不同倍性广东桑的花粉形态

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20150409

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】针对桑树形态倍性鉴定及品种间鉴别问题,研究广东桑不同倍性及品种之间孢粉学上的异同,为桑树多倍体育种提供科学依据。【方法】利用扫描电镜对广东桑10个不同倍性品种花粉的形态、大小、萌发孔、外壁纹饰等孢粉学特性进行观察,并运用图片分析结合数理统计的方法对其花粉形态进行研究。【结果】供试广东桑不同品种的花粉微观形态相近,均为小型花粉,近球形,花粉粒极轴长16.98~24.46μm,赤道轴长15.37~23.86μm,极轴长与赤道轴长的比值为1.01~1.12; 供试不同品种花粉粒萌发孔1~3个,圆形,直径为2.11~3.51 μm,部分花粉粒萌发孔外壁内陷形成漏斗形,按照额尔特曼 G的NPC(萌发器官的数目、位置及特征) 分类系统属N3P3C4类型; 不同倍性间广东桑花粉的赤道轴长、极轴长和萌发孔大小存在显著性差异(P < 0.05),均表现为四倍体 > 二倍体,但花粉粒的极轴/赤轴比值差异不显著(P > 0.05); 广东桑花粉外壁为分布不均的刺状突起-脑条纹复合纹饰,不同品种间花粉的表面纹饰有明显差别,根据外壁纹饰可将供试10个品种花粉分为细刺颗粒状突起-细条纹纹饰、细刺颗粒状突起-粗条纹纹饰、粗刺颗粒状突起-细条纹纹饰和粗刺颗粒状突起-粗条纹纹饰4种类型,花粉外壁纹饰体现了不同品种的遗传多样性和遗传分化; 不同倍性间广东桑花粉表面的刺状突起密度及大小差异不显著(P > 0.05); 供试四倍体广东桑品种花粉存在少数败育花粉粒,表现为干瘪而不充实,外形异常。【结论】供试广东桑不同倍性及品种间花粉形态特征具有差异,不同倍性间花粉粒和萌发孔大小存在差异,不同品种间花粉的表面纹饰存在明显差别,初步认为花粉的亚显微结构特征可作为广东桑倍性鉴定及品种间鉴别的重要标准之一。

关键词: 广东桑, 花粉, 倍性, 显微结构

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study was aimed to ploidy and cultivar identification by analysis of morphological characteristics of pollen of Morus atropurpurea in order to provide a scientific basis for mulberry polyploidy breeding. 【Method】 The ultrastructure characters of pollen from 10 diploid and tetraploid M. atropurpurea cultivars were examined by scanning electron microscope(SEM), and the characteristics of pollen morphology among the cultivars were distinguished based on statistics and photographic analyses.【Result】 The pollen grains were small in size and nearly round in shape, its polar axis length was 16.98 μm to 24.46 μm, the equatorial axis length was 15.37μm to 23.86 μm, and P/E value of 1.01 to 1.12. The pollen grains with 1-3 rounded germination aperture, N3P3C4 type according to Erdtman's NPC system. There were statistically significant differences between pollen grains of diploid and tetraploid cultivars in the size of germination aperture, the lengths of equator and polar axials, respectively. The pollen exine was unevenly distributed with composite ornamentation of spinous protuberances-brain stripes, and the ornamentation was different among different cultivars. According to the ornamentation, pollen grains are distinctly divided into four types, i.e. coarse spines granulate-fine cerebroid stripes, coarse spines granulate-coarse cerebroid stripes, smooth spines granulate-fine cerebroid stripes and smooth spines granulate-coarse cerebroid stripes. The density and the size of spinous protuberance showed no significant differences between diploid and tetraploid cultivars. Some infertile pollens appeared as heteromophic and shrivelled were observed in tetraploid mulberry cultivars. 【Conclusion】 Significant differences were found of pollen morphology among the 10 diploid and tetraploid M. atropurpurea cultivars, especially in the size of pollen grains between diploid and tetraploid cultivars, and in the ornamentation among different cultivars. It was suggested that morphological characteristics of pollen grains were very important for ploidy detection and cultivars identification in mulberry.

Key words: Morus atropurpurea, pollen grains, ploidy, ultrastructural morphology

中图分类号:

S718.42

王振江, 罗国庆, 戴凡炜, 殷浩, 肖更生, 唐翠明. 不同倍性广东桑的花粉形态[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(4): 71-77.

Wang Zhenjiang, Luo Guoqing, Dai Fanwei, Yin Hao, Xiao Gengsheng, Tang Cuiming. Pollen Morphology of Morus atropurpurea with Different Ploidies[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2015, 51(4): 71-77.

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