藏东南川滇高山栎天然林的种内与种间竞争指数的海拔差异

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220806

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 通过定量分析藏东南地区不同海拔的川滇高山栎天然林的种内与种间竞争指数, 揭示海拔对林木竞争指数的影响, 为川滇高山栎天然林的经营和保护提供理论参考。方法: 在西藏林芝市巴宜区鲁朗镇, 根据海拔梯度设置4块川滇高山栎天然林样地, 土壤类型为山地暗棕壤, 林分特征为针阔混交林。对样地内的竞争木和对象木进行调查, 采用Hegyi单木竞争模型分析各样地内林木的种内与种间竞争; 用幂函数、对数函数、指数函数、多项式、Logistic这5种模型拟合川滇高山栎对象木胸径与其竞争指数变化的回归关系, 并选择最优函数。结果: 1) 不同海拔的川滇高山栎天然林内的竞争指数不同, 海拔3 740 m(样地a)、3 640 m(样地b)、3 540 m(样地c)和3 440 m(样地d)样地的种内竞争指数分别占总竞争指数的17.11%、22.26%、30.79%和70.13%, 表明样地a、b、c以种间竞争为主, 样地d以种内竞争为主。2)在川滇高山栎的伴生树种中, 以急尖长苞冷杉的竞争力最强, 其次是白桦, 竞争力最弱的是糙皮桦。3)在所有样地中, 川滇高山栎的竞争指数随对象木胸径增加而不断减小, 呈显著负相关。在样地a中对象木胸径与其竞争指数关系的最优模型为幂函数模型, 样地b、c的最优模型为三次多项式模型, 样地d的最优模型则为指数函数。结论: 藏东南的川滇高山栎林天然林在海拔3 440 m以种内竞争为主, 在海拔3 540~3 740 m以种间竞争为主。川滇高山栎的竞争指数随林木胸径增加而下降, 在胸径到达25cm时趋于平稳, 采用拟合的模型能有效预测川滇高山栎林的竞争指数。

关键词: 川滇高山栎, 种内竞争, 种间竞争, 竞争指数, 藏东南

Abstract:

Objective: Through quantitative analysis of Interspecific and inter-specific competition index of natural forest of Quercus aquifolioides at different altitudes in southeast Tibet, the influence of altitude on forest competition index was revealed, which provides a theoretical basis for the management and protection of Q. aquifolioides natural forest. Method: Four sample plots were set up in the Q. aquifolioides natural forest according to the altitudinal gradients in Lulang Town, Bayi District, Nyingchi City, Tibet, with dark brown mountain soil and mixed coniferous and broadleaved forest. Competitive and target trees sample plots were investigated. Hegyi single tree competition model was used to study the interspecific and inter-specific competition in the Q. aquifolioides natural forests at different altitudes; a total of five models, including the power function, logarithmic, exponential, polynomial and Logistic model were used to fit the regression relationship between DBH of target trees of Q. aquifolioides and their competition index, and the optimal function was selected. Result: 1) The competition index of Q. aquifolioides natural forest at different altitudes was different. The Interspecific competition index of 3 740 m (plot a), 3 640 m (plot b), 3 540 m (plot c)and 3 440 m (plot d) accounted for 17.11 %, 22.26 %, 30.79 %, and 70.13 % of the total competition index, respectively, indicating that plot a, b, and c were dominated by inter-specific competition, and plot d was dominated by intra-specific competition. 2) Among the associated tree species of Q. aquifolioides, the competitiveness of Abies georgei var. smithii was the strongest, followed by Betula platyphylla, and the weakest was B. utilis. 3) In all plots, the competition index of Q. aquifolioides decreased with the increase of DBH, showing a significant negative correlation. In plot a, the optimal model of the relationship between DBH and competition index of the competitive tree is the power function model, the optimal models of plot b and c are the cubic polynomial model, and the optimal model of plot d is the exponential function. Conclusion: Q. aquifolioides natural forest in southeastern Tibet is dominated by intraspecific competition at an altitude of 3 440 m, and interspecific competition at an altitude of 3 540-3 740 m. The competition index of Q. aquifolioides decreased with the increase of DBH, and tended to be stable when DBH reached 25 cm. The fitted model can be used to effectively predict the competition index of Q. aquifolioides forest.

