林业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (2): 214-229.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20250310
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
收稿日期:2025-05-14
修回日期:2025-08-18
出版日期:2026-02-25
发布日期:2026-03-04
通讯作者:
黄安胜
E-mail:haszgfj@163.com
基金资助:
Limei Lin1,Weinuo Chen2,Qinping Chen3,Ansheng Huang4,*(
)
Received:2025-05-14
Revised:2025-08-18
Online:2026-02-25
Published:2026-03-04
Contact:
Ansheng Huang
E-mail:haszgfj@163.com
摘要:
目的: 量化分析森林可持续管理对“四库”安全的作用机制和影响路径,为完善森林资源管理体系建设提供决策参考。方法: 基于2011—2022年我国31个省级行政区面板数据,综合使用熵值法、两阶段最小二乘法和中介效应模型,构建森林“四库”安全评价指标体系,分析森林可持续管理对“四库”安全的作用机制。结果: 1) 森林可持续管理对“四库”安全具有显著正向影响,其中森林资源利用持续性的影响最大,森林资源保护投入和森林系统恢复干预的影响相对较小;2) 森林可持续管理通过林业绿色发展韧性提升和森林生态系统服务价值增强2条路径促进“四库”安全,其中森林资源利用持续性主要通过森林生态系统服务价值增强路径发挥作用,森林资源保护投入和森林系统恢复干预在2条路径上均有显著作用;3) 森林可持续管理对“四库”安全的影响在不同功能区和经济发展水平区域存在显著差异,重点生态功能区森林资源利用持续性作用最为突出,不同经济发展水平地区呈现从资源依赖向效率提升再到生态服务导向的演化特征。结论: 深化森林可持续管理与“四库”安全的协同发展,应强化森林资源可持续利用的政策导向,构建差异化的区域森林资源管理体系,建立森林韧性与生态服务的协同提升机制,健全森林“四库”安全保障的制度体系,提升森林资源对“四库”安全的综合支撑能力。
中图分类号:
林丽梅,陈炜诺,陈钦萍,黄安胜. 森林可持续管理对“四库”安全的作用机制与实证分析[J]. 林业科学, 2026, 62(2): 214-229.
Limei Lin,Weinuo Chen,Qinping Chen,Ansheng Huang. Mechanism and Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Forest Sustainable Management on “Four-Repository” Security[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2026, 62(2): 214-229.
表1
森林“四库”安全评价指标体系"
| 一级指标Primary indicators | 二级指标 Secondary indicators | 三级指标 Tertiary indicators | 测量方式 Measurement method | 指标属性Attribute | 权重Weight(%) |
| 水库安全Water repository security | 水资源保障Water resource security | 人均水资源量 Per capita water resources | 水资源总量/人口数量 Total water resources/population/ (m3·person?1) | + | 4.155 |
| 供水保障率 Water supply security rate | 供水总量/区域总人口 Total water supply/regional population/(m3·person?1) | + | 12.481 | ||
| 水文调节Hydrological regulation | 水资源利用率 Water resource utilization rate | (供水总量/水资源总量)×100% (Total water supply/total water resources)×100% | + | 7.468 | |
| 水土流失治理率 Soil erosion control rate | (水土流失治理面积/区域国土面积)×100% (Soil erosion control area/regional land area)×100% | + | 2.809 | ||
| 碳库安全Carbon repository security | 碳汇功能 Carbon sink function | 区域碳平衡率 Regional carbon balance rate | (森林碳储量/碳排放量)×100% (Forest carbon storage/carbon emissions)×100% | + | 10.204 |
| 碳汇稳定性 Carbon sink stability | 近5年森林碳储量的变异系数 Coefficient of variation of forest carbon storage (5-year) | - | 3.319 | ||
| 气候稳定性Climate stability | 气候极端风险指数Extreme climate risk index | 极端低温、高温、降雨、干旱气候日数平均值 Average days with extreme temperature, rainfall,and drought | - | 1.767 | |
| 空气质量优良天数比例Good air quality days ratio | 空气质量二级以上天数占比 Proportion of days with air quality level 2+ | + | 8.861 | ||
| 粮库安全 Grain repository security | 森林食品供给量Forest food supply capacity | 森林食品产量密度Forest food production density | 森林食品总产量/森林总面积 Total forest food production/total forest area/[(t·(104 hm2)?1] | + | 11.357 |
| 油茶产业发展水平Oil-tea industry development level | (油茶种植面积/森林总面积)×100% (Oil-tea planting area/total forest area)×100% | + | 6.199 | ||
