幕阜山区毛竹向杉木林和阔叶林扩张的细根分解及养分释放特征

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20250035

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探究毛竹向杉木林和阔叶林扩张过程中毛竹及原有森林优势种的细根分解特征、养分动态及主要影响因素，揭示毛竹扩张对森林地下碳周转和养分循环的影响机制。方法: 在幕阜山区选择毛竹向杉木林和阔叶林扩张形成的连续生态界面（杉木林→竹杉混交林→毛竹林；阔叶林→竹阔混交林→毛竹林），采用原位与异位分解相结合的方法，探讨2种毛竹扩张序列中的杉木、喜树、毛竹细根分解干质量剩余率及C、N、P含量变化动态。结果: 喜树细根的初始C含量、C/N、C/P、N/P显著低于杉木和毛竹（P<0.05），初始N、P含量显著高于杉木和毛竹（P<0.05），杉木和毛竹二者间无显著差异（P>0.05）。在毛竹向杉木林扩张序列中，毛竹细根分解速率以及C、N、P释放速率均高于杉木细根，且毛竹细根阶段性干质量损失率与土壤温度呈显著正相关。在毛竹向阔叶林扩张序列中，喜树细根分解速率显著高于毛竹（P<0.05），且毛竹细根分解速率随扩张强度增加显著增加，呈明显主场效应。与毛竹细根相比，喜树细根具有较高的C释放速率、较低的N释放速率，P释放速率相差不大。结论: 毛竹扩张一定程度上可促进杉木和喜树细根分解，但细根养分释放特征因扩张森林类型不同而存在差异。细根初始化学性质是调控毛竹向杉木林和阔叶林扩张过程中细根分解和养分释放的主要因素，毛竹细根分解在毛竹向阔叶林扩张序列具有明显主场效应。

关键词: 幕阜山区, 毛竹扩张, 连续生态界面, 细根分解, 养分释放

Abstract:

Objective: This study aimed to understand the fine root decomposition characteristics, nutrient dynamics, and main influencing factors during the expansion of Phyllostachys edulis into Cunninghamia lanceolata forest and broad-leaved forest. The goal was to reveal the mechanisms underlying the effects of bamboo expansion on belowground carbon turnover and nutrient cycling in forest. Method: Utilizing continuous ecological interfaces formed by P. edulis expansion into C. lanceolata forest (C. lanceolata forest → bamboo and fir mixed forest → P. edulis forest) and broad-leaved forest (broad-leaved forest → bamboo and broad-leaved mixed forest → P. edulis forest) in the Mufu Mountain area, we combined in-situ and ex-situ decomposition methods to investigate the dry mass residual rate and the dynamics of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) content in the fine roots of C. lanceolata, Camptotheca acuminata, and P. edulis along these two expansion sequences. Result: The initial C content, C/N ratio, C/P ratio and N/P ratio of C. acuminata fine roots were significantly lower than those of C. lanceolata and P. edulis (P<0.05). Conversely, its initial N content and P contents were significantly higher than those of them(P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in these initial elemental traits between P. edulis and C. lanceolata. In the sequence of the expansion of P. edulis into C. lanceolata forest, the decomposition rate of P. edulis fine roots and their C, N and P release rates were significantly higher than those of C. lanceolata (P<0.05). The decomposition rates of fine roots for both species did not change significantly with increasing bamboo expansion intensity. The phased dry mass loss rate of the moso bamboo fine root was positively correlated with soil temperature. In the sequence of the expansion of P. edulis into broad-leaved forest, the decomposition rate and C, N, P release rates of C. acuminata fine roots were significantly higher than those of P. edulis (P<0.05). P. edulis fine roots decomposition accelerated with increasing expansion intensity, exhibiting a home-field advantage. C. acuminata roots released C faster but N more slowly than P. edulis roots, while P release showed no significant difference between the two species. Conclusion: P. edulis expansion enhanced the fine root decomposition of C. lanceolata and C. acuminata to some extent. However, the patterns of nutrient release from fine roots varied significantly between the two expanded forest types. Initial fine root chemical traits were identified as the primary factor regulating fine root decomposition and nutrient release during bamboo expansion into both C. lanceolata forest and broad-leaved forest. Notably, P. edulis fine roots exhibited a distinct home-field advantage effect along the expansion sequence into broad-leaved forest.

