“山水工程”实施对林业绿色全要素生产率水平的影响——以浙江省钱塘江源头工程区为例

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240455

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探究“山水工程”实施对区域林业发展的影响及其作用机制，为完善基于经济与生态效益协同的生态保护修复工程可持续发展政策和规划提供理论支撑。方法: 以浙江省钱塘江源头区域实施山水林田湖草生态保护修复试点工程为研究对象，基于2010—2021年浙江省33个县域单元的面板数据，采用超效率SBM模型和双重差分模型方法，实证检验 “山水工程”实施对林业绿色全要素生产率水平变化的影响及其作用机制。结果: 1）“山水工程”实施对区域林业绿色全要素生产率水平产生显著的正向影响；2）“山水工程”实施可通过规制效应、公众效应提升林业绿色全要素生产率水平；3）“山水工程”实施对林业绿色全要素生产率水平的影响受区域地形影响而存在差异。结论: 要聚焦持续提升区域林业绿色全要素生产率水平，因地制宜，强化生态保护修复政策，优化资源管理制度，建立健全生态补偿、财政和绿色金融支持体系，加强绿色规制和公众参与，实现治理制度和治理体系现代化，推动工程可持续发展。

关键词: 山水工程, 林业绿色全要素生产率, 规制效应, 公众效应

Abstract:

Objective: Exploring the impact and mechanism of the“Shan-Shui Initiative”on the development of regional forestry to provide theoretical support for improving the sustainable development policy and planning of ecological protection and restoration projects based on the synergy of economic and ecological benefits. Method: Based on the panel data from 33 county-level units in Zhejiang Province from 2010 to 2021, this study empirically tested the impact mechanism of the implementation of the“Shan-Shui Initiative”on the change of forestry green total factor productivity level by using the super-efficient SBM model and difference-in-difference model method. Result: 1) The implementation of“Shan-Shui Initiative”has a significant positive impact on regional forestry green total factor productivity. 2) The“Shan-Shui Initiative”contributes to the improvement of forestry green total factor productivity through regulatory and public effects. 3) The impact of“Shan-Shui Initiative”on forestry green total factor productivity varies significantly across different regional topography. Conclusion: Effective implementation of“Shan-Shui Initiative”and enhancement of forestry green total factor productivity require strengthened ecological conservation policies, optimized resource management systems, establishment of ecological compensation and green finance mechanisms, and reinforced green regulations and public participation.

Key words: Shan-Shui Initiative, forestry green total factor productivity, regulatory effects, public effects.

中图分类号:

汪婧宇,卢泓钢,徐彩瑶,孔凡斌. “山水工程”实施对林业绿色全要素生产率水平的影响——以浙江省钱塘江源头工程区为例[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(8): 191-203.

Jingyu Wang,Honggang Lu,Caiyao Xu,Fanbin Kong. Impact of the Implementation of“Shan-Shui Initiative”on Forestry Green Total Factor Productivity: a Case Study of the Qiantang River Source Area in Zhejiang Province[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(8): 191-203.

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指标类型 Indicator type	指标名称 Indicator name	指标说明 Indicator description
投入指标 Input indicators	土地投入 Land input	林业用地面积 Area of forestry land
	能源投入 Energy input	地区能源消费总量×地区林业产业总产值/地区生产总值 Total regional energy consumption × regional forestry industry output value/gross regional domestic product
	劳动力投入 Labor input	林业系统单位从业人员年末人数 Number of employees in forestry system units at the end of the year
	资本投入 Capital input	林业固定资产完成投资存量 Completed investment stock of forestry fixed assets
期望产出指标 Desirable output indicators	经济产出 Economic output	地区林业产业总产值 Regional forestry industry output value
期望产出指标 Desirable output indicators	生态产出 Ecological output	造林总面积 Total area of afforestation
非期望产出指标 Undesirable output indicators	林产工业二氧化硫排放量 Sulfur dioxide emissions from forest industry	地区工业二氧化硫排放量×地区林业第二产业总产值/地区工业增加值 Regional industrial sulfur dioxide emissions × regional forestry secondary industry gross output value/regional industrial added value
	林产工业废水排放量 Wastewater discharge from forest industry	地区工业废水中COD排放量×地区林业第二产业总产值/地区工业增加值 COD discharge in regional industrial wastewater × regional forestry secondary industry gross output value/regional industrial added value
	林产工业固体废弃物产生量 Solid waste generation from forest industry	地区工业固体废弃物产生量×地区林业第二产业总产值/地区工业增加值 Regional industrial solid waste production × regional forestry secondary industry gross output value/regional industrial added value

变量 Variable	指标 Indicator	全样本Full sample			试验组Experimental group
变量 Variable	指标 Indicator	样本量 Observations	均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation	样本量 Observations	均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation
被解释变量 Dependent variable	林业绿色全要素生产率 Forestry green total factor productivity	363	0.882	0.418	36	1.091	0.276
控制变量 Control variables	经济发展水平（元，取ln） Economic development level （yuan， take ln）	363	10.905	0.461	36	11.229	0.305
	林业从业人员密度 Forestry employment density	363	0.243	0.140	36	0.212	0.106
	森林覆盖率 Forest coverage rate（%）	363	0.828	0.251	36	0.792	0.286
	地方财政压力 Local government fiscal stress	363	2.618	1.562	36	2.370	1.735
机制变量 Mechanism variable	政府关注度 Government attention	363	9.958	10.671	36	21.399	12.049
	经济集聚度Economic agglomeration	363	0.232	0.309	36	0.444	0.599
	公众关注度 Public attention	363	99.189	14.597	36	111.178	17.46

项目Item	（1）	（2）
DID	0.181^**	0.242^**
DID	[0.074]	[0.100]
林业从业人员密度 Forestry employment density		0.646 [0.424]
控制变量Control variable		√
常数项 Constant term	0.839^***	?0.920
常数项 Constant term	[0.052]	[4.359]
时间效应Time effect	√	√
地区效应Regional effect	√	√
N	363	363
R²	0.026	0.108

项目Item	平原 Plain	山地 Mountain area	丘陵 Hill
DID	0.064	0.238^**	0.431^***
DID	[0.038 9]	[0.103 5]	[0.122 8]
控制变量 Control variable	√	√	√
	10.069^***	0.125	?4.231
常数项 Constant term	[1.005]	[4.881]	[11.986]
N	66	131	166
R²	0.521	0.246	0.115

项目Item	规制效应（政府关注度） Regulatory effect (Government attention)	集聚效应（经济集聚度） Agglomeration effect (Economic agglomeration)	公众效应（公共关注度）Public effect (Public attention)
DID	13.560^**	0.043 2	3.322^***
DID	[4.999]	[0.096]	[0.581]
控制变量 Control variable	√	√	√
常数项 Constant term	?5.914	?0.373	130.9^***
常数项 Constant term	[121.125]	[1.566]	[24.374]
N	363	363	363
R²	0.221	0.186	0.329