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林业科学 ›› 2014, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (9): 89-96.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20140912

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

长白山自然保护区天牛科昆虫区系及其垂直分布特点

高文韬1, 陈玉宝2, 孟庆繁1   

  1. 1. 北华大学林学院 吉林 132013;
    2. 吉林市林业科学研究院 吉林 132013
  • 收稿日期:2013-06-28 修回日期:2014-06-17 出版日期:2014-09-25 发布日期:2014-09-30
  • 基金资助:

    “十二五”国家科技支撑计划专题（2012BAC01B03-1）；国家自然科学基金项目（30271092；30970475）；吉林省自然科学基金项目（20020624）。

Faunal Composition and Vertical Distribution Characteristics of Cerambycidae in Changbai Mountain Reserve

Gao Wentao1, Chen Yubao2, Meng Qingfan1   

  1. 1. Foresty College, Beihua University Jilin 132013;
    2. Forestry Research Institute of Jinlin Jinlin 132013
  • Received:2013-06-28 Revised:2014-06-17 Online:2014-09-25 Published:2014-09-30
  • Contact: 孟庆繁

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摘要：

采用固定样地和样带取样相结合的方法,对分布于长白山北坡、西坡和南坡阔叶红松林带、暗针叶林带、亚高山岳桦林带和高山苔原带的天牛种类组成进行连续8年的系统调查。结果表明:长白山自然保护区共有天牛科昆虫116种,隶属6亚科71属。其中:花天牛亚科51种,占43.97%; 沟胫天牛亚科35种,占30.17%； 天牛亚科23种,占19.83%； 椎天牛亚科4种,占3.45%； 膜花天牛亚科2种,占1.72%； 锯天牛亚科1种,占0.86%。 从低海拔的阔叶红松林到高海拔的高山苔原带,天牛物种丰富度逐渐减少。阔叶红松林带有天牛105种,单带种44种,没有优势种； 针叶林带有天牛73种,单带种8种,优势种2种； 岳桦林带有天牛29种,单带种1种,优势种4种； 高山苔原带有天牛18种,没有单带种,优势种2种。天牛成虫活动期为5—9月,以6,7月份种类最丰富。长白山天牛物种北坡最多,西坡次之,南坡最少。从低海拔的阔叶红松林到高海拔的高山苔原带,古北区系成分呈增加的趋势,跨古北、东洋2区系和东亚区系成分呈逐渐减少的趋势。长白山天牛科昆虫区系结构主要以欧洲―西伯利亚区系成分为主,东亚区系成分为辅。根据长白山花天牛亚科物种所占比例最大推测,长白山是花天牛的起源中心之一。

关键词: 长白山, 天牛科, 区系, 垂直分布

Abstract:

With the techniques of sample plot and transect sampling, species composition of Cerambycidae in the broad-leaved Korean pine forest, coniferous forest, birch forest, and alpine tundra at different altitudes in the northern slop, western slope and the southern slope of Changbai Mountain were investigated for 8 years from 2003 to 2010. Totally 116 species of Cerambycidae, belonging to six subfamilies, 71 genera were collected. Among them, 51 species belong to Lepturinae, accounting for 43.97%; 35 species belong to Lamiinae, accounting for 30.17%; 23 species belong to Cerambycinae, accounting for 19.83%; four species belong to Spondylinae, accounting for 3.45%; two species belong to Necydalis Linnaeus, accounting for 1.72%; and one species belong to Prioninae, accounting for 0.86%. Species richness of Cerambycidae decreased from the low elevation broad- leaved Korean pine forest zone to the high elevation alpine tundra.A total of 105 species of Cerambycidae were collected in the broad-leaved Korean pine forest zone, and among them 44 species are zone endemic species, and no dominant species was found; there were 73 species collected in the coniferous forest zone, and among them eight species were zone endemic species, and two species were dominant species; a total of 29 species was collected in the birch forest zone, and among them one species were zone endemic species, and four species were dominant species; totally 18 species were collected in the alpine tundra zone, no zone endemic species was found, and 2 species were dominant species. The activity period of Cerambycidae adults were from May to September, the species was the most abundant in June and July. Cerambycidae were the most in the northern slope of Changbai Moutain, followed by the western slope, and the least in the southern slope. From the low elevation broad- leaved Korean pine forest zone to the high elevation alpine tundra, Palaearctic component had an increasing trend, while widespread component and East Asia component showed a decreasing trend. The Europe-Siberian component was predominant and East Asia component as a supplement in fauna of Cerambycidae in Changbai Mountain. According to the largest proportion of the Lepturinae collected in Changbai Mountain, Changbai Mountain would be one of the original places for Lepturinae.

Key words: Changbai Mountain Reserve, Cerambycidae, faunal composition, vertical distribution

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