利用Biome-BGC模型模拟黄土区沙棘人工林碳通量时的生理生态参数敏感性

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20221105

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 分析生态过程模型模拟结果对植被生理生态参数的敏感性，通过优化此类参数提高模型模拟的准确性。方法: 基于黄土丘陵区沙棘人工林2016—2018年的碳通量观测数据，对Biome-BGC模型进行参数优化及模型结果验证。采用扩展傅里叶幅度敏感性检验方法，分析该模型中27个生理生态参数的一阶和总敏感性，探讨不同参数单独或相互作用对模型模拟结果精度的影响，并筛选出高（>0.2）、中（0.1~0.2）等级的总敏感性参数。同时，使用通径分析计算上述敏感性参数对模型模拟碳通量的正、负影响。结果: 参数优化后的Biome-BGC模型能很好地模拟黄土区沙棘人工林碳通量季节动态。敏感性分析表明，新生长的细根碳含量与新生长的叶碳含量比和阴生叶与阳生叶比叶面积比例对该人工林总生态系统生产力（GEP）、生态系统呼吸（RE）和净生态系统生产力（NEP）均具有高的总敏感性，且新生长的细根碳含量与新生长的叶碳含量比对碳通量的一阶敏感性也较高。通径分析表明，新生长的细根碳含量与新生长的叶碳含量比对该人工林GEP、RE和NEP均具有显著的负影响（P < 0.001），其主要通过影响叶片和细根碳氮的总量和分配比例来影响光合和呼吸作用。而阴生叶与阳生叶比叶面积比则主要通过影响叶片接收的光照面积和光照强度来影响植物光合和呼吸作用，因而其对沙棘人工林GEP、RE和NEP均有显著的正影响（P < 0.001）。结论: 在利用Biome-BGC模型模拟黄土丘陵区沙棘人工林的碳通量时，新生长的细根碳含量与新生长的叶碳含量比和阴生叶与阳生叶比叶面积比是高敏感性参数，优化上述参数能提高Biome-BGC模型模拟的准确性。

关键词: Biome-BGC模型, 碳通量, 沙棘人工林, 敏感性分析

Abstract:

Objective: Sensitivity analysis of the ecophysiological parameters in ecological process models was conducted to improve the accuracy of model simulations by optimizing these parameters. Method: The carbon fluxes observed during 2016-2018 in Hippophae rhamnoides plantation in the Loess Hilly region was used to optimize the parameters of Biome-BGC model and evaluate its applicability and accuracy. The extended fourier amplitude sensitivity test method was used to analyze the first-order sensitivity and total sensitivity of the 27 selected ecophysiological parameters in this model. The effects of these parameters alone or their interactions on the accuracy of simulated carbon fluxes were investigated. The total sensitivity parameters were selected based on high level (> 0.2) and medium level (0.1-0.2) criteria. Path analysis was conducted to calculate the positive and negative effects of these parameters on the Biome-BGC model. Result: The result showed that after optimizing the parameters, the Biome-BGC model was effective at simulating the seasonal dynamics of the carbon fluxes in the H. rhamnoides plantation. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the ratio of new fine root carbon relative to leaf carbon and the ratio of shady leaf area relative to sun leaf area (SLA_{shade: sun}) exhibited high total sensitivity to the gross ecosystem productivity (GEP), ecosystem respiration (RE), and net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in the plantation. The ratio of new fine root carbon relative to leaf carbon also exhibited high first-order sensitivity to the carbon fluxes. Path analysis suggested that the ratio of fine root carbon relative to leaf carbon had significant and negative effects on GEP, RE, and NEP in the H. hamnoides plantation (P < 0.001) through its effects on the relative carbon and nitrogen contents of the leaves and fine roots. In addition, the ratio of shady leaf area relative to sun leaf area had significant and positive effects on the carbon fluxes (P < 0.001) through its effects on the intensity and area of light on the leaves. Both the plant photosynthesis and respiration processes were directly influenced by the relative carbon and nitrogen contents of the leaves and fine roots, and light intensity and area. Conclusion: The ratio of new fine root carbon relative to leaf carbon and the ratio of shady leaf area relative to sun leaf area were highly sensitive parameters to simulate GEP, RE, and NEP through Biome-BGC model in a H. rhamnoides plantation in the loess hilly region. Optimizing these sensitive parameters can improve the accuracy of carbon fluxes simulation of Biome-BGC model.

Key words: Biome-BGC model, carbon flux, Hippophae rhamnoides plantation, sensitivity analysis

中图分类号:

S718.5

贾畅,王丽娜,唐亚坤. 利用Biome-BGC模型模拟黄土区沙棘人工林碳通量时的生理生态参数敏感性[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(11): 49-60.

