林业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (2): 1-11.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210201
赵瑞,王传宽,全先奎,王兴昌*
收稿日期:
2019-09-23
出版日期:
2021-02-25
发布日期:
2021-03-29
通讯作者:
王兴昌
基金资助:
Rui Zhao,Chuankuan Wang,Xiankui Quan,Xingchang Wang*
Received:
2019-09-23
Online:
2021-02-25
Published:
2021-03-29
Contact:
Xingchang Wang
摘要:
目的: 量化共存树种的碳、氮、磷含量及其计量关系的器官间和种间差异,探讨共存树种养分元素的器官间分配策略和种间利用差异,以期增强对整树水平的碳、氮、磷储量和分配格局的认识。方法: 选取黑龙江省帽儿山天然次生林中的10个共存阔叶树种,研究叶、枝、皮、边材、心材、树桩、大根(5 mm < 直径≤30 mm)、粗根(2 mm < 直径≤5 mm)和细根(直径≤2 mm)9个器官的碳含量(C)、氮含量(N)、磷含量(P)以及碳氮比(C:N)、碳磷比(C:P)和氮磷比(N:P),用变异系数表达器官和树种间的差异,用标准主轴回归斜率检验元素两两之间的异速或等速增长关系。结果: 树种、器官及其交互作用对C、N、P及C:N、C:P、N:P影响显著(树种对C:P影响不显著除外);从均值来看,资源获取器官(叶和细根)的C、N、P及N:P显著高于其他器官,木质部(边材、心材)的C:N、C:P显著高于其他器官;从种间变异来看,叶元素含量及其计量比的种间差异均较低;细根N、C:N和N:P的种间差异均较高,而P和C:P的种间差异均较低,表明该地区树木将有限的氮元素优先分配给光合器官;大部分器官的元素间相关关系不显著,表明单一器官的养分计量关系不能直接反应其他器官或整树水平的计量关系;器官间C和N、C和P相关关系因树种而异,但N和P关系各树种高度一致。结论: 树木器官间的C、N、P、C:N、C:P和N:P的差异与器官功能分异紧密相关。总体上温带森林树种将受限的氮元素优先分配到叶,同时氮也会限制木材固碳。各器官对碳、氮、磷元素的利用在群落共存种间存在明显差异,可能有助于降低种间竞争。无论是种内还是种间,一个器官的养分含量及其计量关系均不能直接反应其他器官的情况,因此仅用某一器官来量化整树水平的碳、氮、磷储量及其分配格局是不准确的,今后相关研究应充分考虑元素含量的器官间和种间差异。
中图分类号:
赵瑞,王传宽,全先奎,王兴昌. 黑龙江省帽儿山温带阔叶树种不同器官的生态化学计量特征[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(2): 1-11.
Rui Zhao,Chuankuan Wang,Xiankui Quan,Xingchang Wang. Ecological Stoichiometric Characteristics of Different Organs of Broadleaf Tree Species in a temperate Forest in Maoershan Area, Heilongjiang Province[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(2): 1-11.