Key words: Quercus aquifolioides, intraspecific competition, interspecific competition, competition index, southeast Tibet

中图分类号:

S758.5

姚慧芳,卢杰,曾加芹,罗大庆,张新生,王超,于德水. 藏东南川滇高山栎天然林的种内与种间竞争指数的海拔差异[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(8): 53-62.

Huifang Yao,Jie Lu,Jiaqin Zeng,Daqing Luo,Xinsheng Zhang,Chao Wang,Deshui Yu. Altitudinal Differences in Intraspecific and Interspecific Competition Index of Natural Forests of Quercus aquifolioides in Southeast Tibet[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(8): 53-62.

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样地号 Sample plot No.	海拔 Altitude/ m	经纬度 Longitude and latitude	郁闭度 Canopy density	坡度 Gradient (%)	坡向 Aspect	林分密度 Stand density/hm^-2	平均胸径 Mean DBH/cm	平均树高 Mean tree height/m
a	3 740	29°44′15.31″N，94°43′1.31″E	0.80	28	西坡West(279°)	2 440	20.082	12.313
b	3 640	29°44′14.59″N，94°43′24.28″E	0.82	24	西坡West(264°)	3 120	20.603	12.362
c	3 540	29°44′13.20″N，94°43′2.02″E	0.85	22	西坡West(270°)	4 840	18.508	11.529
d	3 440	29°44′16.37″N，94°43′24.51″E	0.90	19	西坡West(260°)	8 120	19.569	12.889

树种Tree species	样地号Sample plot No.
树种Tree species	a	b	c	d
川滇高山栎Quercus aquifolioides	34.5	61.2	87.5	87.0
林芝云杉Picea likiangensis var. linzhiensis	8.4	6.6	2.3	5.7
急尖长苞冷杉Abies georgei var. smithii	49.0	16.0	3.1	2.8
糙皮桦Betula utilis	4.9	5.7	2.8	1.7
白桦Betula platyphylla	3.2	10.5	4.3	2.8

样地号 Sample plot No.	对象木Object trees					竞争木Competitive trees
样地号 Sample plot No.	株数 Plant number	最大胸径 Maximum DBH/cm	最小胸径 Minimum DBH/cm	最高树高 Maximum tree height/m	最低树高 Minimum tree height/m	株数 Plant number	最大胸径 Maximum DBH/cm	最小胸径 Minimum DBH/cm	最高树高 Maximum tree height/m	最低树高Minimum tree height/m
a	29	38.22	5.73	20.00	2.70	93	94.90	5.10	38.00	3.00
b	34	28.66	6.05	19.00	4.00	122	101.89	5.10	46.00	3.00
c	72	35.03	5.41	24.00	2.00	170	73.25	5.41	38.00	1.00
d	101	42.04	5.41	23.00	1.00	305	41.40	5.10	21.00	2.00