Chang Jia,Lina Wang,Yakun Tang. Sensitivity Analysis of Ecophysiological Parameters for the Simulated Carbon Flux Using the Biome-BGC Model in a Hippophae rhamnoides Plantation in the Loess Region[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(11): 49-60.

图/表 8

表1

表2

优化后沙棘人工林生理生态参数"

参数 Parameter	取值 Values	参数来源 Source	参数 Parameter	取值 Values	参数来源Source
生长转化期天数占生长季天数比例 Transfer growth period as fraction of growing season	0.337	优化 Optimized	细根易分解物质质量占细根总质量的比例 Fine root labile proportion	0.3	默认 Default
凋落期天数占生长季天数比例 Litterfall period as fraction of growing season	0.179	优化 Optimized	细根纤维素质量占细根总质量的比例 Fine root cellulose proportion	0.45	默认 Default
叶和细根生物量的年变化比 Annual leaf and fine root turnoverfraction	1	默认 Default	细根木质素质量占细根总质量的比例 Fine root lignin proportion	0.25	默认 Default
活木木质部生物量的年变化比 Annual live wood turnover fraction	0.7	默认 Default	枯木纤维素质量占死木总质量的比例 Dead wood cellulose proportion	0.76	默认 Default
植物的年死亡率 Annual whole-plant mortality fraction	5×10^-6	优化 Optimized	枯木木质素质量占死木总质量的比例 Dead wood lignin proportion	0.24	默认 Default
植物受火灾影响的年死亡率 Annual fire mortality fraction	0	实测 Measurement	冠层水分截获系数 Canopy water interception coefficient/(LAI^-1d^-1)	5×10^-7	优化 Optimized
新生长的细根碳含量与新生长的叶碳含量比 New fine root C∶new leaf C	1	优化 Optimized	冠层消光系数 Canopy light extinction coefficient	3.255	优化 Optimized
新生长的茎秆碳含量与新生长的叶碳含量比 New stem C∶new leaf C	1.07	实测 Measurement	投影叶面积与全部叶面积的比 Projected to all-sided leaf area ratio	0.459	优化 Optimized
新生长的活木木质部碳含量与新生长的总木质部碳含量比 New live wood C∶new total wood C	0.1	默认 Default	冠层平均比叶面积 Canopy average specific leaf area/(m²·kg^-1)	2.825	优化 Optimized
新生长的根系碳含量与新生长的茎秆碳含量分配比 New root C∶new stem C	0.23	默认 Default	阴生叶与阳生叶比叶面积比 Ratio of shaded SLA∶sunlit SLA	0.15	优化 Optimized
植物新增生物量占植物生物量的比 Current growth proportion	0.287	优化 Optimized	二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶中氮含量 Fraction of leaf N in Rubisco	0.123	优化 Optimized
叶片碳氮含量比 C∶N of leaves	36	实测 Measurement	最大气孔导度 Maximum stomatal conductance/(m·s^-1)	0.005	优化 Optimized
凋落物碳氮含量比 C∶N of leaf litter after retranslocation	64	实测 Measurement	角质层导度 Cuticular conductance/(m·s^-1)	0.001	优化 Optimized
细根碳氮含量比 C∶N of fine roots	62	实测 Measurement	边界层导度 Boundary layer conductance/(m·s^-1)	0.04	优化 Optimized
活木木质部碳氮含量比 C∶N of live wood	90	实测 Measurement	叶水势传导上限(气孔导度开始降低时的值) Leaf water potential: start of conductance reduction/MPa	－0.6	优化 Optimized
枯木木质部碳氮含量比 C∶N of dead wood	500	实测 Measurement	叶水势传导下限(气孔导度关闭时的值) Leaf water potential: complete conductance reduction/MPa	－2.3	优化 Optimized
凋落物易分解物质质量占总质量的比例 Leaf litter labile proportion	0.39	默认 Default	水汽压差限制传导上限(气孔导度开始降低时的值) Vapor pressure deficit: start of conductance reduction/Pa	930	优化 Optimized
凋落物纤维素质量占总质量的比例 Leaf litter cellulose proportion	0.44	默认 Default	水汽压差限制传导下限(气孔导度关闭时的值) Vapor pressure deficit: complete conductance reduction/Pa	4.1×10³	优化 Optimized
凋落物木质素质量占总质量的比例 Leaf litter lignin proportion	0.17	默认 Default

表2

表3

参与敏感性分析的沙棘人工林生理生态参数取值范围"

