油茶嫁接苗无纺布育苗容器开袋条件与力学试验分析

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240499

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 针对现阶段油茶育苗装备中缺乏对无纺布育苗容器的自动拾取、开袋和基质灌装功能，对适用油茶嫁接苗的无纺布育苗容器进行开袋条件与力学试验分析，为相关容器化育苗装备的研制提供理论依据。方法: 查阅油茶嫁接苗无纺布育苗技术相关文献并进行数据比对，结合自动给袋式灌装要求选择尺寸100 mm×120 mm的M袋型无纺布育苗袋，开展无纺布育苗袋抓取试验，基于抓取效果确定针式吸盘为开袋关键部件；以无纺布育苗袋开袋轮廓的完整性为依据进行开袋机理分析，得出吸盘与袋顶间距和开袋间距的合理范围；根据无纺布育苗袋开袋基质灌装后吸盘受力分析结果，搭建无纺布育苗袋脱落力试验平台，以开袋间距、吸盘与袋顶间距、育苗袋规格为试验因素，无纺布育苗袋脱落力为试验指标，设计多因素正交试验，利用Design-Expert 13软件进行方差和响应曲面分析，探究其最佳参数组合。结果: 开袋间距由100 mm降为80 mm的过程中，吸盘与袋顶间距越小，育苗袋脱落力越大；开袋间距由80 mm升为100 mm的过程中，吸盘与袋顶间距越大，育苗袋脱落力越大。开袋间距由100 mm降为80 mm的过程中，育苗袋质量越大，育苗袋脱落力越大；开袋间距由80 mm升为100 mm的过程中，育苗袋质量越小，育苗袋脱落力越小。吸盘与袋顶间距在10~20 mm范围内对育苗袋脱落力的变化影响不显著，育苗袋质量越大，育苗袋脱落力越大。利用Design-Expert 13软件进行优化求解，得到最佳参数组合为开袋间距80 mm、吸盘与袋顶间距15 mm、育苗袋规格厚度35 g·m^?2（100 mm×120 mm的M袋型无纺布育苗袋），该参数组合下无纺布育苗袋对针式吸盘的脱落力最大值为97.7 N。结论: 无纺布育苗袋与针式吸盘间的脱落力越大，开袋效果越稳定，开袋间距80 mm、吸盘与袋顶间距15 mm、育苗袋规格厚度35 g·m^?2（100 mm×120 mm的M袋型无纺布育苗袋）时育苗袋脱落力达最大值，同时该参数组合下开袋轮廓最为完整，无纺布育苗袋对针式吸盘的脱落力最大值为97.7 N，与验证试验得到的最大脱落力97.4 N相差较小。

关键词: 油茶嫁接苗, 无纺布育苗容器, 开袋机理, 力学试验

Abstract:

Objective: In response to the lack of automatic picking, bagging, and substrate filling functions for non-woven fabric seedling containers in current Camellia oleifera seedling equipment, this study analyzes the bagging conditions and mechanical tests of non-woven fabric seedling containers suitable for C. oleifera grafting seedlings, and provides theoretical basis for the development of related containerization equipment. Method: A literature review was conducted on the non-woven fabric seedling cultivation technology of C. oleifera grafted seedlings. Based on the requirements of automatic bag filling, an M bag non-woven fabric seedling bag with a size and bag type of 100 mm×120 mm was selected. The grabbing experiment of the non-woven fabric seedling bag was carried out, and the needle suction cup was determined as the key component for opening the bag according to the grabbing effect. Based on the integrity of the opening contour of non-woven seedling bags, the opening mechanism analysis is carried out, and the reasonable range of the distance between the suction cup and the bag top and the opening distance is obtained through experiments. Based on the analysis of the force on the suction cup after filling the non-woven seedling bag substrate, a non-woven seedling bag detachment force test platform was built. The bag opening distance, suction cup to bag top distance, and seedling bag specifications were used as experimental factors, and the non-woven seedling bag detachment force was used as the experimental indicator. A multi factor orthogonal experiment was designed, and variance analysis and response surface analysis were conducted using Design-Expert 13 software to explore the optimal combination parameters of factors. Result: During the process of reducing the bag opening distance from 100 mm to 80 mm, the smaller the distance between the suction cup and the bag top, the greater the detachment force of the seedling bag. During the process of increasing the spacing between bag openings from 80 mm to 100 mm, the larger the distance between the suction cup and the top of the bag, the greater the detachment force of the seedling bag. During the process of reducing the spacing between bag openings from 100 mm to 80 mm, the greater the weight of the seedling bag, the greater the detachment force of the seedling bag. During the process of increasing the spacing between opening bags from 80 mm to 100 mm, the smaller the weight of the seedling bag, the smaller the detachment force of the seedling bag. The distance between the suction cup and the top of the bag within the range of 10?20 mm does not significantly affect the detachment force of the seedling bag, while the greater the weight of the seedling bag, the greater the detachment force of the seedling bag. The optimal parameter combination was obtained through optimization using Design-Expert 13 software: bag opening spacing of 80 mm, suction cup to bag top spacing of 15 mm, and seedling bag specification thickness of 35 g·m^?2 (M bag type 100 mm×120 mm non-woven seedling container). Under this combination, the non-woven seedling bag has a maximum detachment force of 97.7 N on the needle suction cup. Conclusion: The greater the detachment force between the non-woven seedling bag and the needle suction cup, the more stable the bag opening effect. According to the experimental results, the maximum detachment force of the seedling bag is obtained when the opening distance is 80 mm, the distance between the suction cup and the bag top is 15 mm, and the size of the seedling bag is 35 g·m^?2 (M bag type 100 mm×120 mm non-woven seedling container). At the same time, the opening contour of the bag is the most complete under this combination. The maximum detachment force of the non-woven seedling bag on the needle suction cup is 97.7 N, which is slightly different from the maximum detachment force of 97.4 N obtained from the verification experiment.

Key words: grafted seedings of Camellia oleifera, non-woven seedling container, bag opening mechanism, mechanical test

中图分类号:

S794.4
TB486

刘然,周建波,苗振坤,张宇,李腾飞,李芝茹,王石. 油茶嫁接苗无纺布育苗容器开袋条件与力学试验分析[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(8): 1-10.

Ran Liu,Jianbo Zhou,Zhenkun Miao,Yu Zhang,Tengfei Li,Zhiru Li,Shi Wang. Analysis of Opening Conditions and Mechanical Tests for Non-Woven Seedling Containers of Camellia oleifera Grafted Seedlings[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(8): 1-10.

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吸盘型号 Suction cup model	抓取无纺布育苗袋结果 Results of grabbing non-woven seedling bags	最大抓取质量 Maximum grabbing quality/kg
普通橡胶吸盘Ordinary rubber suction cup	不能抓取Can’t grab	/
非接触伯努利吸盘Noncontact Bernoulli suction cup	成功抓取、不稳定Successfully grabbed and unstable	/
针式吸盘Needle suction cup	成功抓取、稳定Successfully grabbed and stabilized	20

方差来源 Source	均方 Sum of squares	自由度 df	平方和 Mean square	F	P
方程Equation	4 130.71	9	458.97	23.11	0.000 2
A	1 200.50	1	1 200.50	60.44	0.000 1
B	6.13	1	6.13	0.308 3	0.596 0
C	2 346.12	1	2 346.12	118.11	<0.000 1
AB	0.250 0	1	0.250 0	0.012 6	0.213 8
AC	56.25	1	56.25	2.83	0.136 3
BC	4.00	1	4.00	0.201 4	0.367 2
A²	54.57	1	54.57	2.75	0.141 4
B²	3.04	1	3.04	0.153 1	0.707 2
C²	477.57	1	477.57	24.04	0.001 7
残差Residual	139.05	7	19.86
失拟项Lack of fit	48.25	3	16.08	0.708 5	0.595 4
纯误差Pure error	90.80	4	22.70
总和Cor total	4 269.76	16