鼎湖山森林流域地表水与地下水水质的长期特征

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220299

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的探究森林流域地表水、地下水的水质特征及其动态变化，为区域环境变化应对及生态环境建设与管理提供参考依据。方法以鼎湖山国家级保护区东沟完整流域为对象，依照中国生态系统研究网络森林水环境监测规范，对鼎湖山森林流域流动地表水、浅层地下水水质开展长期定位观测。结果研究期间（2005—2018年），鼎湖山流域大气降水整体呈现为弱酸性（pH值为5.85±1.10）；相较于同期大气降水，森林流域流动地表水显著酸化（pH值为4.76±0.58，P<0.01），而流域下游浅层地下水则有一定程度的酸度改善。整体上，大气降水的矿化度较低，且无论干、湿季，浅层地下水矿化度均极显著高于大气降水和流动地表水（P<0.01）；对溶解氧和化学需氧量指标的长期测定结果均表明鼎湖山森林流域地表水、地下水受人为污染的程度低，水质优。通过对水体中主要离子含量的比较分析发现，流域下游浅层地下水水体阳离子Na⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺和阴离子SO₄^2?、Cl^?含量均极显著高于流动地表水（尤其是Ca²⁺和K⁺增幅剧烈），而NO₃^?在地下水中含量却显著低于流动地表水（P<0.05）；除浅层地下水中SO₄^2?含量存在干、湿季间的显著性差异（P=0.03）外，其余离子的季节间差异均未达到显著水平。结论严格保护下的鼎湖山森林流域地表水、地下水水质均较优，可以作为该区域水环境治理的本底参考。

关键词: 森林水文, 水质, 水化学特征, 水文服务, 中国生态系统研究网络

Abstract: Objective This study aimed to explore the water quality characteristics and changes of surface water and groundwater in forested watershed, and provided an important reference for combating regional environmental changes and the development of the ecological environment. Method This study took the Donggou watershed in Dinghushan National Reserve as the object, and relied on the long-term observation of the water quality in flowing surface water and shallow groundwater in the watershed based on the monitoring specification of forest water environment issued by the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network.Result The results showed that during the study period (2005—2018), the precipitation in the Dinghushan watershed was weak acidic (pH: 5.85±1.10). Compared with the acidity in precipitation, surface water showed significant acidification (4.76±0.58, P<0.01), while groundwater had a certain degree of improvement of acidity. On the whole, the salinity in precipitation was lower , and salinity in groundwater was significantly higher than that in precipitation and surface water in both dry and wet seasons (P<0.01). The long-term measurement of dissolved oxygen and chemical oxygen demand also showed that anthropogenic pollution of surface water and groundwater was low, and the water quality was good. Through the comparative analysis of the main ion content, it was found that the Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, SO₄^2?, and Cl^? in groundwater were significantly higher than the corresponding ion content in surface water (especially the Ca²⁺ and K⁺), while the content of NO₃^? in groundwater was significantly lower than that of surface water (P<0.05). In addition, the study also found significant difference in the content of SO₄^2? in groundwater between dry and wet seasons (P=0.03), while the inter-seasonal differences of other ions were not significant.Conclusion The quality of surface water and groundwater in the well-protected Dinghushan forested watershed was good, which can be used as a reference for the management of the water environment in this area.

Key words: forest hydrology, water quality, hydrochemical characteristic, hydrological service, CERN

中图分类号:

S715-3
X832

刘效东, 褚国伟, 焦正利, 张卫强, 张倩媚, 刘菊秀. 鼎湖山森林流域地表水与地下水水质的长期特征[J]. 林业科学, 2024, 60(2): 21-31.

Liu Xiaodong, Chu Guowei, Jiao Zhengli, Zhang Weiqiang, Zhang Qianmei, Liu Juxiu. Long-Term Characteristics of Water Quality of Surface Water and Groundwater in Dinghushan Forested Watershed[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2024, 60(2): 21-31.

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