参数 Parameter	取值范围 Values range	参数 Parameter	取值范围 Values range
生长转化期天数占生长季天数比例 Transfer growth period as fraction of growing season	(0.406, 0.271)	冠层水分截获系数 Canopy water interception coefficient/(LAI^-1d^-1)	(6×10^-7, 4×10^-7)
凋落期天数占生长季天数比例 Litterfall period as fraction of growing season	(0.215, 0.143)	冠层消光系数 Canopy light extinction coefficient	(3.906, 2.604)
叶和细根生物量的年变化比 Annual leaf and fine root turnover fraction	(1.2, 0.8)	投影叶面积与全部叶面积的比 Projected to all-sided leaf area ratio	(0.55, 0.367)
活木木质部生物量的年变化比 Annual live wood turnover fraction	(0.84, 0.56)	冠层平均比叶面积 Canopy average specific leaf area/(m²·kg^-1)	(3.390 2.260)
新生长的细根碳含量与新生长的叶碳含量比 New fine root C∶new leaf C	(1.2, 0.8)	阴生叶与阳生叶比叶面积比 Ratio of shaded SLA∶sunlit SLA	(0.18, 0.12)
新生长的茎秆碳含量与新生长的叶碳含量比 New stem C∶new leaf C	(1.284, 0.856)	二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶中氮含量 Fraction of leaf N in rubisco	(0.148, 0.099)
新生长的活木木质部碳含量与新生长的总木质部碳含量比 New live wood C∶new total wood C	(0.12, 0.08)	最大气孔导度 Maximum stomatal conductance/(m·s^-1)	(0.006, 0.004)
新生长的根系碳含量与新生长的茎秆碳含量分配比 New root C∶new stem C	(0.276, 0.184)	角质层导度 Cuticular conductance/(m·s^-1)	(0.002, 0.001)
植物新增生物量占植物生物量的比 Current growth proportion	(0.343, 0.229)	边界层导度 Boundary layer conductance/(m·s^-1)	(0.048, 0.032)
叶片碳氮含量比 C∶N of leaves	(43.2, 28.8)	叶水势传导上限(气孔导度开始降低时的值) Leaf water potential: start of conductance reduction/MPa	(－0.72, －0.48)
凋落物碳氮含量比 C∶N of leaf litter, after retranslocation	(76.8, 51.2)	叶水势传导下限(气孔导度关闭时的值) Leaf water potential: complete conductance reduction/MPa	(－2.76, －1.84)
细根碳氮含量比 C∶N of fine roots	(74.4, 49.6)	水汽压差限制传导上限(气孔导度开始降低时的值) Vapor pressure deficit: start of conductance reduction/Pa	(1 116, 744)
活木木质部碳氮含量比 C∶N of live wood	(108, 72)	水汽压差限制传导下限(气孔导度关闭时的值) Vapor pressure deficit: complete conductance reduction/Pa	(4 920, 3 280)
枯木木质部碳氮含量比 C∶N of dead wood	(600, 400)

表3

图1

图2

图3

图4

表4

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年份 Year	白天 Daytime	夜间 Night	全天 Day
2016	54.73	70.14	62.43
2017	59.04	71.78	65.41
2018	62.80	63.95	63.37
平均 Mean	58.86	68.62	63.74

项目 Item	参数 Parameter	简单相关系数 Simple correlation coefficient	直接通径系数 Direct bore coefficient	间接通径系数 Indirect diameter coefficient	决定系数 Determination coefficient	P
	新生长的细根碳与新生长的叶碳分配比 New fine root C∶new leaf C	－0.767	－0.806	－0.535
	当前植物的生长比例 Current growth proportion	－0.071	－0.203	－0.088
GEP	枯木木质部碳氮比 C∶N of dead wood	0.116	0.089	0.012	0.61	< 0.001
	冠层平均比叶面积 Canopy average specific leaf area	0.529	0.266	0.151
	阴生叶与阳生叶比叶面积比例 Ratio of shaded SLA∶sunlit SLA	0.306	0.267	0.037
	新生长的细根碳与新生长的叶碳分配比 New fine root C∶new leaf C	－0.671	－0.752	－0.499
	当前植物的生长比例 Current growth proportion	－0.313	－0.226	－0.098
RE	枯木木质部碳氮比 C∶N of dead wood	0.066	0.081	0.011	0.546	< 0.001
	冠层平均比叶面积 Canopy average specific leaf area	－0.007	0.280	0.158
	阴生叶与阳生叶比叶面积比例 Ratio of shaded SLA∶sunlit SLA	0.259	0.280	0.038
	新生长的细根碳与新生长的叶碳分配比 New fine root C∶new leaf C	－0.818	－0.815	－0.220
NEP	当前植物的生长比例 Current growth proportion	－0.204	－0.080	－0.030	0.703	< 0.001
	枯木木质部碳氮比 C∶N of dead wood	0.094	0.126	0.016
	阴生叶与阳生叶比叶面积比例 Ratio of shaded SLA∶sunlit SLA	0.167	0.204	0.016

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