天府农博园主展馆GL24h欧洲云杉胶合木力学性质试验探究

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240468

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 针对进口胶合木力学性质测试方法、测试环境以及木结构设计方法与我国标准规范存在差异的问题，开展进口胶合木力学性质试验探究，总结各类试样的典型受荷特性和破坏模式并确定强度标准值，为进口胶合木强度设计值确定方法提供参考。方法: 以天府农博园主展馆使用的GL24h欧洲云杉胶合木为对象，通过无疵试样力学试验探究其原材料的受荷特性和破坏模式，在改进现行规范方法基础上确定GL24h的强度标准值和设计值，并分别与欧洲规范EN 14080: 2013和《木结构设计标准》（GB 50005—2017）进行对比。结果: EN 14080: 2013提供的GL24h横纹径向抗压强度标准值较试验值高4.60%，顺纹抗压强度低20.27%，顺纹抗拉强度、抗弯强度、弹性模量、径切面抗剪强度均低50%左右。根据GB 50005—2017确定的GL24h强度设计值较采用γ_R-V_R包络曲线确定的GL24h顺纹抗压强度、顺纹抗拉强度、抗弯强度和径切面抗剪强度设计值均偏高9%左右。结论: 当已知木结构建筑所在地荷载工况时，可参考《木结构设计标准》（GB 50005—2017）中对进口木材的强度设计值按可靠度分析结果进行修订，并结合建筑所在地的实际荷载工况组合，对进口胶合木强度设计值进行更为准确的计算。此外，仍需开展更多针对胶合木无疵试样和构件的力学试验，以确定胶合木无疵试样推导构件力学性质的统计参数。

关键词: 天府农博园, 进口胶合木, 强度设计值, 力学试验, 抗力分项系数

Abstract:

Objective: In response to the differences between the mechanical property testing methods, testing environments, and wood structure design methods of imported glued laminated timber (GLT) and China's standard specifications, a study was conducted on the mechanical property testing of imported GLT. The typical loading characteristics and failure modes of various specimens were summarized, and the strength standard values were determined to provide reference for the determination of strength design values of imported GLT. Method: Taking the GL24h European spruce (Picea abies) GLT used in the main exhibition hall of Tianfu Agricultural Expo Park as the object, the loading characteristics and failure mode of its raw materials were explored through small clear specimen mechanical tests. Based on the improvement of the current standard method, the strength standard value and design value of GL24h were determined and compared with the European standard EN 14080: 2013 and the“Standard for design of Timber structures”(GB 50005—2017), respectively. Result: Research has shown that the characteristic value of radial compressive strength of GL24h provided by EN 14080: 2013 is 4.60% higher than the experimental value, while the longitudinal compressive strength is 20.27% lower, and the longitudinal tensile strength, bending strength, elastic modulus, and radial shear strength are all about 50% lower. The design value of longitudinal compressive strength, radial compressive strength, longitudinal tensile strength, bending strength, and radial shear strength of GL24h determined by GB 50005—2017 were 9% higher than that determined by the improved γ_R-V_R envelope curve. Conclusion: When the load conditions where the timber structure building is located are known, a more accurate strength design values of imported timber can be calculated according to the reliability analysis results in the GB 50005—2017, combined with the actual load conditions. It is still necessary to further improve the method for determining the design value of strength of imported GLT.

Key words: Tianfu Agricultural Expo Park, imported glued laminated timber, design value of strength, mechanical tests, partial coefficient of resistance

中图分类号:

王忠铖,李久林,杨娜,杨应辉,苗子良,孙永良. 天府农博园主展馆GL24h欧洲云杉胶合木力学性质试验探究[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(9): 184-194.

Zhongcheng Wang,Jiulin Li,Na Yang,Yinghui Yang,Ziliang Miao,Yongliang Sun. Exploration of Mechanical Properties of GL24h European Spruce Glued Laminated Timber in the Main Exhibition Hall of Tianfu Agricultural Expo Park[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(9): 184-194.

