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林业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (11): 37-48.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20211104

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秋色叶树木树冠色彩特性对其观赏效应的影响

贾娜1,闫伟1,*,史久西2,格日乐图2,车晓雨3   

  1. 1. 内蒙古农业大学林学院 呼和浩特 010019
    2. 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 杭州 311400
    3. 河北农业大学园林与旅游学院 保定 071000
  • 收稿日期:2019-10-11 出版日期:2021-11-25 发布日期:2022-01-12
  • 通讯作者: 闫伟
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(31460188);内蒙古自治区"草原英才"资助项目

Influence of Crown Color Characteristics on the Ornamental Effect of Autumn-Color Trees

Na Jia1,Wei Yan1,*,Jiuxi Shi2, Geriletu2,Xiaoyu Che3   

  1. 1. Forestry College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot 010019
    2. Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, CAF Hangzhou 311400
    3. College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University Baoding 071000
  • Received:2019-10-11 Online:2021-11-25 Published:2022-01-12
  • Contact: Wei Yan

摘要:

目的: 以秋色叶树木树冠为研究对象,基于HSV色彩空间,构建、筛选影响色彩观赏效应的关键指标,揭示色彩指标与观赏效应值(SBE)之间的量化关系,为深化林木色彩研究、完善色彩观赏效应评价指标体系提供参考。方法: 以38种北方常见秋色叶树木单株、5个变色期共190张照片为研究对象,采用Photoshop、ColorImpact软件进行照片色彩分类(主色、辅助色、点缀色),按类提取HSV色彩三要素(色相、彩度、明度)值及其面积占比,合成主辅色指标和全色指标,并计算色彩三要素指标、色差指标(内色差、外色差)、离差指标和基本数量指标。借助心理物理学方法获取照片的SBE,利用SPSS、DPS软件统计分析色彩指标与SBE之间的相关关系,建立多元回归模型,筛选影响SBE的关键指标。结果: Pearson相关分析结果显示,影响SBE的5个特效指标(|r|>0.500,P<0.01)为辅色彩度(r=0.539,P<0.01)、全色彩度(r=0.533,P<0.01)、主辅色偏移指数(r=-0.515,P<0.01)、主色相对面积(r=-0.521,P<0.01)和全色相对面积(r=-0.519,P<0.01);其次为明度、色相差、欧氏内色差、欧氏外色差、离差和计数6组指标,6组指标中有12个指标与SBE极显著相关(|r|>0.300,P<0.01)。相关性较高的指标主要出现在同一指标组内。色彩三要素指标中的彩度、明度指标与SBE均呈良好的线性正相关关系,色相与SBE无线性关系;色差指标中,色相差与SBE呈显著负线性关系,欧氏外色差和偏移指数外色差与SBE呈极显著负线性关系,欧式内色差与SBE则呈线性正相关关系或先平后升的二次曲线关系;离差指标、色彩基本数量指标中,色相离差、明度离差、色彩相对面积和最大色彩分类数与SBE的关系均以二次曲线为优。色彩观赏效应二次多项式模型(R2=0.807)显示,林木挂叶率较高、色相接近黄绿区域、全色色彩纯粹鲜艳、明度层次分明,且全色彩度和主辅色明度2个因素中主辅色明度对比强烈而全色彩度调和的色彩景观观赏效应好。结论: 将样本色彩划分为不同类别,再按类合成,可实现色彩指标的量化计算。色差、离差指标物理意义明确,是实现色彩指标降维量化、提升评价效能的有效指标。SBE评价模型包含主辅色色相差、全色彩度、主辅色偏移指数、主辅色欧氏外色差、全色明度离差和全色相对面积6个关键指标,可形成色彩观赏效应综合评价指标体系。

关键词: 树木色彩, 色彩属性, 色彩观赏效应

Abstract:

Objective: The crown of autumn-color trees was investigated to construct and identify the key indices affecting scenic beauty estimation (SBE) based on HSV color space, and to reveal the quantitative relationships between color indices and SBE, in order to provide a basis for deepening studies on forest color and improving indicators system for assessing ornamental effect. Method: 190 photos of individual trees of 38 autumn-color species common in northern China during five coloration periods were investigated by color classification (dominant color, complementary color and intersperse color) of the photos using Photoshop and ColorImpact software, the values and area proportions of HSV (hue, saturation and value of color) color were extracted by category, synthesize dominant, assistant and whole indexes, and the three elements synthesized index, chromatic aberration indexes (interior of chromatic aberration, and external of chromatic aberration), the deviation indexes, and basic quantity indexes were calculated. Then psychophysical method were employed to acquire the SBE value of the pictures. Software SPSS and DPS were taken to analyze the correlation between the color indexes and SBE statistically. A multiple regression model was established based on the result, and the key indexes affecting SBE were identified. Result: The Pearson correlation analysis showed that the 5 special indexes affecting SBE(|r|>0.500, P < 0.01), saturation of assistant color (r=0.539, P < 0.01), saturation of whole colur (r=0.533, P < 0.01), biased exponent of dominant color and assistant color (r=-0.515, P < 0.01), relative area of dominant color (r=-0.521, P < 0.01), and relative area of whole color (r=-0.519, P < 0.01). 6 color indexes such as value, the chromatic aberration of hue, the interior chromatic aberration euclidean, the external chromatic aberration euclidean, the deviation, and the counting index, of which 12 indexes had an extremely significant correlation (|r|>0.300) with SBE). The correlaton between indexes mainly regards the between different indexes in the same index group. Among the three elements of color, both saturation and value have had a good positive linear relationship with SBE, while hue had no linear relationship with SBE. Among the chromatic aberration indexes, the chromatic aberratin of hue had a significantly negative linear relationship with SBE. The external chromatic aberration euclidean, biased exponent, and other external of chromatic aberration of single primary color possess a negative linear relationship with SBE. In contrast, the Interior chromatic aberration had a positive linear relationship or quadratic curve (level first and then rise) relationship with SBE. Among the deviation indexes and basic number indexes, the deviation of hue, the deviation of value, the relative area of color, and the maximum number of colors were optimally in a quadratic curve relation with SBE. The SBE model is a quadratic polynomial(R2=0.807). As illustrated in the model, a high SBE value is given to the colorscape of trees with a high ratio of hanging leaves, with hues closer to yellow-green, with a pure bright whole color, with distinct gradations of values. Among the two factors of saturation of whole color, the color landscape with strong value of dominant color and assistant color and value of contrast and harmonious saturation of dominant color and assistant color has good viewing effect. Conclusion: The sample color was allocated into different categories and then re-synthesized by categories, thereby realizing quantitative calculation of color indexes. Chromatic aberration and the deviation have explicit physical meanings and are effective indexes for quantifying the dimensionality reduction of the color index and improving evaluation efficiency. Containing 6 key indexes such as the chromatic aberration of dominant color hue and assistant color hue, saturation of whole saturation, biased exponent of dominant and assistant, the external chromatic aberration euclidean of dominant color and assistant color saturation, the deviation of whole color value, and relative area of whole color, the SBE model, can be used as an index system for comprehensive evaluation of SBE.

Key words: color of the tree, color attribute, ornamental effect of color

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