纤维素纳米晶体胆甾相液晶形成与应用

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20190416

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 液晶是一种介于完全有序的固态和完全无序的液态之间且具有部分有序排列的相态。纤维素纳米晶体（CNC）由天然存在的纤维素（来源于木材、竹材、背囊动物和细菌等）经强酸水解获得，在低浓度溶液中随机分散，当溶液浓度上升到一定程度时自发有序排列，形成胆甾相液晶，胆甾相液晶具有选择性反射、圆二色性和旋光性等特殊光学性能，在防伪识别、光信息储存、智能窗口和液晶显示等领域应用前景广阔。本研究概述国内外CNC胆甾相液晶的制备方法及调控手段，总结并比较不同原料制备的纳米纤维素晶体的结构特性，重点探讨物理法（包括超声波、温度、真空干燥和磁场等）和化学法（包括添加电解质或其他添加剂等）调控对CNC胆甾相液晶螺距的影响规律，为CNC胆甾相液晶的可控制备奠定理论基础。同时，综述CNC胆甾相液晶的形成机制、结构和光学特性，总结CNC胆甾相液晶在温敏型功能材料、光电功能材料和手性介孔功能材料等领域的应用现状。在此基础上，展望CNC胆甾相液晶未来发展趋势：1）改良CNC制备技术，获得到表面电性稳定、粒径分布均一的纤维素纳米晶体，为CNC胆甾相液晶的形成提供结构基础；2）开发绿色快速的CNC胆甾相液晶制备方法，替代现有的缓慢溶剂蒸发自组装法，加快CNC液晶材料商业化进程；3）建立CNC胆甾相液晶螺距调控模型，实现CNC胆甾相液晶材料有序可控制备，达到成分-结构-性能的协调统一；4）丰富CNC胆甾相液晶的手性向列结构固定和复制方法，研发更多结构稳定、性能优异的手性结构功能材料，实现纤维素纳米晶体高值高效利用。

关键词: 纤维素纳米晶体, 胆甾相液晶, 螺距调控, 功能化应用

Abstract: Liquid crystal is a special phase state with partially ordered arrangement, and shows remarkable difference between completely ordered solid state and completely disordered liquid state. As the representative liquid crystal, cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) is currently prepared by the strong acid hydrolysis of natural cellulose, including wood, bamboo, cotton, tunicate, bacteria and so on. The individual CNC is randomly dispersed in the CNC suspension at low concentration solution. With the concentration increased, the randomly dispersed CNCs spontaneously arrange to form cholesteric liquid crystals. Due to the special optical properties such as bragg reflection, polarized light dichroism and rotary polarization, cholesteric liquid crystals from CNCs can be applied as anti-counterfeiting optical information storage, intelligent windows and liquid crystal display. In this paper, the preparation and regulation method of cholesteric liquid crystals from CNCs are introduced. The preparation and comparison of different CNCs from a large variety of resources are proposed. The regulation effects of physical factors (ultrasonic, temperature, vacuum drying and magnetic field and other regulatory factors) and chemical factors (electrolyte and additives and other regulatory factors) on the pitch of cholesteric liquid crystals from CNCs are be discussed in order to make a theoretical contribution to the regulation preparation of cholesteric liquid crystal. In addition, the formation mechanism, the structure and optical properties of cholesteric liquid crystals from CNCs are introduced, and the application status in thermo-sensitive functional materials, optoelectronic functional materials and chiral mesoporous materials are summarized. The future development trends of cholesteric liquid crystals from CNCs are also discussed as the following:1) Adjusting the preparation method to obtain CNC with negative charges, rod-shape and small size distribution which are all necessary for CNC to form ideal cholesteric structure; 2) Developing less time consuming and greener preparation method of cholesteric liquid instead of slow evaporation self-assembly method; 3) Establishing the relevant regulatory model to achieve controllable preparation of cholesteric liquid crystals from CNC; 4) Copying stable chiral nematic structure from CNCs and developing high performance multi-functional materials in the future.

Key words: cellulose nanocrystal(CNC), cholesteric liquid crystal, pitch control, functional applications

中图分类号:

O636.1

卿彦, 王礼军, 吴义强, 罗莎, 吴清林, 颜宁. 纤维素纳米晶体胆甾相液晶形成与应用[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(4): 152-159.

Qing Yan, Wang Lijun, Wu Yiqiang, Luo Sha, Wu Qinglin, Yan Ning. Cholesteric Liquid Crystal from Cellulose Nanocrystal: Formation and Application[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2019, 55(4): 152-159.

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