卫星跟踪青海湖繁殖地渔鸥的迁徙路线*

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20080419

林业科学 ›› 2008, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 99-104.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20080419

卫星跟踪青海湖繁殖地渔鸥的迁徙路线*

楚国忠^１侯韵秋^１张国钢^１刘冬平^１戴铭^１江红星^１张德海^２

(1.中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所北京100091；2.青海湖国家级自然保护区西宁810008)

收稿日期:2007-10-31 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2008-04-25 发布日期:2008-04-25
通讯作者: 侯韵秋

Satellite Tracking Migration Route of Great Black_Headed Gulls Breeding at Qinghai Lake，China

Chu Guozhong¹,Hou Yunqiu¹,Zhang Guogang¹,Liu Dongping¹,Dai Ming¹,Jiang Hongxing¹,Zhang Dehai²

(1．Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection， CAF Beijing 100091;2.Qinghai Lake National Nature Reserve Xining 810008)

Received:2007-10-31 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2008-04-25 Published:2008-04-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2006年7月下旬至2007年7月底，共有4只佩带卫星信号发射器（PTT）的渔鸥完成秋季和春季迁徙并返回青海湖。ARGOS公司提供的信息表明，渔鸥最早离开青海湖繁殖地的时间是8月2日，最晚在8月14日。离开青海湖后没有直接飞往越冬地，而是在青海湖周围游荡或逗留。游荡或逗留地点距离青海湖最近约200 km，最远约1 300 km，逗留时间长达80余天。4只渔鸥的越冬地点都在孟加拉湾，与青海湖间的直线距离约2 100 km。最早到达越冬地的日期是11月3日，最迟12月3日，历时81～116 d。渔鸥在孟加拉湾的居留时间长达4个月（118～149 d）。最早离开的日期是3月1日，最迟3月30日。最早返回青海湖的日期是3月23日，最迟4月17日。除1只以外，其他3只渔鸥的春、秋2季迁徙路线很不相同。春季迁徙历时最短只用6 d，另外3只分别历时15、18和32 d。历时32 d的渔鸥先到宁夏逗留20 d，然后再返回青海湖。结合分析春、秋2季的迁徙路线，分别确定了不同迁徙季节的主要停歇地点。

关键词: 卫星跟踪, 青海湖, 渔鸥, 迁徙, 孟加拉湾

Abstract:

From July of 2006 to July of 2007, four Great Black headed Gulls (Larus ichthyaetus) installed with PTTs at Qinghai Lake were tracked accomplishing autumn and spring migration and returning to the breeding site. According to the signals received from ARGOS, the first gull left Qinghai Lake on 2nd of August and the last one on 14th of August. The four gulls migrated towards four different directions, and made several stopovers about 200～1 300 km away from Qinghai Lake, with the longest stop of over 80 d before arriving at the wintering ground, Bengal Bay which is about 2 100 km away from Qinghai Lake. The first gull arrived at Bengal Bay on 3rd of November, and the latest one on 3rd of December, and they spent 81～116 d in their migrations. After four months (118～149 d) stay in Bengal Bay, the gulls left the wintering site in succession from the first of March to 30thof March in the next year, and arrived at Qinghai Lake from 23th of March to 17th of April. The results showed the spring migration routes of all the gulls expect for one were different from that of autumn ones. One of them might fly directly towards breeding site, and arrived at Qinghai Lake in 6 d, while the other 3 gulls took 15, 18 and 32 d, respectively. The latest one arriving at Qinghai Lake stopped at the Yellow River of Ninxia for 20 d before coming backed to the Qinghai Lake. Based on the spring and autumn migration routes, some important stopovers sites were determined in the paper.

Key words: satellitetracking;Qinghai Lake;Great Black\, headed Gull;migration;Bengal Bay

楚国忠侯韵秋张国钢刘冬平戴铭江红星张德海. 卫星跟踪青海湖繁殖地渔鸥的迁徙路线*[J]. 林业科学, 2008, 44(4): 99-104.

Chu Guozhong;Hou Yunqiu;Zhang Guogang;Liu Dongping;Dai Ming;Jiang Hongxing;Zhang Dehai. Satellite Tracking Migration Route of Great Black_Headed Gulls Breeding at Qinghai Lake，China[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2008, 44(4): 99-104.

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卫星跟踪青海湖繁殖地渔鸥的迁徙路线*

Satellite Tracking Migration Route of Great Black_Headed Gulls Breeding at Qinghai Lake，China

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