Key words: Mufu Mountain area, moso bamboo expansion, continuous ecological interfaces, fine root decomposition, nutrient release

中图分类号:

S718.55

王晓荣,龚苗,辜忠春,胡兴宜,漆良华,谭海山,戴薛,刘清平,夏少丹,赵虎. 幕阜山区毛竹向杉木林和阔叶林扩张的细根分解及养分释放特征[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(8): 46-57.

Xiaorong Wang,Miao Gong,Zhongchun Gu,Xingyi Hu,Lianghua Qi,Haishan Tan,Xue Dai,Qingping Liu,Shaodan Xia,Hu Zhao. Characteristics of Fine Root Decomposition and Nutrient Release during Phyllostachys edulis Expansion into Cunninghamia lanceolata Forest and Broad-Leaved Forest in Mufu Mountain Area[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(8): 46-57.

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项目 Items	毛竹扩张序列P. edulis expansion sequences
	毛竹向杉木林扩张 P. edulis expansion into C. lanceolata forest			毛竹向阔叶林扩张 P. edulis expansion into broad-leaved forest
	杉木林 C. lanceolata forest	竹杉混交林 Bamboo and fir mixed forest	毛竹林 P. edulis forest	阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest	竹阔混交林 Bamboo and broad-leaved mixed forest	毛竹林P. edulis forest
郁闭度Canopy density	0.70	0.75	0.80	0.70	0.80	0.80
平均胸径Mean DBH/cm	11.15±0.69	11.40±0.52	11.70±0.18	16.92±1.35	12.38±0.68	11.23±0.27
平均树高Mean tree height/m	9.35±0.48	11.47±0.38	13.79±0.14	14.60±0.64	12.57±0.42	12.39±0.19
林分密度Stand density/(trees·hm^?2)	2 200±152.75	3 100±57.74	4 466.66±328.29	1 666.67±145.30	2 533.33±317.98	4 433.33±317.98
土壤有机碳含量Soil organic carbon content/(g·kg^?1)	18.07±1.98	18.44±2.50	18.33±2.15	19.23±2.39	19.91±2.49	17.81±1.57
全氮含量Total nitrogen content/(g·kg^?1)	1.34±0.12	1.49±0.14	1.53±0.13	1.71±0.20	1.67±0.20	1.37±0.13
全磷含量Total phosphorus content/(g·kg^?1)	0.33±0.01	0.35±0.01	0.35±0.01	0.32±0.01	0.31±0.01	0.31±0.01
pH	4.35±0.02	4.34±0.03	4.61±0.03	4.98±0.08	4.56±0.06	4.45±0.02
铵态氮含量Ammonium nitrogen content/(mg·kg^?1)	2.99±0.44	3.48±0.68	2.47±0.57	1.52±0.28	1.39±0.31	3.40±0.59
硝态氮含量Nitrate nitrogen concentration/(mg·kg^?1)	12.24±0.73	13.97±0.63	16.95±1.60	12.75±1.00	15.68±1.15	16.94±1.35
主要树种组成及比例 Composition and proportion of main tree species	毛竹P. edulis∶ 杉木C. lanceolata = 1∶8.4	毛竹P. edulis∶杉木C. lanceolata =1∶1.2	毛竹P. edulis∶杉木C. lanceolata =21.2∶1	毛竹P. edulis∶阔叶树Broad-leaved tree=1.5∶1	毛竹P. edulis∶阔叶树Broad-leaved tree =7.4∶1	毛竹P. edulis∶阔叶树Broad-leaved tree =43.3∶1