| 森林食品供给稳定性Forest food supply stability | 森林食品产量稳定系数Forest food production stability coefficient | 1/森林食品总产量变异系数(近5年) 1/coefficient of variation of total forest food production (recent 5 years) | + | 4.308 | |
| 森林食品相对增长率Forest food relative growth rate | 森林食品产量增长率/粮食作物产量增长率Forest food production growth rate/grain crop production growth rate | + | 3.507 | ||
| 钱库安全Financial repository security | 林业经济贡献Forestry economic contribution | 林业产值占比 Forestry output percentage | (林业产值/区域GDP)×100% (Forestry output value/regional GDP)×100% | + | 9.621 |
| 林业就业贡献率Forestry employment contribution | (林业从业人员数/就业总人口)×100% (Forestry workers/total employed population)×100% | + | 5.152 | ||
| 林业产业发展质量Quality of forestry industry development | 林业产值增长稳定性Stability of forestry output value growth | 林业产值增长率的5年滚动标准差 5-year rolling standard deviation of forestry output value growth rate | - | 2.351 | |
| 林业产业结构优化度Optimization of forestry industry structure | 林业第二、三产业占比 Secondary and tertiary forestry industries ratio | + | 4.441 |
表2
森林可持续管理测量指标"
| 维度 Dimension | 具体指标 Specific indicators | 测量方式 Measurement method | 权重 Weight(%) |
| 森林资源保护投入 Forest protection investment | 林业保护投入强度 Intensity of forestry protection investment | (林业生态保护投资/地区GDP)×100% (Forestry ecological protection investment/regional GDP)×100% | 7.046 |
| 自然保护区占比 Proportion of nature reserves | (自然保护区面积/森林总面积)×100% (Nature reserve area/total forest area)×100% | 13.407 | |
| 公益林保护强度Public welfare forest protection intensity | 公益林面积增长率的5年滚动标准差(负向指标)5-year rolling standard deviation of public welfare forest area growth rate (negative indicator) | 3.258 | |
| 天然林停伐政策执行强度Natural forest logging ban policy implementation intensity | ln(1-当期原木产量/上一年原木产量)×天然林面积占比 ln(1 - current timber production/previous year timber production)× proportion of natural forest area | 5.256 | |
| 森林系统恢复干预 Forest system restoration intervention | 森林有害生物防治效率Forest pest control efficiency | (森林有害生物防治投资/发生面积)×100% (Forest pest control investment/affected area)×100% | 14.314 |
| 人工造林密度 Artificial afforestation density | (人工造林面积/林业面积)×100% (Artificial afforestation area/forestry area)×100% | 4.358 | |
| 低产林改造水平Low-productivity forest transformation level | 低产林改造面积增长率 Growth rate of low-productivity forest transformation area | 22.292 | |
| 森林资源利用持续性Sustainability of forest resource utilization | 林业资源集约利用Intensive utilization of forest resources | (林业产值/林地面积)×100% (Forestry output value/forest land area)×100% | 16.241 |
| 森林采伐压力系数Forest harvesting pressure coefficient | 当年原木材产量/连续5年蓄积量差值均值 Ratio of current year timber production to mean annual forest increment | 13.828 |
表3
主要变量定义与描述性统计"
| 变量类别 Variable category | 变量名 Variable | 变量定义 Variable definitions | 均值 Mean | 标准差 Standard deviation | 最小值 Min. | 最大值 Max. |
| 被解释变量 Dependent variable | 森林“四库”安全 Forest “Four-Repository” security | 基于指标体系利用熵值法测算所得 Calculated results based on the indicator system using the entropy method | 0.114 0 | 0.053 6 | 0.018 6 | 0.296 2 |
| 解释变量Independent variable | 森林资源保护投入 Forest protection investment | 相应指标熵值法测算所得 Calculated results using the entropy method for corresponding indicators | 0.140 7 | 0.149 1 | 0.022 3 | 0.746 3 |