样地号 Sample plot No.	径级 DBH class/ cm	株数 Plant number	株数比例 Plant number percentage(%)	最小竞争指数 Minimum competition- index	最大竞争指数 Maximum competition- index	平均竞争指数 Mean competition index	种内竞争指数 Intraspecific competition index	种间竞争指数 Interspecific competition index	总竞争指数 Overall competition index
a	Ⅰ	4	13.793	0.481	51.011	13.127	1.495	51.011	52.506
	Ⅱ	7	24.138	0.153	2.190	2.211	5.178	10.295	15.474
	Ⅲ	9	31.034	0.078	2.273	1.864	4.092	12.681	16.775
	Ⅳ	5	17.241	0.068	0.810	1.293	3.838	2.628	6.466
	Ⅴ	4	13.793	0.065	0.787	0.925	1.633	2.067	3.699
	合计Total	29	100.000	—	—	—	16.236	78.682	94.918
b	Ⅰ	9	26.471	0.223	4.384	6.733	18.652	41.948	60.600
	Ⅱ	12	35.294	0.023	5.116	2.700	2.964	29.431	32.395
	Ⅲ	6	17.647	0.095	1.365	0.734	1.914	2.491	4.405
	Ⅳ	3	8.824	0.065	2.818	2.031	0.000	6.094	6.094
	Ⅴ	4	11.765	0.056	0.803	0.556	0.000	2.223	2.223
	合计Total	34	100.000	—	—	—	23.530	82.187	105.717
c	Ⅰ	26	36.111	0.079	7.885	3.571	29.980	62.873	92.853
	Ⅱ	18	25.000	0.097	3.374	1.698	7.646	22.910	30.556
	Ⅲ	12	16.667	0.075	2.050	0.935	4.067	7.153	11.220
	Ⅳ	8	11.111	0.076	2.176	0.894	2.348	4.801	7.149
	Ⅴ	3	4.167	0.155	1.767	1.591	1.170	3.602	4.772
	Ⅵ	5	6.945	0.057	0.466	0.492	0.676	1.784	2.460
	合计Total	72	100.000	—	—	—	45.887	103.123	149.010
d	Ⅰ	29	28.713	0.128	7.810	2.047	33.516	25.857	59.373
	Ⅱ	21	20.792	0.140	2.254	2.227	34.929	11.848	46.776
	Ⅲ	28	27.723	0.129	1.738	1.333	27.877	9.443	37.321
	Ⅳ	16	15.842	0.127	1.109	1.133	15.513	2.611	18.124
	Ⅴ	7	6.931	0.089	1.538	1.233	7.538	1.096	8.634
	合计Total	101	100.000	—	—	—	119.373	50.855	170.228

样地号 Sample plot No.	树种 Tree species	株数 Plant number	比例 Percentage (%)	平均胸径 Mean DBH/cm	平均树高 Mean tree height/m	竞争指数 Competition index	平均竞争指数Mean competition index	排序Ranking
a	急尖长苞冷杉A. georgei var. smithii	44	72.13	28.966	16.184	64.334	1.462	1
	林芝云杉P. likiangensis var. linzhiensis	10	16.39	27.452	18.880	10.160	1.016	2
	糙皮桦B. utilis	4	6.56	17.357	14.500	2.941	0.735	3
	白桦B. platyphylla	3	4.92	18.260	10.933	1.247	0.416	4
	合计Total	61	100.00	—	—	78.682	—	—
b	急尖长苞冷杉A. georgei var. smithii	70	70.00	19.654	11.601	49.539	0.708	1
	白桦B. platyphylla	15	15.00	25.796	11.153	15.041	1.003	2
	林芝云杉P. likiangensis var. linzhiensis	9	9.00	53.609	25.544	14.643	1.627	3
	糙皮桦B. utilis	6	6.00	21.762	16.500	2.964	0.494	4
	合计Total	100	100.00	—	—	82.187	—	—
c	急尖长苞冷杉A. georgei var. smithii	38	38.00	22.536	13.208	38.761	1.020	1
	白桦B. platyphylla	29	29.00	23.150	12.521	32.113	1.107	2
	糙皮桦B. utilis	16	16.00	30.195	13.219	16.893	1.056	3
	林芝云杉P. likiangensis var.linzhiensis	17	17.00	33.702	18.088	15.356	0.903	4
	合计Total	100	100.00	—	—	103.123	—	—
d	白桦B. platyphylla	26	45.61	23.531	11.230	29.690	1.142	1
	糙皮桦B. utilis	19	33.33	23.299	12.184	12.042	0.634	2
	急尖长苞冷杉A. georgei var. smithii	9	15.79	15.110	10.333	8.043	0.894	3
	林芝云杉P. likiangensis var. linzhiensis	3	5.26	14.968	8.833	1.080	0.360	4
	合计Total	57	100.00	—	—	50.855	—	—