森林色彩景观格局指数与色彩属性指标对观赏效应的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210202

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探讨森林色彩景观格局指数（简称色彩格局指数）、色彩属性指标与观赏效应值（SBE）之间的量化关系，建立观赏效应评价模型，筛选影响SBE的关键指标，以期为森林色彩景观格局配置提供指导。方法: 以长三角地区典型山地森林景观为对象，应用PS、ColorImpact、CAD、ArcGIS、Fragstics软件工具划分色彩斑块、计算色彩格局指数，借助心理物理学方法获取观赏效应量值，统计分析色彩格局指数、色彩属性指标与SBE之间的相关关系，建立观赏效应评价模型，筛选影响SBE的关键指标。结果: Pearson相关分析结果显示，最大斑块相对面积（r=-0.31，P < 0.05）、森林色彩分布模式（r=-0.690，P < 0.01）、蔓延度指数（r=-0.398，P < 0.01）与色彩观赏效应值显著（P < 0.05）或极显著（P < 0.01）负相关；平均斑块分维数（r=0.322，P < 0.05）、香侬多样性指数（r=0.352，P < 0.05）、景观丰度（（r=0.655，P < 0.05）、全色明度（r=0.482，P < 0.01）与色彩观赏效应值显著或极显著正相关；景观水平指数与SBE相关性高于斑块水平指数，全色属性指标与SBE相关性高于主、辅色属性指标；全色色差、边缘密度、周长面积比3个指标间均极显著正相关（r>0.800，P < 0.01），主色相对面积与蔓延度指数间极显著正相关（r=0.862，P < 0.01）、蔓延度指数与香侬多样性指数间极显著负相关（r=-0.862，P < 0.01）、主色相对面积与香侬多样性间极显著负相关（r=-0.866，P < 0.01）；SBE评价模型（R²=0.834 4）显示，全色相对面积大但主色相对面积较小、色斑边缘曲折自然且形状趋向圆满、色彩丰富但空间分布不均匀、趋向聚集又不完全连成一体、色斑镶嵌自然有序的森林色彩景观的观赏效应高；本研究首次提出的森林色彩分布模式指标对SBE的影响极显著（r=-0.690，P < 0.01），色彩格局疏密变化有致、秩序感高、自然性强的色彩分布模式的SBE高。结论: SBE与色彩格局指数之间存在显著、极显著相关关系，基于此建立评价模型，应用色彩格局指数进行色彩观赏效应评价的方法可行。

关键词: 森林色彩, 色彩格局, 彩色量化, 色彩观赏效益

Abstract:

Objective: To investigate the quantitative relationship between forest color landscape pattern indices (referred to as color pattern index), color attribute indicators and scenic beauty estimation (SBE); to establish an ornamental effect evaluation model; to screen for key indicators affecting SBE; to provide guidance for forest color landscape pattern allocation. Method: Typical mountain forest landscapes in the Yangtze River Delta region were studied, PS, Color Impact, CAD, ArcGIS, and Fragstics software tools were employed to divide color patches; calculate color pattern indices; obtain SBE via psychophysical method; generate statistics; analyze correlations between color pattern indices, color attribute indicators and SBE; establish an ornamental effect evaluation model and screen for key indicators affecting SBE. Result: The Pearson correlation analysis showed that the maximum patch relative area (r=-0.311, P < 0.05), forest color distribution model (r=-0.690, P < 0.01), and contagion index (r=-0.398, P < 0.01) were significantly (P < 0.05) or highly significantly negatively (P < 0.01) correlated with color SBE. Average patch fractional dimension (r=0.322, P < 0.05), Shannon's diversity index (r=0.352, P < 0.05), landscape abundance (r=0.655, P < 0.05), and panchromatic brightness (r=0.482, P < 0.01) were significantly and highly significantly positively correlated with color SBE. The landscape level index was more correlated with SBE than the patch level index, and the panchromatic attribute index was more correlated with SBE than the main and auxiliary color attribute indices. The correlation among the three indicators of panchromatic chromatic aberration, edge density and perimeter area ratio was highly significant (r>0.800, P < 0.01). There was a highly significant positive correlation between the relative area of the main color and contagion (r=0.862, P < 0.01), a highly significant negative correlation between the contagion and Shannon's Diversity Index (r=-0.862, P < 0.01), and a highly significant negative correlation between the relative area of the main color and Shannon's diversity index. The SBE evaluation model (R²=0.834 4) showed that forest color landscapes exhibited great ornamental effect if they tended to aggregate but did not completely connect, panchromatic relative area was large but main color relative area was small, color patches had natural curvilinear edges and perfect shape, colors were rich but displayed uneven spatial distribution, and color patches had natural and orderly mosaics with high ornamental effect. The effect of forest color distribution model indicators on SBE, which was proposed for the first time in this study, was highly significant (r=-0.690, P < 0.01), and the SBE of the color distribution model was high if the model featured favorable changes in color pattern, a high sense of order and strong naturalness. Conclusion: There are significant and highly significant correlations between SBE and color pattern index, it is feasible to apply the color pattern index for color ornamental effect evaluation using the established eveluation model.