细根类型 Fine root types	碳含量C content/ (g·kg^?1)	氮含量N content/ (g·kg^?1)	磷含量P content/ (g·kg^?1)	C/N	C/P	N/P
喜树C. acuminata	397.50±4.01b	13.85±0.44a	1.13±0.12a	28.81±1.15c	368.06±50.22b	12.81±1.73b
杉木C. lanceolata	440.50±9.74a	11.80±0.46b	0.66±0.02b	37.47±1.44b	668.37±13.29a	17.88±0.45a
毛竹P. edulis	442.00±3.19a	10.35±0.12b	0.60±0.03b	42.73±0.70a	741.93±32.87a	17.39±0.90a

细根种类 Fine root type	林分类型 Stand type	分解方程 Decomposition equation	相关系数 Correlation coefficient (R²)	分解常数 Decomposition constant (k)	50%分解时间 50% decomposition time/a	95%分解时间 95% decomposition time/a
杉木 C. lanceolata	杉木林C. lanceolata forest	y=95.483e^{?0.359 t}	0.923 4	0.359±0.22b	1.93	8.34
	竹杉混交林Bamboo and fir mixed forest	y=95.434e^{?0.392 t}	0.903 2	0.392±0.038b	1.77	7.64
	毛竹林P. edulis forest	y=97.523e^{?0.408 t}	0.862 7	0.408±0.075b	1.70	7.34

毛竹 P. edulis	杉木林C. lanceolata forest	y=98.741e^{?0.570 t}	0.799 7	0.570±0.137ab	1.22	5.26
	竹杉混交林Bamboo and fir mixed forest	y=100e^{?0.674 t}	0.902 1	0.674±0.095ab	1.03	4.45
	毛竹林P. edulis forest	y=99.672e^{?0.812 t}	0.952 7	0.812±0.049a	0.85	3.69

细根种类 Fine root type	林分类型 Stand types	分解方程 Decomposition equation	相关系数 Correlation coefficient (R²)	分解常数 Decomposition constant (k)	50%分解时间 50% decomposition time/a	95%分解时间 95% decomposition time/a
喜树 C. acuminata	阔叶林Broad-leaved forest	y=96.73e^{?0.879 t}	0.901 2	0.879±0.146ab	0.79	3.41
	竹阔混交林Bamboo and broad-leaved mixed forest	y=92.242e^{?0.930 t}	0.942 2	0.930±0.053ab	0.75	3.22
	毛竹林P. edulis forest	y=95.144e^{?1.120 t}	0.965 3	1.120±0.045a	0.62	2.67

毛竹 P. edulis	阔叶林Broad-leaved forest	y=82.125e^{?0.387 t}	0.808 9	0.387±0.026c	1.79	7.74
	竹阔混交林Bamboo and broad-leaved mixed forest	y=97.906e^{?0.735 t}	0.933 5	0.735±0.079b	0.94	4.08
	毛竹林P. edulis forest	y=100e^{?0.840 t}	0.927 4	0.840±0.114ab	0.83	3.57

扩张序列 Expansion sequence	细根种类 Fine root type	土壤温度Soil temperature		土壤含水量Soil water content
扩张序列 Expansion sequence	细根种类 Fine root type	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	P	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	P
毛竹向杉木林扩张 P. edulis expansion to C. lanceolata forest	杉木C. lanceolata	?0.016	0.919	?0.288	0.055
毛竹向杉木林扩张 P. edulis expansion to C. lanceolata forest	毛竹P. edulis	0.326^*	0.029	0.076	0.621
毛竹向阔叶林扩张 P. edulis expansion to broad-leaved forest	喜树C. acuminata	?0.227	0.134	0.016	0.919
毛竹向阔叶林扩张 P. edulis expansion to broad-leaved forest	毛竹P. edulis	?0.023	0.880	?0.084	0.582