不同砧穗组合楸树嫁接苗的生理生化特性

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20230055

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 分析比较不同砧穗组合间生理指标的差异，为楸树嫁接砧穗组合的选择及亲和性、生长状况的评价提供参考依据。方法: 以‘南林1号’、‘洛楸’、‘苏楸1号’为接穗，梓树、滇楸为砧木进行嫁接，测定各嫁接组合的成活率、渗透调节物质含量、抗氧化酶活性、内源激素含量，对各生理指标进行相关性分析并使用主成分分析法和正交偏最小二乘判别分析法综合评价各嫁接组合。结果: 1）在6个砧穗组合中，滇楸/‘南林1号’的成活率最高，为76.91%，滇楸/‘苏楸1号’的成活率最低，为32.05%。2）各嫁接组合的可溶性糖和淀粉含量总体呈先降后升再降的趋势，抗氧化酶活性呈先升后降的趋势，且均在嫁接5个月后达到最大值，而内源激素含量总体在嫁接4个月后达到最大值。3）在整个测量期，除以‘苏楸1号’为接穗的嫁接组合外，滇砧嫁接组合的可溶性糖含量、淀粉含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性、脱落酸（ABA）含量等均在不同程度上大于梓砧嫁接组合。4） 6个砧穗组合的主成分分析综合评价得分由高到低依次为滇楸/‘南林1号’>梓树/‘南林1号’>梓树/‘苏楸1号’>滇楸/‘洛楸’>梓树/‘洛楸’>滇楸/‘苏楸1号’。结论: 滇楸适合作为‘南林1号’和‘洛楸’的砧木，梓树适合作为‘苏楸1号’的砧木。在6个砧穗组合中，滇楸/‘南林1号’综合表现最佳，滇楸/‘苏楸1号‘综合表现最差。超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性、生长素（IAA）含量、脱落酸（ABA）含量可以作为反映楸树嫁接植株亲和性和生长状况的主要生理指标。

关键词: 楸树, 嫁接, 砧穗组合, 生理生化特性, 多元统计分析

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to compare and analyze the differences in physiological indicators among different combinations of rootstocks and scions of Catalpa bungei, so as to provide a reference basis for the selection of rootstock and scion combinations and the evaluation of their affinity and growth status. Method: The grafting was carried out with Catalpa bungei ‘Nanlin No.1’, Catalpa bungei ‘Luoqiu’ and Catalpa bungei ‘Suqiu No.1’ as scions, and Catalpa ovata and Catalpa fargesii as rootstocks, and the survival rate, osmoregulatory substance content, antioxidant enzyme activity, endogenous hormone content of each grafting combination were determined. Correlation analysis was conducted on various physiological indicators, and the principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate each grafting combination. Result: 1) The survival rate of the C. fargesii/C. bungei ‘Nanlin No.1’ combination was the greatest among the six rootstock and scion combinations, reaching up to 76.91%, and the survival rate of the C. fargesii/C. bungei ‘Suqiu No.1’ combination was the lowest, as low as 32.05%. 2) The soluble sugar and starch contents of each grafting combination showed a general trend of decreasing, then increasing and then decreasing, and the antioxidant enzyme activities showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing, and all of them reached the maximum after 5 months of grafting. However, the endogenous hormone contents reached the maximum after 4 months of grafting in general. 3) Throughout the measurement period, the soluble sugar content, starch content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, and abscisic acid (ABA) content of C. fargesii rootstock grafting combinations were all to varying degrees greater than those of C. ovata rootstock grafting combinations, except for the grafting combination with C. bungei ‘Suqiu No.1’ as the scion. 4) The overall evaluation scores of the six combinations were as follows: C. fargesii/C. bungei ‘Nanlin No.1’ > C. ovata/C. bungei ‘Nanlin No.1’ > C. ovata/C. bungei ‘Suqiu No.1’ > C. fargesii/C. bungei ‘Luoqiu’ > C. ovata/C. bungei ‘Luoqiu’ > C. fargesii/C. bungei ‘Suqiu No.1’. Conclusion: C. fargesii is suitable as rootstock for C. bungei ‘Nanlin No.1’ and C. bungei ‘Luoqiu’, and C. ovata is suitable as rootstock for C. bungei ‘Suqiu No.1’. Among the six combinations, C. fargesii/C. bungei ‘Nanlin No.1’ has the best-combined performance and C. fargesii/C. bungei ‘Suqiu No.1’ has the worst-combined performance. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, auxin (IAA) content, and abscisic acid (ABA) content can be used as the main physiological indicators to reflect the affinity and growth status of grafted plants of C. bungei.

