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林业科学 ›› 2015, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (5): 1-11.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20150501

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

地表人工覆盖对宁夏沙化土壤保水能力的影响

李志刚1,2, 李健2, 谢应忠1   

  1. 1. 宁夏大学农学院 银川 750021;
    2. 种苗生物工程国家重点实验室 银川 750004
  • 收稿日期:2014-09-15 修回日期:2015-04-10 出版日期:2015-05-25 发布日期:2015-06-11
  • 通讯作者: 谢应忠
  • 基金资助:

    引进国际先进林业科学技术项目(2013-04-79);国家林业公益性行业科研专项(201304311);国家国际合作专项(2011DFG32780)。

Effects of Surface Artificial Cover on Water Holding Capacity of Desertified Soils in Ningxia

Li Zhigang1,2, Li Jian2, Xie Yingzhong1   

  1. 1. School of Agriculture, Ningxia University Yinchuan 750021;
    2. State Key Laboratory of The Seedling Bioengineering Yinchuan 750004
  • Received:2014-09-15 Revised:2015-04-10 Online:2015-05-25 Published:2015-06-11

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654

摘要：

【目的】 研究地表人工覆盖对宁夏沙化土壤保水能力的影响,以期为宁夏沙化土地的生态建设及农业生产提供技术支持,同时促进当地林木废弃物的循环利用。【方法】 以宁夏当地新疆杨树枝条碎屑和垂柳树枝条为添加物或覆盖物,对宁夏贺兰山东麓银川腹部沙地有灌溉和无灌溉土壤设置4种处理(每处理5个重复),即添加木屑(CA)、覆盖木屑(CM)、添加木屑+覆盖枝条(CA+BM)和不做任何处理的对照(CK),探讨地表人工覆盖对沙化土壤蓄水量、土壤温度、土壤密度、总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、饱和持水量、毛管持水量和非毛管持水量的影响。【结果】 灌溉条件下土壤蓄水量表现为CA+BM> CA> CM> CK,平均值分别为19.14,18.27,14.65和10.20 mm; 无灌溉条件下土壤蓄水量表现为 CA+BM> CM> CA> CK,平均值分别为10.95,10.05,7.75和6.92 mm。灌溉条件下土壤日均温度和日最大温度均表现为CA+BM< CM< CA,CK,其中CA和CK的土壤日均温度和日最大温度间变化不明显,CA+BM,CM,CA和CK的土壤日均温度平均值分别为24.16,25.37,26.66和26.27 ℃,土壤日最大温度平均值分别为26.72,27.73,31.77和31.88 ℃; 无灌溉条件下土壤日均温度和日最大温度均表现为CA+BM< CM< CA< CK,日均温度平均值分别为24.50,25.67,26.76和27.20 ℃,日最大温度平均值分别为27.23,27.92,31.09和32.74 ℃。土壤密度在灌溉和无灌溉条件下均表现为CA+BM,CA< CM,CK 的趋势,CA+BM和CA间差异不显著(P> 0.05),CM和CK间差异亦不显著(P> 0.05)。土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度在灌溉和无灌溉的条件下均表现为CA+BM> CA> CM> CK。 土壤饱和持水量、毛管持水量和非毛管持水量在灌溉条件下表现为CA+BM> CA> CM,CK,CM和CK间差异不显著(P> 0.05); 在无灌溉条件下表现为CA+BM,CA> CM,CK,CA+BM和CA间差异不显著(P> 0.05),CM和CK间差异亦不显著(P> 0.05)。【结论】 添加、覆盖木屑以及添加木屑+覆盖枝条均能有效提高沙化土壤的持水能力。相关分析结果表明: 覆盖木屑或枝条主要通过降低土壤温度、抑制蒸发保持土壤水分; 添加木屑主要通过改善土壤水分物理性质保持土壤水分; 而添加木屑+覆盖枝条则通过降低土壤温度和改善土壤水分物理性质的双重作用来保持土壤水分。不同处理方式可以根据当地实际情况有选择地在生态建设和农业生产中应用。

关键词: 覆盖, 木屑, 林木枝条, 沙化土壤, 水分保持能力, 宁夏

Abstract:

【Objective】 The effects of surface artificial cover on water holding capacity of desertified soils in Ningxia was studied in order to provide technology support to ecological construction and agricultural production for local desertified lands, and to promote recycling of local forest residues.【Method】 Wood chips produced from poplar trees and branches of willow trees were used respectively as additions to the surface soil and mulch. Experiments were set up in soils with and without irrigation in the center of Yinchuan Desert in the eastern foot of Helan Mountain in Ningxia with four treatments each with five replications: addition of wood chips into the surface soil (CA), cover with mulch (CM), addition of wood chips plus cover with branches (CA+BM), and control (CK). Effects of the four treatments on soil water storage, soil temperature, soil bulk density, total porosity, capillary porosity, non capillary porosity, saturated water holding capacity, capillary water holding capacity and non capillary water holding capacity were tested. 【Result】Soil water storage showed a tendency as CA+BM> CA> CM> CK under irrigated condition, and their mean values were 19.14, 18.27, 14.65,and 10.20 mm respectively. However, the tendency was CA+BM> CM> CA> CK under unirrigated condition, and their mean values were 10.95, 10.05, 7.75,and 6.92 mm respectively. Both daily mean temperature and daily maximal temperature showed in order of CA+BM< CM< CA and CK under irrigated condition, and found there was no regular change between CA and CK, the mean values obtained from daily mean temperature of CA+BM, CM, CA and CK were 24.16, 25.37, 26.66,and 26.27 ℃ respectively, from daily maximal temperature were 26.72, 27.73, 31.77,and 31.88 ℃ respectively; however, both temperatures showed in order of CA+BM< CM< CA< CK under unirrigated condition, and the mean values from daily mean temperature were 24.50, 25.67, 26.76,and 27.20 ℃ respectively, from daily maximal temperature were 27.23, 27.92, 31.09,and 32.74 ℃ respectively. Soil density presented as CA+BM and CA< CM and CK under both irrigated and unirrigated conditions, and there was no significant difference not only between CA+BM and CA, but also between CM and CK (P> 0.05). The tendency of total porosity, capillary porosity and no capillary porosity presented as CA+BM> CA> CM> CK under both irrigated and unirrigated conditions. While saturated water holding capacity, capillary water holding capacity and non capillary water holding capacity showed CA+BM> CA> CM and CK under irrigated condition, and found there were no significant difference between CM and CK (P> 0.05). However, they changed as CA+BM and CA> CM and CK under unirrigated condition, and there were no significant difference not only between CA+BM and CA, but also between CM and CK (P> 0.05). 【Conclusion】All strategies of branch addition, mulch and addition plus mulch can increase water holding capacity of desertified soils. Correlation analysis indicated that cover with wood chips or branches on soil surface for water conservation was by lowering soil temperature and preventing evaporation, addition of wood chips to soils to conserve soil water was by improving physical properties of soil water. Addition of wood chips addition plus cover with branches to conserve soil water by both lowering soil temperature and improving soil physical properties. So, all strategies in this study can be chosen and applied in ecological construction and agricultural production of desertified soil according to local practical condition.

Key words: mulch, chips, tree branches, desertification soil, water holding capacity, Ningxia

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