| 森林系统恢复干预 Forest system restoration intervention | 相应指标熵值法测算所得 Calculated results using the entropy method for corresponding indicators | 0.055 1 | 0.056 1 | 0.000 3 | 0.525 5 | |
| 森林资源利用持续性Sustainability of forest resource utilization | 相应指标熵值法测算所得 Calculated results using the entropy method for corresponding indicators | 0.092 2 | 0.124 5 | 0.000 5 | 0.618 8 | |
| 森林可持续管理 Forest sustainable management | 相应3个维度指标熵值法测算所得 Calculated results using the entropy method for corresponding indicators | 0.084 2 | 0.061 5 | 0.024 3 | 0.398 5 | |
| 机制变量Mechanism variable | 林业绿色发展韧性 Green development resilience of forestry | 相应指标的熵值法加权值 Calculated results using the entropy method for corresponding indicators | 0.082 5 | 0.062 7 | 0.015 3 | 0.470 1 |
| 森林生态系统服务价值 Forest ecosystem service value | 森林面积× Σ(各项服务功能价值系数)/GDP Forest area × Σ(value coefficients of various service functions)/GDP | 0.035 0 | 0.035 7 | 0.000 0 | 0.330 0 | |
| 控制变量Control variable | 城镇化率 Urbanization rate | 城镇人口/总人口数量 Urban population/total population (%) | 0.591 7 | 0.129 9 | 0.228 1 | 0.896 0 |
| 产业结构优化 Industrial structure optimization | 第三产业占比 Tertiary industry proportion (%) | 0.499 4 | 0.088 9 | 0.326 6 | 0.837 6 | |
| 环境治理投资水平 Environmental governance investment | (环境治理投资额/地区GDP)×100% (Environmental governance investment/ regional GDP)×100% | 0.012 1 | 0.008 7 | 0.001 6 | 0.046 3 | |
| 人口密度 Population density | 人口数量/土地面积 Population/land area | 0.045 6 | 0.069 8 | 0.000 3 | 0.392 6 | |
| 财政自由度 Fiscal autonomy index | (地方财政收入/地方财政支出)×100% (Local fiscal revenue/local fiscal expenditure)×100% | 0.004 0 | 0.009 5 | 0.000 0 | 0.070 7 | |
| 土地利用集约度 Land use intensity coefficient | GDP/土地总面积 GDP/land area | 0.738 5 | 0.125 8 | 0.194 6 | 0.972 0 | |
| 农业科技创新水平 Agriculture science and technology innovation | 农业发明专利授权数的自然对数 Natural logarithm of authorized agricultural patents | 0.404 0 | 0.212 1 | 0.173 3 | 1.486 8 | |
| 国家公共安全投入 National public security investment | 公共安全支出/地方财政支出 Public security expenditure/local fiscal expenditure | 0.016 1 | 0.012 9 | 0.006 8 | 0.099 0 | |
| 对外依存度 External dependence | (进出口总额/地区GDP)×100% (Import and export volume/regional GDP)×100% | 0.265 7 | 0.278 7 | 0.007 6 | 1.463 8 |
表4
森林可持续管理对森林“四库”安全的基准回归结果①"
| 变量Variables | 被解释变量:森林“四库”安全Dependent variables: forest “Four-Repository” security | |||||||
| 森林可持续管理 Forest sustainable management | 0.087 3*** (0.031 1) | 0.085 1*** (0.024 2) | ||||||
| 森林资源保护投入 Forest resource protection investment | 0.095 3** (0.036 5) | 0.073 1** (0.027 3) | ||||||
| 森林系统恢复干预 Forest ecosystem restoration intervention | 0.018 1** (0.008 7) | 0.019 3* (0.010 2) | ||||||
| 森林资源利用持续性 Sustainability of forest resource utilization | 0.117 7** (0.043 7) | 0.144 5*** (0.045 7) | ||||||
| 城镇化率 Urbanization rate | 0.297 5** (0.145 2) | 0.272 6* (0.138 4) | 0.302 8* (0.154 1) | 0.307 4** (0.131 4) | ||||
| 产业结构优化 Industrial structure optimization | 0.038 9 (0.046 2) | 0.038 7 (0.046 7) | 0.048 5 (0.047 8) | 0.033 9 (0.044 2) | ||||