Key words: forest color, color pattern, color quantification, color ornamental effects

中图分类号:

S731.7

贾娜,史久西,秦一心,格日勒图,张龙. 森林色彩景观格局指数与色彩属性指标对观赏效应的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(2): 12-21.

Na Jia,Jiuxi Shi,Yixin Qin,Letu Geri,Long Zhang. Influence of Forest Color Landscape Pattern Indices and Color Attribute Indicators on Ornamental Effect[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(2): 12-21.

图/表 7

图1

表1

图2

表2

色彩格局指数、色彩属性指标与SBE间的Pearson相关系数①"

指标Indicator	Y	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆	X₇	X₈	X₉	X₁₀	X₁₁	X₁₂	X₁₃	X₁₄	X₁₅	X₁₆	X₁₇	X₁₈	X₁₉	X₂₀	X₂₁	X₂₂
X₁	0.263	1
X₂	-0.390^**	-0.368^*	1
X₃	0.451^**	0.358^*	-0.452^**	1
X₄	0.311^*	0.313^*	-0.751^**	0.414^**	1
X₅	-0.331^*	-0.032	0.663^**	-0.199	-0.467^**	1
X₆	0.655^**	0.149	-0.319^*	0.240	0.243	-0.297^*	1
X₇	-0.690^**	0.065	0.201	-0.396^**	-0.210	0.173	-0.482^**	1
X₈	0.193	0.048	-0.244	0.001	0.219	-0.362^*	0.335^*	-0.216	1
X₉	0.230	0.033	-0.242	0.014	0.242	-0.102	0.201	-0.238	0.209	1
X₁₀	-0.156	-0.132	0.219	-0.090	-0.100	0.328^*	-0.173	0.166	-0.135	-0.177	1
X₁₁	-0.249	0.207	0.045	-0.066	-0.055	0.125	-0.054	0.276	0.151	-0.189	0.514^**	1
X₁₂	0.322^*	0.095	-0.151	0.307^*	0.167	-0.030	-0.022	-0.158	-0.298^*	-0.094	0.007	-0.043	1
X₁₃	-0.166	0.037	-0.053	-0.091	-0.016	0.120	0.048	-0.099	0.000	0.818^**	-0.275	-0.306^*	-0.096	1
X₁₄	-0.398^**	-0.343^*	0.862^**	-0.418^**	-0.492^**	0.587^**	-0.423^**	0.295^*	-0.293	-0.321^*	0.265	0.001	-0.004	-0.123	1
X₁₅	0.263	0.309^*	-0.154	0.083	0.108	0.394^**	-0.138	0.188	-0.716^**	-0.034	0.209	0.044	0.216	0.115	-0.079	1
X₁₆	-0.250	0.244	0.191	0.076	-0.113	0.628^**	-0.330^*	0.205	-0.587^**	-0.011	0.239	0.131	0.283	0.160	0.236	0.642^**	1
X₁₇	0.287	0.017	-0.504^**	0.150	0.376^*	-0.918^**	0.310^*	-0.288	0.459^**	0.193	-0.392^**	-0.172	-0.132	-0.032	-0.545^**	-0.528^**	-0.678^**	1
X₁₈	0.235	-0.117	-0.422^**	0.014	0.333^*	-0.761^**	0.317^*	-0.145	0.446^**	0.038	-0.176	-0.107	-0.110	-0.169	-0.371^*	-0.411^**	-0.723^**	0.699^**	1
X₁₉	0.352^*	0.325^*	-0.866^**	0.379^*	0.736^**	-0.576^**	0.413^**	-0.341^*	0.358^*	0.381^**	-0.253	-0.056	-0.081	0.137	-0.862^**	0.089	-0.293	0.574^**	0.451^**	1
X₂₀	0.161	0.298^*	-0.158	0.082	0.107	0.383^**	-0.139	0.187	-0.722^**	-0.035	0.202	0.038	0.214	0.113	-0.085	0.999^**	0.630^**	-0.516^**	-0.407^**	0.095	1
X₂₁	0.482^**	0.222	-0.355^*	0.683^**	0.204	-0.160	0.273	-0.486^**	-0.031	-0.064	0.001	-0.104	0.174	-0.119	-0.444^**	0.118	0.001	0.189	-0.026	0.347^*	0.120	1
X₂₂	0.240	0.038	-0.230	0.057	0.217	-0.090	0.141	-0.213	0.119	0.967^**	-0.159	-0.187	0.096	0.814^**	-0.289	-0.003	0.071	0.140	-0.027	0.290	-0.005	-0.057	1

