil available K increased, soil NO3--N firstly increased, then decreased and finally increased, and easily extracted glomalin content decreased linearly; 4) In general, black locust growth was synthetically affected by soil physical-chemical properties, AM fungi and plant nutrient status, whereas the factors positively affecting black locust growth varied with stand age. Specially, the growth of 11 and 23 years old black locust was positively correlated with contents of shoot K, Mn, Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn; the 35 years old black locust was positively correlated with contents of soil available K, shoot N and Cu, AM fungal colonization rate and spore density; the 46 years old black locust was positively correlated with AM fungal spore density and contents of root K and Fe, soil available K and NO3--N.[Conclusion] 1) Soil physical-chemical properties, AM fungal attributes and plant nutrients varied along the chronosequence of black locust. 2) The influencing factors of black locust growth changed as black locust aged. More specially, the growth of young black locust (11-23 years) mainly depended on shoot nutrient status, while, the growth of mature black locust (35-46 years) was synthetically affected by shoot and root nutrient status, AM fungal attributes and soil N and K content.

Key words: Robinia pseudoacacia, soil properties, AM fungi, plant nutrient

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