| 环境治理投资水平 Investments in environmental governance | 0.492 1*** (0.175 6) | 0.464 3** (0.187 6) | 0.502 6*** (0.176 4) | 0.455 3*** (0.160 8) | ||||
| 人口密度 Population density | ?0.663 8 (0.842 5) | ?0.505 7 (0.870 8) | ?0.398 8 (0.816 3) | ?1.107 8 (0.794 2) | ||||
| 财政自由度 Fiscal autonomy index | ?0.063 8* (0.035 2) | ?0.065 7* (0.037 9) | ?0.062 4* (0.033 9) | ?0.053 4 (0.032 8) | ||||
| 土地利用集约度 Land use intensity coefficient | 1.283 3** (0.549 7) | 0.869 5* (0.512 1) | 0.948 5 (0.580 9) | 2.157 6*** (0.621 9) | ||||
| 农业科技创新水平 Agriculture science and technology innovation | ?0.065 6* (0.036 8) | ?0.065 9* (0.037 6) | ?0.072 1* (0.037 6) | ?0.050 7 (0.035 5) | ||||
| 国家公共安全投入 National public security investment | 0.198 2 (0.291 2) | 0.121 5 (0.242 4) | 0.153 2 (0.300 8) | 0.162 9 (0.247 4) | ||||
| 对外依存度 External dependence | ?0.002 3 (0.026 0) | ?0.002 2 (0.026 3) | ?0.004 0 (0.026 6) | 0.000 8 (0.025 6) | ||||
| 常数项 Constant | 0.106 6*** (0.004 6) | 0.002 2 (0.085 5) | 0.100 6*** (0.004 6) | 0.010 9 (0.088 8) | 0.113 0*** (0.000 5) | ?0.005 1 (0.091 5) | 0.103 1*** (0.004 0) | ?0.005 7 (0.080 6) |
| 省份固定效应 Province fixed effects | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes |
| 时间固定效应 Time fixed effects | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes |
| 观测值 Observations | 372 | 372 | 372 | 372 | 372 | 372 | 372 | 372 |
| R2 | 0.939 1 | 0.947 4 | 0.940 0 | 0.947 3 | 0.937 3 | 0.946 0 | 0.941 2 | 0.949 9 |
表5
森林可持续管理影响“四库”安全的稳健性检验结果①"
| 变量Variables | 替换被解释变量 Replacing the dependent variable | 替换回归模型 Replacing the regression model | 调整研究样本 Adjusting the research sample | 剔除异常值 Removing outliers |
| 森林可持续管理 Forest sustainable management | 2.482 3** (1.350 6) | 0.085 1*** (0.023 5) | 0.079 0*** (0.023 5) | 0.091 8*** (0.026 0) |
| 观测值Observations | 372 | 372 | 336 | 372 |
| R2 | 0.941 7 | — | 0.903 0 | 0.948 0 |
| 森林资源保护投入 Forest resource protection investment | 1.775 7* (0.923 1) | 0.073 1*** (0.026 5) | 0.065 8** (0.028 2) | 0.069 8** (0.028 2) |
| 观测值Observations | 372 | 372 | 336 | 372 |
| R2 | 0.940 7 | — | 0.900 5 | 0.947 6 |
| 森林系统恢复干预 Forest ecosystem restoration intervention | 0.490 9* (0.259 1) | 0.019 3* (0.009 9) | 0.018 3* (0.009 4) | 0.070 1* (0.036 6) |
| 观测值Observations | 372 | 372 | 336 | 372 |
| R2 | 0.939 5 | — | 0.898 2 | 0.945 4 |
| 森林资源利用持续性 Sustainability of forest resource utilization | 3.004 3** (1.294 8) | 0.144 5*** (0.044 4) | 0.135 2*** (0.043 6) | 0.142 6*** (0.040 7) |
| 观测值Observations | 372 | 372 | 336 | 372 |
| R2 | 0.943 2 | — | 0.903 7 | 0.950 3 |
表6
森林可持续管理对“四库”安全影响的工具变量回归结果①"
| 变量 Variable | 第一阶段 First stage | 第二阶段Second stage | 系统GMM |
| 1980年降水量×林长制政策 1980 rainfall × forest chief system | 1.718 5*** (0.450 3) | ||
| 森林可持续管理 Forest sustainable management | 0.693 7** (0.295 3) | 0.065 5 (0.128 7) | |
| 森林“四库”安全(t-1) Forest “Four-Repository” security (t-1) | 0.559 1*** (0.179 6) | ||
| Kleibergen-Paap rk LM | 4.966 (P=0.025 9) | ||
| Kleibergen-Paap rk Wald F | 14.608 [8.96] | ||
| AR(1) | ?2.29 (P =0.022) | ||
| AR(2) | ?0.78 (P =0.438) | ||
