Abstract: An advanced Giemsa C-banding technique for the chromosomes of gymnospermous plants has been developed by modifying the method of the conventional Giemsa C-banding. It was found that the best procedure so far obtained to separat C-banded chromosomes well was: (1) pretreatment; (2) fixation; (3) maceration; (4) squashing; (5) air drying; (6) treatment with 5% barium hydroxides; (7) treatment with 4X SSC and (8) Giemsa staining. All three species stutied i. e. Cunninghamia lanceolata, Larix gmelini and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica showed clear C-banding in the interphase and metaphase chromosomes. the three species were found to be different from each other phylogen-etically in respects of the number and occurrence of the pericentromeric, intercalary and telomeric (satellite) C-bands. The idiograms of their C-bands were summarized as follows:C. lanceolata: 2n=22=10(O/P)+10(P/O)+2((PT)/O)L. gmelini: 2n=24=8(O/P)+10(P/O)+2(I/P)+2(P/I)+2(P/P)P. sylvestris var. mongolica: 2n=24=8(O/P)+4(P/O)+4(O/(OP))+4(P/I)The procedure described above provides a highly reproducible C-banding technique for distinquishing unequivocally the metaphase chromosomes. The C-banding condition in the chromosomes and the nature of the heterochromatin exhibited were also discussed in the present paper.