亚洲象粪便病毒宏基因组学研究：病毒群落组成及保护意义

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20250074

林业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (2): 154-159.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20250074

• 研究论文 • 上一篇

亚洲象粪便病毒宏基因组学研究：病毒群落组成及保护意义

张呈波¹,陈军民¹,韩楠玉¹,许波¹,高以任¹,陈紫娴¹,王佳雯¹,沈庆仲²,王斌³,保明伟⁴,黄遵锡^1,*()

1. 云南师范大学生命科学学院　云南特色生物资源高值化利用教育部工程研究中心　云南省生物质能与环境技术重点实验室　昆明 650000
2. 西双版纳国家级自然保护区生态旅游管理所　景洪 666100
3. 西双版纳傣族自治州亚洲象保护管理中心　景洪 666100
4. 西双版纳亚洲象救护与繁育中心　景洪 666100

收稿日期:2025-02-12 修回日期:2025-10-24 出版日期:2026-02-25 发布日期:2026-03-04
通讯作者: 黄遵锡 E-mail:huangzunxi@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（32260015）；云南省科技计划项目基础研究专项面上项目（202401AT070131，202501AT070014）；云南省教育厅科学研究基金（2023J0202）；云南省“兴滇英才支持计划”青年人才科研支持项目（XDYC?QNRC?2023?0507）。

Study on the Fecal Virus Metagenome of Asian Elephant: Viral Community Composition and Conservation Implications

Chengbo Zhang¹,Junmin Chen¹,Nanyu Han¹,Bo Xu¹,Yiren Gao¹,Zixian Chen¹,Jiawen Wang¹,Qingzhong Shen²,Bin Wang³,Mingwei Bao⁴,Zunxi Huang^1,*()

1. School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University　Engineering Research Center for Valorization of Unique Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Ministry of Education　Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment　Kunming 650000
2. Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve Eco-tourism Management Office　Jinghong 666100
3. Xishuangbanna Asian Elephant Conservation Management Center　Jinghong 666100
4. Xishuangbanna Asian Elephant Rescuing and Breeding Center　Jinghong 666100

Received:2025-02-12 Revised:2025-10-24 Online:2026-02-25 Published:2026-03-04
Contact: Zunxi Huang E-mail:huangzunxi@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探究云南圈养和野生亚洲象粪便病毒群落组成，为该珍稀物种保护提供理论依据。方法: 采集圈养母乳饮食幼象、圈养成年象及野生成年象新鲜粪便样本，使用宏基因组测序和病毒宏基因组学分析方法全面了解亚洲象粪便DNA病毒群落结构全景。结果: 肌尾噬菌体科是圈养幼象的优势科水平病毒类群，圈养和野生成年象则均以长尾噬菌体科为主，野生成年象肠道短尾噬菌体科的相对丰度明显高于圈养个体；聚球菌噬菌体S-CRM01和欧文氏菌噬菌体Ea35-70是圈养幼象的优势种水平病毒类群，梅迪特拉内安噬菌体uvMED是圈养和野生成年象最优势种水平病毒类群，野生成年象肠道EBPR足病毒3的相对丰度明显高于圈养个体；在幼象样本中检测到了疱疹病毒序列，可能是潜在的象亲内皮疱疹病毒序列。结论: 圈养与野生亚洲象、幼年和成年个体粪便病毒群落存在显著差异，检测到的潜在的象亲内皮疱疹病毒序列，为亚洲象的保护和监测以及象亲内皮疱疹病毒相关病毒的监测提供重要理论依据。

关键词: 亚洲象, 粪便病毒群落, 病毒宏基因组, 疱疹病毒

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to investigate the fecal virus metagenome of captive and wild Asian elephants in Yunnan, so as to provide a theoretical foundation for the conservation of this endangered species. Method: Fresh fecal samples from captive breastfed young elephants, captive adult elephants, and wild adult elephants were collected. The metagenomic sequencing and virus metagenomics analysis methods were used to comprehensively understand the landscape structure of the Asian elephant fecal DNA virus community. Result: The results revealed that Myoviridae emerged as the most prevalent virus family in the fecal matter of calves, whereas Siphoviridae dominated in the adult elephants. Wild adults exhibited clearly higher Podoviridae abundance than captive adults. At the species level, Synechococcus phage S-CRM01 and Erwinia phage Ea35-70 were dominant in calves, whereas uncultured Mediterranean phage uvMED was most prevalent in adults. Wild adults showed notably higher abundance of EBPR podovirus 3 than captive adults. Furthermore, this study uncovered the presence of herpesvirus in the fecal samples of the calves, having the possible association of this virus family with EEHV. Conclusion: There are significant differences in the composition of fecal viral communities between captive and wild elephants, as well as between calves and adults. This work sheds light on the possible risk of EEHV infection among Asian elephant populations in Yunnan, and suggests the need for proactive conservation strategies and continued surveillance efforts.

Key words: Asian elephant, fecal virus composition, viral metagenome, herpesvirus

中图分类号:

张呈波,陈军民,韩楠玉,许波,高以任,陈紫娴,王佳雯,沈庆仲,王斌,保明伟,黄遵锡. 亚洲象粪便病毒宏基因组学研究：病毒群落组成及保护意义[J]. 林业科学, 2026, 62(2): 154-159.

Chengbo Zhang,Junmin Chen,Nanyu Han,Bo Xu,Yiren Gao,Zixian Chen,Jiawen Wang,Qingzhong Shen,Bin Wang,Mingwei Bao,Zunxi Huang. Study on the Fecal Virus Metagenome of Asian Elephant: Viral Community Composition and Conservation Implications[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2026, 62(2): 154-159.

图/表 3

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亚洲象粪便病毒宏基因组学研究：病毒群落组成及保护意义

Study on the Fecal Virus Metagenome of Asian Elephant: Viral Community Composition and Conservation Implications

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