Key words: Catalpa bungei, grafting, rootstock and scion combination, physiological and biochemical characteristics, multivariate statistical analysis

中图分类号:

何荷,贾瑞瑞,付钰,祝艳艳,王良桂,杨秀莲. 不同砧穗组合楸树嫁接苗的生理生化特性[J]. 林业科学, 2023, 59(10): 99-112.

He He,Ruirui Jia,Yu Fu,Yanyan Zhu,Lianggui Wang,Xiulian Yang. Physiological and Biochemical Traits of Grafted Seedlings of Catalpa bungei with Various Combinations of Rootstocks and Scions[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(10): 99-112.

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序号 Order	砧木 Stock	接穗 Scion	文中简称 Abbreviation in the text
1	梓树Catalpa ovata（Z）	‘南林1号’Catalpa bungei ‘Nanlin No.1’（N）	ZN
2		‘洛楸’Catalpa bungei ‘Luoqiu’（L）	ZL
3		‘苏楸1号’Catalpa bungei ‘Suqiu No.1’（S）	ZS
4	滇楸Catalpa fargesii f. duclouxii（D）	‘南林1号’Catalpa bungei ‘Nanlin No.1’（N）	DN
5		‘洛楸’Catalpa bungei ‘Luoqiu’（L）	DL
6		‘苏楸1号’（S）Catalpa bungei ‘Suqiu No.1’（S）	DS

嫁接组合 Grafting combination	砧木 Stock	接穗 Scion	成活率 Survival rate (%)
ZN	梓树Catalpa ovata（Z）	‘南林1号’ Catalpa bungei ‘Nanlin No.1’（N）	59.08±0.036c
DN	滇楸Catalpa fargesii f. duclouxii（D）	‘南林1号’ Catalpa bungei ‘Nanlin No.1’（N）	76.91±0.027a
ZL	梓树Catalpa ovata（Z）	‘洛楸’ Catalpa bungei ‘Luoqiu’（L）	72.35±0.025b
DL	滇楸Catalpa fargesii f. duclouxii（D）	‘洛楸’ Catalpa bungei ‘Luoqiu’（L）	73.22±0.049b
ZS	梓树Catalpa ovata（Z）	‘苏楸1号’ Catalpa bungei ‘Suqiu No.1’（S）	60.95±0.064c
DS	滇楸Catalpa fargesii f. duclouxii（D）	‘苏楸1号’ Catalpa bungei ‘Suqiu No.1’（S）	32.05±0.038d

项目 Projects		第1主成分 Principal component 1	第2主成分 Principal component 2	第3主成分 Principal component 3	第4主成分 Principal component 4
特征值 Eigenvalue		3.840	3.470	1.433	1.088
方差贡献率 Variance contribution (%)		34.910	31.545	13.026	9.887
累计贡献率 Cumulative percentage (%)		34.910	66.456	79.481	89.368
因子载荷 Load	糖Sugar	0.436	?0.641	0.038	0.534
	淀粉Starch	0.865	0.367	?0.051	?0.189
	蛋白质Protein	?0.342	0.212	0.711	0.354
	超氧化物歧化酶SOD	0.823	0.430	0.178	0.273
	过氧化物酶POD	0.875	0.033	0.396	0.027
	过氧化氢酶CAT	?0.104	0.829	0.339	0.008
	多酚氧化酶PPO	0.596	0.739	0.018	?0.068
	生长素IAA	0.729	?0.381	?0.440	0.171
	脱落酸ABA	0.023	0.810	?0.362	?0.251
	赤霉素GA₃	?0.660	0.612	?0.137	0.349
	玉米素核苷ZR	?0.076	0.535	?0.526	0.590

嫁接组合 Stock-scion combination	各公因子得分 Score of each common factor				综合得分 Comprehensive score	排序 Order
嫁接组合 Stock-scion combination	Y1	Y2	Y3	Y4	综合得分 Comprehensive score	排序 Order
ZN	0.326 026	0.409 015	?0.134 540	?0.018 99	0.581 511	2
DN	0.979 263	0.616 733	?0.009 420	?0.082 41	1.504 167	1
ZL	?0.903 250	0.060 637	0.185 514	?0.114 05	?0.771 150	5
DL	?0.773 430	0.599 674	?0.034 810	0.1581 43	?0.050 430	4
ZS	0.778 384	?0.718 250	0.188 854	0.114 83	0.363 813	3
DS	?0.406 990	?0.967 800	?0.195 600	?0.057 51	?1.627 910	6

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