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试验类型 Test type	样本量 Sample size	气干密度 Air-dry density/(kg·m^?3)	含水率 Moisture content (%)	加载速率 Loading rate/(mm·min^?1)
顺纹抗压Longitudinal compression	42	410.93	12.64	0.6
横纹径向抗压 Transverse radial compression	40	424.52	12.69	1.0
顺纹抗拉Longitudinal tensile	28	—	12.33	3.0
抗弯Bending	34	426.26	10.63	3.0
径切面抗剪 Radial section shear	37	—	14.68	2.0

试验类型 Test type		顺纹抗压 Longitudinal compression	横纹径向抗压 Transverse radial compression	顺纹抗拉 Longitudinal tensile	抗弯 Bending	径切面抗剪 Radial section shear
比例极限强度 Proportional ultimate strength	均值 Mean value/MPa	17.71	1.62	40.28	25.35	4.60
	标准差 Standard deviation/MPa	2.53	0.26	7.94	2.17	0.34
	变异系数 Coefficient of variation	0.147 6	0.165 6	0.200 3	0.079 9	0.084 9
极限强度 Ultimate strength	均值 Mean value/MPa	32.31	2.94	73.61	49.40	7.55
	标准差 Standard deviation/MPa	4.50	0.30	17.66	4.10	0.43
	变异系数 Coefficient of variation	0.143 7	0.104 1	0.241 1	0.078 4	0.061 4
弹性模量 Elastic modulus	均值 Mean value/MPa	—	—	—	20 538.46	—
	标准差 Standard deviation/MPa	—	—	—	3 709.63	—
	变异系数 Coefficient of variation	—	—	—	0.176 9	—

强度指标 Strength index	极限强度 Ultimate strength/MPa	标准差 Standard deviation/MPa	K₁	标准值 Standard value/MPa
顺纹抗压 Longitudinal compression	32.31	4.50	1.828	24.08
横纹径向抗压 Transverse radial compression	2.94	0.30	1.834	2.39
顺纹抗拉 Longitudinal tensile	73.61	17.66	1.878	40.44
抗弯 Bending	49.4	4.10	1.853	41.80
径切面抗剪 Radial section shear	7.55	0.43	1.842	6.76

标准值对比 Comparison of standard values	强度 Strength/MPa					弹性模量 Elastic modulus/ MPa
标准值对比 Comparison of standard values	顺纹抗压 Longitudinal compression	横纹径向抗压 Transverse radial compression	顺纹抗拉 Longitudinal tensile	抗弯 Bending	径切面抗剪 Radial section shear	弹性模量 Elastic modulus/ MPa
试验值 Test value	24.08	2.39	40.44	41.8	6.76	19 457.47
欧洲规范GL24h GL24h in European standard	19.2 (?20.27%)	2.5 (4.60%)	19.2 (?52.52%)	24 (?42.58%)	3.5 (?48.22%)	9 600 (?50.66%)
国标TC_T18 TC_T18 in national standard	21 (?12.79%)	—	20 (?50.54%)	24 (?42.58%)	—	6 500 (?66.59%)

设计值对比 Comparison of design values	强度设计值Design value of strength/MPa					弹性模量 Elastic modulus/MPa
设计值对比 Comparison of design values	顺纹抗压 Longitudinal compression	横纹径向抗压 Transverse radial compression	顺纹抗拉 Longitudinal tensile	抗弯 Bending	径切面抗剪 Radial section shear	弹性模量 Elastic modulus/MPa
γ_R包络值 Envelope value of γ_R	1.398	1.375	1.861	1.416	1.562	—
包络设计值 Envelope design value	8.06	0.81	5.66	9.80	1.87	10 750.25
γ_R规范值 Standard value of γ_R	1.067	1.051	1.409	1.069	1.182	—
规范设计值 Standard design values	8.77（8.81%）	0.88（8.64%）	6.21（9.72%）	10.77（9.90%）	2.05（9.90%）	10 750.25