以竹代塑加工技术与产品现状及其市场发展潜力

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20230140

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

我国竹资源丰富、竹加工技术先进、研发能力过硬、国际竞争力强，竹产业是我国绿色朝阳产业，在发展绿色经济、推进国家生态文明建设和现代林业建设，以及践行“一带一路”、乡村振兴和精准扶贫等国家战略中发挥着重要作用。当前，传统塑料行业面临非可再生资源依赖度高、能源消耗大、环境污染严重等挑战，随着世界经济的发展以及人们对环保的重视，各国政府和组织已启动多项“限塑禁塑”政策和措施并推广可持续塑料替代品的行动。竹子是一种加工单元多样、材性优良、可再生可降解的环保低碳优质生物质材料，具有很大的加工选择性和产品可设计性，可为相适应的以竹代塑产品开发提供多种可能和选择。作为一种环保型替代方案，以竹代塑逐渐受到政府、市场和消费者的青睐。2022年11月，中国政府同国际竹藤组织携手共同发起“以竹代塑”倡议，推动各国减少塑料污染，应对气候变化，加快落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程。2023年11月，《“以竹代塑”全球行动计划（2023—2030）》在首届以竹代塑国际研讨会开幕式上正式发布，提出以竹代塑六大行动目标、23项具体行动。中国向全世界发出“以竹代塑”的强音和保护生态环境的决心，多项以竹代塑决策陆续部署，为竹产业发展提供了有力支持。本研究基于我国竹资源和竹产业的优势特点以及传统塑料行业的绿色转型需求，分析以竹代塑替代方案的迫切需求和可行性；着重梳理汽车部件、家用电器壳体、冷却塔填料、管道管材、建筑装饰材、一次性餐具等典型重点行业产品现状及其以竹代塑加工技术和产品市场发展潜力，提出以竹代塑行动建议、发展趋势与展望，旨在为我国以竹代塑技术产品的推广和应用提供一定参考。

关键词: 以竹代塑, 限塑禁塑, 加工技术, 重点行业, 市场分析, 行动建议

Abstract:

China has a wealth of bamboo resources, cutting-edge bamboo processing technologies, strong research and development capabilities, and strong international competitiveness. The bamboo industry is a green and promising sector of the Chinese economy that contributes significantly to the advancement of both economic growth and environmental protection. The conventional plastics sector is currently confronted with issues such a heavy reliance on non-renewable resources, excessive energy consumption, and significant environmental damage. Governments and groups around the world have introduced a number of “plastic ban” policies and initiatives to promote sustainable plastic alternatives in response to the expansion of the global economy and people’s rising concern for environmental protection. Bamboo presents a range of opportunities and options for the development of bamboo-based plastic substitutes because it is an eco-friendly, low-carbon, renewable, and degradable bio-based material with a variety of processing units, excellent material properties, and great processing selectivity and product designability. Bamboo-based plastic substitutes have steadily garnered regulatory, commercial, and consumer favor as an eco-friendly replacement. The Bamboo as a Substitute for Plastic Initiative was introduced in November 2022 by the Chinese government and the International Bamboo and Rattan Organization in an effort to reduce plastic pollution, combat climate change, and quicken the implementation of the UN 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda. In November 2023, 《The Global Action Plan for Bamboo as a Substitute for Plastic (2023—2030)》 was officially released. With the Bamboo as a Substitute for Plastic Initiative, China has made it clear that it is committed to protecting the environment, and various decision-making levels have been used to strongly encourage the development of the bamboo industry. This article analyzes the urgent need for and viability of alternative bamboo to plastic solutions based on the benefits of China’s bamboo resources and bamboo industry as well as the traditional plastic industry’s need for a green transformation. This paper focuses on the current state of typical key industry products like automotive parts, electric appliance shells, cooling tower tower packings, pipes and tubes, building decoration materials, and disposable tableware and their potential for bamboo as a substitute for plastic. Furthermore, the study proposes actionable recommendations, development trends, and future prospects for the adoption of bamboo as a substitute for plastic. This research seeks to provide some reference for the promotion and deployment of bamboo-based plastic alternative technologies and goods in China.

Key words: bamboo as a substitute for plastic, plastic ban, processing technology, key industries, market analysis, action proposal

中图分类号:

叶翰舟,傅金和,程海涛,陈复明,杨淑艳,王戈. 以竹代塑加工技术与产品现状及其市场发展潜力[J]. 林业科学, 2024, 60(1): 129-141.

Hanzhou Ye,Jinhe Fu,Haitao Cheng,Fuming Chen,Shuyan Yang,Ge Wang. The Current Status and Market Development Potential of Processing Technology and Products Using Bamboo as a Substitute for Plastic[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2024, 60(1): 129-141.

图/表 10

表1

不同竹材单元的材性特征及其相适应的代塑产品"

