广西马尾松第2代育种群体的组建

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20170107

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的] 基于广西马尾松第1代育种群体的8片20年生及以上的子代测定林测定试验，在综合评价育种目标性状与遗传多样性的基础上，选择建立马尾松第2代育种群体，为马尾松高世代育种研究提供重要材料。[方法] 采用SAS分析软件依据线性模型对子代生长量数据进行统计分析，并据此进行第2代优树选择。采用SSR分子标记对第2代优树进行遗传多样性分析、亲本分析及遗传距离估算，根据优树间遗传距离对第2代育种群体进行结构划分。[结果] 在参试的子代测定林中，参试家系间在生长性状上均达到极显著差异；多数子代林的材积指标家系遗传力处于中等以上水平（h²≥0.2），适于开展优良家系选择。基于此，采用配合选择与单株选择相结合的方法选择出第2代育种群体材料163株，平均遗传增益为21.95%。采用16对SSR引物对该第2代育种材料进行遗传多样性研究，16个位点共检测到45个等位变异。每个位点平均观察等位基因数（N_A）为2.7，多态率为100%；平均有效等位基因数（N_e）为1.54；Shannon多样性指数（I）平均为0.49；平均观测杂合度（H_o）为0.32。采用Coancestry Version 1.0软件计算出第2代育种群体的平均共祖系数为0.042，育种群体状态数为11.9；根据16对SSR引物的扩增结果，采用CERVUS2.0软件对构建的第2代育种群体材料进行父本分析，发现在包含163个优树的第2代群体中，有57个个体在置信度95%的情况下可以确定父本，另有102个个体在置信度80%的情况下能够确定父本。为了有效避免高世代杂交育种过程中发生近交，以遗传距离为指标对第2代育种群体材料进行聚类，根据距离聚类结果将163个体划分为10个亚系，编号为桂GC2-A—桂GC2-J。在建立马尾松第2代种子园时，拟采用以下策略：从每个亚系中选择一定数量的最佳无性系作为精选群体建园；在进行下一代杂交育种时，进行亚系间的交配，使育种群体整体的近交程度保持在一个相对较低的水平。[结论] 根据研究结果初步建立了由163株优树组成的广西马尾松第2代育种群体。该群体具有较高的遗传多样性，个体间的近交程度较低。根据遗传距离对第2代育种群体进行亚系划分，设计出“系间杂交、系内慎交”的高世代杂交育种策略，可有效避免近交，为有计划地开展马尾松高世代杂交育种奠定基础。

关键词: 马尾松, 育种群体, SSR, 遗传多样性, 亲本分析

Abstract: [Objective] This study was based on 8 older-than-15-years progeny tests of the first generation breeding population of Masson pine(Pinus massoniana) in Guangxi. On the basis of comprehensive evaluation of breeding objectives and genetic diversity, a second generation breeding populations of Masson pine was established. [Method] Progeny growth data was analyzed using the SAS software which was based on linear model, and according to the results, second generation plus trees were selected. SSR markers were used to analyze genetic diversity of the second generation plus trees, parental analysis and genetic distance estimation. According to the genetic distance among the 2^nd-generation plus trees, the second generation breeding populations was structured.[Result] In the progeny tests, the two families were significantly different in growth tratits. Most progenies have a family heritability above the medium level (h²≥0.2) in volume which was suitable for the selection of superior families. Based on this, selection of second generation of breeding population can use the combined individual selection and mass selection. 163 trees were selected from the progeny tests, and the average genetic gain was 21.95%. The genetic diversity of the second generation breeding materials was studied by using 16 pairs of SSR primers. A total of 45 alleles were detected at 16 loci. The mean number of alleles (N_a) per locus was 2.7, polymorphism rate was 100%; the mean number of effective alleles (N_e) per locus was 1.54; Shannon diversity index (I) was 0.49 and the average observed heterozygosity (H_o) was 0.32. Using the Coancestry Version 1.0 software to calculate the average second-generation breeding population, the coancestry coefficient was 0.042 and the breeding population status number was 11.9. According to the 16 pairs of SSR primers amplified, second generation breeding population of male parents were analyzed by the CERVUS2.0 software, and the results indicated that the second generation of the 163 tress, male parent could be determined for 57 individuals under the 95% confidence level, and for other 102 individuals under the 80% confidence level. In order to avoid inbreeding in advanced generations, the second generation breeding populations were clustered with the genetic distance index. According to the results of distance clustering, the 163 individuals were divided into 10 sub-lines, numbered from Gui GC2-A-Gui GC2-J. In the establishment of the second generation seed orchard of Masson pine, following strategies was proposed for 2^nd-generation seed orchard: a certain number of best clones from each sub-line were chosen to establish 2^nd generation seed orchard; mating among the sub-lines was adopted in cross breeding of the next generation, so that the overall level of inbreeding in the breeding population can be maintained at a relatively low level. [Conclusion] According to preliminary results, the second generation breeding population of Masson pine in Guangxi was composed of 163 trees. This population had a high genetic diversity, and a low degree of inbreeding among individuals. The second generation breeding population was clustered by the genetic distance, and the strategies of advanced-generation cross breeding were designed: large scale hybridization was carried out among the sub-lines, but only the small scale hybridization experiment was carried out in the sub-lines. The strategy can be applied to effectively avoid inbreeding, laying a foundation for advanced-generation cross breeding of Masson pine.

Key words: Pinus massoniana, breeding population, SSR, genetic diversity, parentage analysis

中图分类号:

S718.46

冯源恒, 李火根, 杨章旗, 黄永利, 罗群凤, 张远. 广西马尾松第2代育种群体的组建[J]. 林业科学, 2017, 53(1): 54-61.

Feng Yuanheng, Li Huogen, Yang Zhangqi, Huang Yongli, Luo Qunfeng, Zhang Yuan. Construction of Second Generation Breeding Population of Pinus massoniana in Guangxi[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2017, 53(1): 54-61.

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