表2

图3

表3

表4

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模式 Model	排序 Rank	说明 Description	量化 Quantization
波纹 Ripple	1	色彩斑块呈纵、横或斜向的自然波纹分布，形成一定肌理，秩序良好 Color patches exhibited longitudinal, horizontal or oblique natural ripple distribution, formed a certain texture, and were in good order	-1.281 6
聚散 Agglomeration	2	色斑有大块聚集，也有小块或点状分散，疏密有致，色彩边界自然，秩序性较好 The color patches gathered in large agglomerations but were also distributed in small pieces or dots, showing favorable density, natural color borders and good order	-0.524 4
集聚 Aggregation	3	色彩大块状集聚，边界曲折自然，疏密感较差，秩序性无 Color exhibited a large aggregation, with a natural zigzagging border, poor density and no order	0.000 0
点丛 Point cluster	4	绿色基底中色彩成份呈单株或数株丛状分布，主题突出，视点集中 The color components in the green substrate were distributed in single or multiple clusters, with prominent theme and concentrated viewpoint	0.524
分散 Dispersion	5	色彩斑块较小且大致相等，点状分布，间隔距离基本一致，似“满天星”，自然性与疏密感较差，秩序机械 Smaller and roughly equal color patches were distributed in a dotted pattern, at roughly equal interval distances and in an orderly fashion, similar to “Starry Sky”, with poor naturalness and density	1.281

指标 Indicator	符号 Sign	非标准化系数 Unstandardized coefficients	标准化系数 Standardized coefficients	t	P	偏相关系数 Partial correlation coefficient	指标容忍度值 Tolerance
常数Constant		11.561 4		2.844 9	0.007 4
全色相对面积Panchromatic relative area	X₁	0.005 1	0.216 4	2.364 7	0.023 7	0.371 2	0.690 3
主色相对面积Main color relative area	X₂	-0.014 8	-0.577 2	-3.614 9	0.000 9	-0.521 4	0.226 8
景观丰度Landscape abundance	X₆	0.189 3	0.350 0	3.658 9	0.000 8	0.526 0	0.632 0
边缘密度Edge density	X₉	0.000 1	0.425 4	2.638 7	0.012 3	0.407 3	0.222 5
周长面积比Perimeter area ratio	X₁₃	-0.000 004 3	-0.365 1	-2.475 8	0.018 3	-0.386 0	0.265 9
斑块结合度Patch cohesion index	X₁₆	-0.105 2	-0.285 5	-2.306 9	0.027 1	-0.363 3	0.377 5
香侬多样性指数Shannon’s diversity index	X₁₈	-1.105 8	-0.804 3	-4.289 8	0.000 1	-0.587 0	0.164 5
相似毗邻百分比Similar adjacency percentage	X₁₅	0.027 1	0.335 6	2.923 2	0.006 0	0.443 0	0.438 6
森林色彩分布模式Forest color distribution model	X₇	-0.486 2	-0.633 3	-6.759 4	0.000 0	-0.752 5	0.658 7

指标 Indicator	标准化系数 Standardized coefficients	标准化系数绝对值 Absolute value of standardized coefficients	贡献率 Contribution rate
全色相对面积Panchromatic relative area	0.216 4	0.216 4	5.42%
主色相对面积Main color relative area	-0.577 2	0.577 2	14.46%
景观丰度Landscape abundance	0.350 0	0.350 0	8.76%
小计Subtotal			28.64%
边缘密度Edge density	0.425 4	0.425 4	10.65%
周长面积比Perimeter area rate	-0.365 1	0.365 1	9.14%
斑块结合度Patch cohesion index	-0.285 5	0.285 5	7.15%
香侬多样性指数Shannon’s diversity index	-0.804 3	0.804 3	20.14%
相似毗邻百分比Similar adjacency percentage	0.335 6	0.335 6	8.41%
森林色彩分布模式Forest color distribution model	-0.633 3	0.633 3	15.86%
小计Subtotal			71.36%
合计Total		3.992 8	100%