竹单元 Bamboo units	竹材特性 Property characteristics	塑料产品 Plastic products	产品性能需求 Product performance requirements	以竹代塑产品 Bamboo-based plastic substitute products
竹片、竹条 Bamboo slice, bamboo strip	纵向拉伸强度高、柔韧性好 High longitudinal tensile strength and good flexibility	塑料淋水填料、塑料竹筋格栅、栅栏等 Plastic watering filler, plastic bamboo grille, fence, etc.	力学强度较高、柔韧性好、耐久、耐高低温 Mechanically robust, highly flexible, durable, and resistant to extreme temperatures	冷却塔淋水填料、土工格栅、栅栏等 Cooling tower watering filler, geogrid, fence, etc.
竹束、微薄竹、精刨竹条 Bamboo bundle, fine bamboo veneer, fine planed bamboo strip	表面致密、硬度大、耐磨损，色泽清爽、纹理自然、易于设计 Dense surface with high hardness and abrasion resistance Fresh color, natural texture, easy to design	电子电器产品的塑料壳体 Plastic shells for electronic and electrical products 塑料墙板、装饰装修材料等塑料建材等 Plastic wall panels, decorative materials, and other plastic building materials	耐磨损、耐久、触感舒适、审美装饰性、无毒害 Durable, long-lasting, providing a comfortable tactile experience, aesthetically decorative, and non-toxic	产品内/外壳体、包装 Product inner/outer shell and packaging 建筑围护、装饰装修产品等 Building envelope, decoration products, etc.
竹篾 Bamboo sliver	拉伸强度高、韧性好 High tensile strength and good toughness	大径塑料管道、管廊 Large diameter plastic pipes and pipe racks	适应不同曲率弯曲且力学强度较高、健康环保、满足多种产品形状需求 Adapt to different curvature bending and high mechanical strength, health and environmental protection, to meet the needs of a variety of product shapes	竹缠绕管道、管廊等 Bamboo wrapped pipes, pipe galleries, etc
连续竹纤维 Continuous bamboo fiber	成本低、结构可设计 Low cost and designable structure	风管、水管等小径塑料管 Small diameter plastic pipes/tubes such as air ducts and water pipes/tubes		由连续竹纤维缠绕制成的风管、水管等输送管道 Air ducts and water pipes made by winding bamboo fiber yarn
竹长纤维 Bamboo long fiber	轻质均匀、交织性能好、易成型 Lightweight and uniform, with good interweaving performance and easy molding	高铁、汽车等交通运输工具的塑料内饰件等 Plastic interior components for high-speed rail, automobiles and other transportation vehicles 塑料建筑墙板、装饰材等 Plastic building wall panels and decorative materials	绿色低碳、轻量化、健康环保、保温吸音 Green low-carbon, lightweight, health and environmental protection, thermal insulation and sound absorption	以竹纤维毡为主要原料的汽车、高铁、游艇等交通运输用异型内饰件 Automotive, high-speed rail, yacht and other transportation interior parts with irregular shapes made mainly of residential fiber felt 墙板、建筑装饰材 Bamboo fiber based wall panels and building decorative materials
竹短纤维 Bamboo short fiber	竹纤维拉伸强度高，竹纤维长细比大、易交织成型 High tensile strength of bamboo fiber, large bamboo fiber length to thickness ratio, and easy to interweave molding	一次性塑料餐盒、餐盘、杯、碗等一次性塑料制品 Disposable plastic products such as disposable plastic lunch boxes, dinner plates, cups, bowls, etc. 塑料托盘、塑料包装等 Plastic pallets, plastic packaging, etc.	强度适宜、耐渗透、环保可降解、成本低、生产效率高 Optimal strength, permeation resistance, environmentally friendly and degradable, low cost, and high production efficiency	一次性竹纤维餐具、托盘、工业品包装等竹纤维异型模塑产品 Disposable bamboo fiber tableware, trays, industrial packaging and other bamboo fiber shaped molded products

表1

图1

图2

图3

表2

表3

2011年至今我国国家层面出台的竹产业相关政策"

年份Year	部门/机构Departments/Agencies	政策 Policies
2011	国家林业局 State Forestry Administration	《林业发展“十二五”规划》 The 12th Five Year Plan for Forestry Development
2013	国家林业局 State Forestry Administration	《全国竹产业发展规划（2013—2020年）》 National Bamboo Industry Development Plan (2013-2020)
2016	国家林业局 State Forestry Administration	《林业发展“十三五”规划》 The 13th Five Year Plan for Forestry Development
2017	国家林业局、国家发展和改革委员会、科技部等十一部委 Eleven ministries and commissions including State Forestry Administration, National Development and Reform Commission, and Ministry of Science and Technology	《林业产业发展“十三五”规划》 The 13th Five Year Plan for the Development of Forestry Industry
2021	国家林业和草原局、国家发展和改革委员会、科技部等十部委 Ten ministries and commissions, including National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Development and Reform Commission, and Ministry of Science and Technology	《关于加快推进竹产业创新发展的意见》 Opinions on Accelerating the Innovative Development of Bamboo Industry
2021	国家林业和草原局、国家发展和改革委员会 National Forestry and Grassland Administration and National Development and Reform Commission	《“十四五”林业草原保护发展规划纲要》 Outline of the "14th Five Year Plan" for the Protection and Development of Forestry and Grassland
2022	国家林业和草原局 National Forestry and Grassland Administration	《林草产业发展规划（2021—2025年）》 Development Plan for Forest and Grass Industry (2021—2025)
2022	中国竹产业协会 China Bamboo Industry Association	《全国竹产业发展规划（2021—2030年）》 National Bamboo Industry Development Plan (2021—2030)
2023	国家发展和改革委员会、工业和信息化部、财政部、国家林业和草原局 National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Finance, and National Forestry and Grassland Administration	《加快“以竹代塑”发展三年行动计划》 Three-year Action Plan to Accelerate the Development of Bamboo as a Substitute for Plastic

表3

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图5

图6

图7

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项目Item	全国竹藤标准化技术委员会 National Technical Committee for Bamboo and Rattan Standardization		国际标准化组织 International Organization for Standardization
项目Item	SAC/TC263		ISO/TC296		ISO/TC165
状态 Status	颁布 Issued	在研 Under research	颁布 Issued	在研 Under research	颁布 Issued	在研 Under research
国家/国际标准 National/international standards/items	27	9	9	3	4	3
林业行业标准 Forestry industry standards /items	76	41	—	—	—	—
总计Total/items	103	50	9	3	4	3