基于地基激光雷达点云的桉树单木参数提取与地上碳储量测定

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240701

林业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (3): 88-99.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240701

基于地基激光雷达点云的桉树单木参数提取与地上碳储量测定

范光鹏^1,³,许亮亮¹,蔡会德^2,^5,^6,*(),徐占勇^2,⁵,孟想^2,⁵,邵亚奎⁴,卢峰^2,⁵

1. 北京林业大学信息学院　北京 100083
2. 广西壮族自治区森林资源与生态环境监测中心　南宁 530029
3. 北京林业大学精准林业北京市重点实验室　北京 100083
4. 中国林业科学研究院资源信息所　北京 100091
5. 广西大瑶山森林生态系统定位观测研究站　来宾 545700
6. 广西桂林城市生态系统定位观测研究站　桂林 541006

收稿日期:2024-11-19 修回日期:2025-11-10 出版日期:2026-03-15 发布日期:2026-03-12
通讯作者: 蔡会德 E-mail:Chd8952@163.com
基金资助:
广西重点研发计划项目（桂科AB24010012）；广西林业科技推广示范项目（2024GXLK08）；省部重点实验室开放基金（KF2024MS03；TDSYS202403）。

Extraction of Individual Eucalyptus Tree Parameters and Determination of Aboveground Carbon Stock Based on Terrestrial LiDAR Point Clouds

Guangpeng Fan^1,³,Liangliang Xu¹,Huide Cai^2,^5,^6,*(),Zhanyong Xu^2,⁵,Xiang Meng^2,⁵,Yakui Shao⁴,Feng Lu^2,⁵

1. School of Information Technology, Beijing Forestry University　Beijing 100083
2. Forest Resources and Eeological Environment Monitoring Center of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region　Nanning 530029
3. Key Laboratory of Precision Forestry, Beijing Forestry University　Beijing 10083
4. Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, Chinese Academy of Forestry　Beijing 100091
5. Guangxi Dayaoshan Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station　Guangxi 545700
6. Guangxi Guilin Urban Ecosystem Positioning Observation and Research Station　Guilin 541006

Received:2024-11-19 Revised:2025-11-10 Online:2026-03-15 Published:2026-03-12
Contact: Huide Cai E-mail:Chd8952@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 提出一种基于地基激光雷达点云的单木地上碳储量测定新方法，以解决同种树木不同个体因存在枝干形态和冠层结构差异增加异速生长方程估算单木材积或碳储量的不确定性问题，提升单木结构重建完整性和地上碳储量测量精度。方法: 基于空间殖民建模思想重建桉树单木并测定地上碳储量，包括枝干分离、骨架提取与优化、三维重建、单木参数提取和地上碳储量计算等步骤。采用逐层判断和聚类方法分离主干和树枝点云，避免树木下垂分支导致的判断错误。通过优化与调整骨架去除细小冗余分支，对属于同一条树枝的近平行枝进行融合。利用Cardinal曲线插值算法补全骨架点云缺失部分，树木骨架膨胀生成单木高精度三维几何模型。基于单木枝干三维结构提取体积，结合实地采伐的41株桉树样木解析、称量与测定的木材密度和含碳率进一步转换为单木地上碳储量。结果: 基于地基激光雷达点云的单木地上碳储量测定新方法提取单木参数的精度为：树高测定值与参考值线性拟合R²为0.94，CV(RMSE)为19.00%；胸径测定值与参考值线性拟合R²为0.94，CV(RMSE)为19.00%；树干体积测定值与参考值线性拟合R²为0.94，CV(RMSE)为 19.00%；树枝体积测定值与参考值线性拟合R²为0.95，CV(RMSE)为 38.84%。单木地上碳储量测定值与参考值线性拟合R²为0.96，CV(RMSE)为16.23%。结论: 通过提取桉树单木材积参数并与实测密度和含碳率结合测定碳储量，侧重解决桉树个体形态和结构造成的地上碳储量测定差异，可为林业数表编制、智慧林业及林业碳汇计量与交易提供技术支撑。

关键词: 地基激光雷达点云, 树木结构, 三维重建, 空间殖民算法, 地上碳储量

Abstract:

Objective: The differences in stem morphology and canopy structure among individuals of the same tree species result in the uncertainties in estimating individual tree volume or carbon stock based on allometric growth equations. To address the uncertainties, this study developed a new method for three-dimensional measurement of individual tree aboveground carbon stock based on terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) point clouds. Method: The concept of space colonization modeling was based to reconstruct individual Eucalyptus trees in 3D and determine their aboveground carbon storage. The workflow included branch-stem separation, skeleton extraction and optimization, 3D reconstruction, and branch-stem volume calculation. Layer-by-layer judgment method combined with clustering analysis was used to separate trunk and branch point clouds, avoiding misclassification caused by drooping branches. Skeleton optimization removed redundant fine branches and merged nearly parallel branches belonging to the same branch. Cardinal curve interpolation algorithm was used to fill the missing skeleton segments, and a smoothed, completed skeleton was expanded to generate high-precision 3D geometric models of individual trees. Based on the three-dimensional structure extraction of branch and stem volumes, and combined with destructively sampling 41 Eucalyptus trees for wood density and carbon content measurements, the volume was further converted into individual tree aboveground carbon storage. Result: The accuracy of the method for extracting individual tree parameters was as follows: The linear fit of tree height measurements and reference values had an R² of 0.94 and CV(RMSE) of 19.00%, the linear fit of diameter at breast height (DBH) measurements and reference values had an R² of 0.94 and CV(RMSE) of 19.00%, the linear fit of stem volume measurements and reference values had an R² of 0.94 and CV(RMSE) of 19.00%, and the linear fit of branch volume measurements and reference values had an R² of 0.95 and CV(RMSE) of 38.84%. The method for estimating individual tree aboveground carbon stock had an accuracy of: R² of 0.96 and CV(RMSE) of 16.23% for the linear fit of measured and reference values. Conclusion: The carbon storage is directly measured by extracting individual Eucalyptus volume parameters and combining them with measured density and carbon content rate. This study focuses on addressing the differences in aboveground carbon storage measurement caused by variations in the morphology and structure of different Eucalyptus individuals, providing a technical basis for forest inventory compilation, smart forestry applications, and carbon sink accounting.

Key words: terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) point clouds, tree structure, 3D reconstruction, space colonization algorithm, aboveground carbon stock

中图分类号:

S757.3

范光鹏,许亮亮,蔡会德,徐占勇,孟想,邵亚奎,卢峰. 基于地基激光雷达点云的桉树单木参数提取与地上碳储量测定[J]. 林业科学, 2026, 62(3): 88-99.

Guangpeng Fan,Liangliang Xu,Huide Cai,Zhanyong Xu,Xiang Meng,Yakui Shao,Feng Lu. Extraction of Individual Eucalyptus Tree Parameters and Determination of Aboveground Carbon Stock Based on Terrestrial LiDAR Point Clouds[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2026, 62(3): 88-99.

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树号Tree ID	$ \rho $=0.12	$ \rho $=0.20	$ \rho_1 $=0.12， $ \rho_2 $=0.20
1	0.925 0	0.988 0	0.988 0
2	0.922 6	0.974 6	0.974 6
3	0.855 2	0.985 1	0.977 7
4	0.955 6	0.995 2	0.996 4

树号 Tree ID	距离类型 Type of distance	AdTree	PypeTree	原空间殖民算法 Original algorithm	改进算法 Improved algorithm
1	$ h\left({S}_{\rm o},{S}_{\rm std}\right) $	0.720 3	0.729 5	0.642 2	0.299 7
	$ h\left({S}_{\rm std},{S}_{\rm o}\right) $	0.378 2	1.253 6	1.314 4	1.281 8
	$ H({S}_{\rm \text{std}},{S}_{\rm o}) $	0.720 4	1.253 6	1.314 4	1.281 8
	$ {H}_{\rm avg}({S}_{\rm o},{S}_{\rm std}) $	0.113 7	0.173 4	0.090 6	0.087 4
	$ F({S}_{\rm o},{S}_{\rm std}) $	0.075 9	0.090 0	0.035 9	0.034 8
2	$ h\left({S}_{\rm std},{S}_{\rm o}\right) $	0.232 8	0.229 1	0.199 3	0.139 0
	$ h\left({S}_{\rm std},{S}_{\rm o}\right) $	0.111 6	0.329 2	0.674 6	0.675 8
	$ H({S}_{\rm \text{std}},{S}_{\rm o}) $	0.232 8	0.329 2	0.674 6	0.675 8
	$ {H}_{\rm avg}({S}_{\rm o},{S}_{\rm std}) $	0.054 1	0.086 0	0.043 8	0.042 0
	$ F({S}_{\rm o},{S}_{\rm std}) $	0.033 4	0.031 2	0.016 3	0.012 1

类别 Category	Bias/kg	rBias(%)	RMSE/kg	CV(RMSE)(%)
单木 Total tree	0.609 72	0.66	14.943 91	16.23
树干 Trunk	?2.338 48	?2.85	15.035 35	18.35
树枝 Branch	1.832 95	18.02	3.904 54	38.39

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基于地基激光雷达点云的桉树单木参数提取与地上碳储量测定

Extraction of Individual Eucalyptus Tree Parameters and Determination of Aboveground Carbon Stock Based on Terrestrial LiDAR Point Clouds

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