真菌诱导子促进桑黄黄酮类物质积累及主要作用机制

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20250281

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探究不同真菌来源的诱导子、同一真菌不同类型诱导子对桑黄菌丝体和子实体生长和黄酮含量的影响，以全面评估真菌诱导子在桑黄不同生长阶段和培养环境中的效果。方法: 以11种不同土壤真菌制备3种不同类型的真菌诱导子，总计33种真菌诱导子处理桑黄菌丝体，统计分析桑黄生物量、黄酮含量和黄酮产量，并综合3个指标筛选出3种最佳真菌诱导子；通过实时定量PCR初步验证最佳真菌诱导子提升黄酮含量的分子机制；利用响应面法进行最佳真菌诱导子诱导条件的优化，并将最佳真菌诱导子作用于桑黄子实体进行黄酮含量积累的验证；最后将对桑黄黄酮含量提升效果较好的菌株HSL的菌丝体和发酵液的代谢组分进行非靶向代谢组学分析。结果: 3种不同类型的最佳真菌诱导子（分别为NL-19M、NL-19ME和HSLFE）能够促进桑黄生物量、黄酮含量和黄酮产量的积累。3种最佳真菌诱导子通过提高黄酮生物合成途径中关键酶的表达量促进黄酮含量积累。同一真菌诱导子对桑黄生物量、黄酮含量和黄酮产量的优化条件存在差异。NL-19M、NL-19ME、HSLFE处理可提高桑黄子实体的黄酮含量，均高于对照，代谢组分显示真菌诱导子的有效成分可能为脂类物质。结论: 不同真菌诱导子处理能够激活黄酮生物合成途径中不同关键酶的表达以及其存在不同的最佳诱导条件，反映真菌代谢调控的复杂性，揭示出真菌诱导子对黄酮生物合成的调控机制，为真菌诱导子的商业化应用以及林下经济和“以菌养菌、以菌养药”药食用真菌品质提质增效技术体系的建立提供了更完善、系统的理论基础。

关键词: 真菌诱导子, 桑黄生物量, 黄酮含量, 优化条件, 桑黄子实体

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to explore the effects of fungal elicitors from different fungi and different types of fungal elicitors from the same fungus on the growth of mycelia & fruiting bodies and flavonoid content, effective medicinal components of Sanghuangporus vaninii, in order to comprehensively evaluate the efficiency of fungal elicitors in different growth stages and culture environments. Method: Three different types of fungal elicitors were prepared from 11 different soil fungi. A total of 33 different fungal elicitors were used to treat the mycelia of S. vaninii. The biomass, flavonoid content and flavonoid production were statistically analyzed, and three optimal fungal elicitors were screened out based on the three indicators. The real-time quantitative PCR was used to preliminarily verify the molecular mechanism by which three optimal fungal elicitors enhanced flavonoid content. The induction conditions of fungal elicitors were optimized by the response surface method. Three optimal fungal elicitors were applied to the fruiting bodies to verify the accumulation of flavonoid content. Finally, non-targeted metabolomics analysis was conducted on the mycelia and the fermentation broth of strain HSL, which had a better effect in increasing the flavonoid content of S. vaninii. Result: Three optimal fungal elicitors (NL-19M, NL-19ME and HSLFE) had the best induction effects on the biomass, flavonoid content and flavonoid production of S. vaninii. Moreover, the three fungal elicitors promoted the accumulation of flavonoid content by increasing the expression levels of different key enzymes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. There were differences in the optimization conditions for the biomass, flavonoid content and flavonoid production by the elicitors of the same fungus. The flavonoid contents of the fruiting bodies treated with NL-19M, NL-19ME and HSLFE were all higher than those of the control. The active ingredients of fungal elicitors may be lipids and lipid-like molecules. Conclusion: Different optimal fungal elicitors treatments can activate the expression of different key enzymes for flavonoid biosynthesis and have different induction conditions, reflecting the complexity of fungal metabolic regulation and revealing the regulatory mechanism of fungal elicitors on the flavonoid biosynthesis. This study provides a more complete and systematic theoretical basis for the commercial application of fungal elicitors and the establishment of a technical system for improving the quality and efficiency of under-forest economy including medicinal and edible fungi.

Key words: fungal elicitors, Sanghuangporus vaninii biomass, flavonoid content, optimized conditions, fruiting body

中图分类号:

Q939.96

张宇薇,莫梦婷,舒博,姚佳佳,袁志林. 真菌诱导子促进桑黄黄酮类物质积累及主要作用机制[J]. 林业科学, 2026, 62(3): 146-160.

Yuwei Zhang,Mengting Mo,Bo Shu,Jiajia Yao,Zhilin Yuan. Fungal Elicitors Promote Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Sanghuangporus vaninii and the Underlying Mechanisms[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2026, 62(3): 146-160.

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菌株编号 Isolate No.	菌种 Species	菌株来源 Strain origin	参考文献 Reference
QYL-10	Clitopilus hobsonii	琴叶栎根系Quercus lyrata root	靳微，2019
NL-19	C. hobsonii	牛栎根系Q. michauxii root	靳微，2019
XST	C. hobsonii	黄金小神童根系Cymbidium golden root	姚娜等，2024
HSL	Clitopolius sp.	黄山栎根系Q. stewardii root	靳微，2019
Cab	C. abprunulus	子实体Fruiting body	Jian et al.， 2020
84496	C. prunulus	子实体Fruiting body	CFCC
50334	C. scyphoides	子实体Fruiting body	CFCC
HBPOP-BS-1	Mortierella alpina	毛白杨根际土壤Populus tomentosa rhizosphere soil	潘雪玉，2018
HBPOP-BS-2	M. alpina	毛白杨根际土壤P. tomentosa rhizosphere soil	潘雪玉，2018
SML-TX-18	Atractiella rhizophila	舒玛栎根系Q. shumardii root	靳微，2019
LS-TZS-1	Umbelopsis sp.	栎树根系Quercus sp. root	潘雪玉，2018

引物名称 Primer	序列（5’→3’） Sequences （5’→3’）	T_m值 T_m value/℃
PAL-F	GCACCCGACGCACTCAAAT	59.15
PAL-R	AAGGCCGTACCGTTCAAAATC	55.62
4CL-F	CCCTTCTGTGCTATTCTTCTGG	55.33
4CL-R	ATTGTTCTATCCTTGCCGTGTC	54.89
CHS-F	GATGTCCATTCGCCACGGTA	57.69
CHS-R	GAATGCCATAGCACCCTCAGA	57.18
bHLH-F	CAACCAGTGAAAGCGAACAAAG	54.75
bHLH-R	CAGAACCCGGAGCAAAATAG	53.53
α-tubulin-F	CCAGCAAGCGTTACCGATT	55.83
α-tubulin-R	TCCACGACGTCCATCGTTC	57.65

水平 Level	因素 Factors
水平 Level	A添加浓度 A concentration/（mg·mL^?1）	B添加时间 B add time/d	C静置时间 C stand time/d
?1	5	0	0
0	50	7	7
1	95	14	14

真菌诱导子类型 Types of fungal elicitors	A添加浓度 A concentration/(mg·mL^?1)	B添加时间 B adding time/d	C静置时间 C standing time/d	黄酮含量 Flavonoids content/(mg·g^?1)
NL-19M	7.89	0	9	3.45±0.16
NL-19ME	5	14	0	2.78±0.12
HSLFE	6.59	0	14	2.93±0.12

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[2]	翟俏丽;范桂枝;詹亚光. 真菌诱导子促进白桦悬浮细胞三萜的积累[J]. 林业科学, 2011, 47(6): 42-47.