| 控制变量Control variables | 是Yes | 是Yes | |
| 省份固定效应Province fixed effects | 是Yes | 是Yes | |
| 时间固定效应Time fixed effects | 是Yes | 是Yes |
表7
森林可持续管理对森林“四库”安全影响的机制检验估计结果①"
| 变量 Variable | 绿色发展韧性指数 Forest resource endowment | 森林生态系统服务价值 Forest resource utilization | ||||||
| 森林可持续管理 Forest sustainable management | 0.188 9** (0.086 1) | 0.434 5** (0.181 2) | ||||||
| 森林资源保护投入 Forest resource protection investment | 0.190 3* (0.093 6) | 0.398 1*** (0.117 4) | ||||||
| 森林系统恢复干预 Forest ecosystem restoration intervention | 0.109 8** (0.048 7) | 0.212 7* (0.119 1) | ||||||
| 森林资源利用持续性 Sustainability of forest resource utilization | ?0.049 7 (0.110 3) | 0.129 7*** (0.024 3) | ||||||
| 控制变量 Control variables | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes |
| 常数项 Constant | 0.210 0 (0.359 8) | 0.243 7 (0.344 3) | 0.201 3 (0.359 7) | 0.192 1 (0.358 6) | 0.001 4 (0.049 9) | 0.051 9 (0.074 2) | ?0.022 7 (0.061 6) | ?0.045 6 (0.067 7) |
| 省份固定效应 Province fixed effects | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes |
| 时间固定效应 Time fixed effects | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes |
| 观测值 Observations | 372 | 372 | 372 | 372 | 372 | 372 | 372 | 372 |
| R2 | 0.530 5 | 0.536 6 | 0.528 9 | 0.525 5 | 0.911 1 | 0.919 5 | 0.879 8 | 0.823 7 |
表8
森林可持续管理对“四库”安全影响的异质性分析结果①"
| 变量 Variables | 被解释变量:森林“四库”安全 Dependent variables: forest “Four-Repository” security | |||||
| 功能区分组 Function zone groups | 经济发展水平分组 Economic development level groups | |||||
| 重点生态功能区 Key ecological function areas | 农产品主产区 Major agricultural production areas | 城市功能集聚区 Urban function agglomeration areas | 高经济发展 水平地区 High economic development regions | 中经济发展 水平地区 Medium economic development regions | 低经济发展 水平地区 Low economic development regions | |
| 森林可持续管理 Forest sustainable management | ?0.010 9 (0.037 0) | 0.066 9* (0.033 7) | 0.073 5 (0.060 9) | 0.060 7 (0.043 0) | 0.099 3*** (0.027 1) | 0.030 0 (0.036 1) |
| 森林资源保护投入 Forest resource protection investment | ?0.001 5 (0.045 2) | 0.078 9*** (0.020 0) | 0.197 8* (0.098 1) | 0.191 9 (0.124 1) | 0.065 8*** (0.013 6) | 0.057 0 (0.053 1) |
| 森林系统恢复干预 Forest ecosystem restoration intervention | ?0.017 0 (0.022 4) | 0.014 4 (0.020 6) | ?0.003 5 (0.027 7) | 0.012 5 (0.018 1) | 0.054 9*** (0.011 8) | ?0.001 2 (0.019 7) |
| 森林资源利用持续性 Sustainability of forest resource utilization | 0.424 7*** (0.108 1) | 0.155 4 (0.103 2) | 0.057 6 (0.032 4) | 0.028 7 (0.021 7) | 0.387 2 (0.295 5) | 0.253 8*** (0.051 4) |
| 控制变量 Control variables | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes |
| 常数项 Constant | ?0.059 3 (0.084 7) | 0.154 4 (0.341 2) | 0.033 2 (0.126 3) | 0.155 3 (0.155 1) | ?0.075 0 (0.084 4) | 0.127 3 (0.109 3) |
| 省份固定效应 Province fixed effects | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes |
| 时间固定效应 Time fixed effects | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes | 是 Yes |
| 观测值 Observations | 132 | 144 | 96 | 120 | 120 | 132 |
| R2 | 0.976 6 | 0.908 9 | 0.945 5 | 0.925 0 | 0.965 0 | 0.972 0 |
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