表1
样地概况"
样地编号 Plot No. | 坡度 Slope gradient/(°) | DBH/cm | 林分密度 Stand density/hm-2 | 叶面积指数 Leaf area index/(m2·m-2) | 主要树种 Major tree species |
1 | 1 | 25.5 | 3 250 | 5.83 | 春榆Ulmus davidiana var. japonica、暴马丁香Syringa reticulata var. amurensis、鼠李Rhamnus ussuriensis、水曲柳Fraxinus mandschurica、茶条槭Acer ginnala、枫桦Betula costata、山丁子Malus pallasiana |
2 | 7 | 20.3 | 1 316 | 5.33 | 春榆U. davidiana var. japonica、水曲柳F. mandschurica、色木槭Acer mono |
3 | 12 | 13.1 | 4 366 | 6.90 | 白桦Betula platyphylla、胡桃楸Juglans mandshurica、春榆U. davidiana var. japonica、落叶松Larix gmelinii、水曲柳F. mandschurica、色木槭A. mono |
4 | 9 | 16.3 | 2 150 | 5.67 | 白桦B. platyphylla、春榆U. davidiana var. japonica、水曲柳F. mandschurica、山杨Populus davidiana |
5 | 17 | 11.7 | 4 350 | 7.72 | 白桦B. platyphylla、色木槭A. mono、春榆U. davidiana var. japonica、水曲柳F. mandschurica、紫椴Tilia amurensis |
6 | 19 | 19.7 | 2 633 | 6.55 | 山杨P. davidiana、黄菠萝Phellodendron amurensis、色木槭A. mono |
7 | 7 | 17.8 | 2 633 | 6.33 | 水曲柳F. mandschurica、色木槭A. mono、暴马丁香S. reticulata var. amurensis、春榆U. davidiana var. japonica、朝鲜柳Salix rorida |
8 | 1 | 33.2 | 1 883 | 6.13 | 春榆U. davidiana var. japonica、水曲柳F. mandschurica、暴马丁香S. reticulata var. amurensis、胡桃楸J. mandshurica、稠李Padu racemosa |
9 | 11 | 33.2 | 5 150 | 6.32 | 香杨Populus koreana、胡桃楸J. mandshurica、白桦B. platyphylla、春榆U. davidiana var. japonica、红松Pinus koraiensis |
表2
样木基本情况"
生长型 | 材性 | 树种 | 耐荫性 | DBH/cm |
Growth form | Wood property | Tree species | Shade tolerance | |
乔木 Arbor | 环孔材 Ring-porous wood | 水曲柳F. mandschurica | 耐荫Shade-tolerant | 33.43 ± 3.10 |
春榆U. davidiana var. japonica | 耐荫Shade-tolerant | 28.63 ± 5.03 | ||
半散孔材 Semi-diffuse porous wood | 胡桃楸J. mandshurica | 喜光Shade-intolerant | 25.13 ± 0.91 | |
散孔材 Diffuse-porous wood | 香杨P. koreana | 喜光Shade-intolerant | 29.50 ± 2.01 | |
山杨P. davidiana | 喜光Shade-intolerant | 28.30 ± 1.65 | ||
白桦B. platyphylla | 喜光Shade-intolerant | 19.03 ± 1.18 | ||
紫椴T. amurensis | 耐荫Shade-tolerant | 4.53 ± 1.42 | ||
色木槭A. mono | 耐荫Shade-tolerant | 3.10 ± 0.10 | ||
亚乔木 Subcanopy arbor | 散孔材 Diffuse-porous wood | 稠李P. racemosa | 耐荫Shade-tolerant | 6.37 ± 2.89 |
暴马丁香S. reticulata var. amurensis | 耐荫Shade-tolerant | 5.73 ± 1.19 |
表3
器官、树种及其交互作用对碳、氮、磷含量及其计量比的影响的双因素方差分析"
因变量 Dependent variable | 器官 Organ | 树种 Tree species | 器官×树种 Organ × tree species | ||||||||
df | F | P | df | F | P | df | F | P | |||
C | 8/243 | 18.48 | < 0.001 | 9/243 | 15.85 | < 0.001 | 63/243 | 7.62 | < 0.001 | ||
N | 8/243 | 568.99 | < 0.001 | 9/243 | 34.48 | < 0.001 | 63/243 | 9.46 | < 0.001 | ||
P | 8/243 | 207.31 | < 0.001 | 9/243 | 8.19 | < 0.001 | 63/243 | 4.31 | < 0.001 | ||
C∶N | 8/243 | 342.57 | < 0.001 | 9/243 | 19.73 | < 0.001 | 63/243 | 5.26 | < 0.001 | ||
C∶P | 8/243 | 114.23 | < 0.001 | 9/243 | 1.17 | 0.319 | 63/243 | 2.07 | < 0.001 | ||
N∶P | 8/243 | 269.19 | < 0.001 | 9/243 | 42.76 | < 0.001 | 63/243 | 9.4 | < 0.001 |
表4
各器官碳、氮、磷含量间相关关系的标准主轴回归①"
器官 Organ | n | Y=C; X=N | Y=C; X=P | Y=P; X=N | ||||||||
b (95%CI) | R2 | P | b (95%CI) | R2 | P | b (95%CI) | R2 | P | ||||
叶Leaf | 30 | 0.184 (0.126, 0.267) | 0.017 | 0.495 | 0.168 (0.115, 0.246) | 0.004 | 0.726 | 1.09 (0.778, 1.525) | 0.216 | 0.010 | ||
枝Branch | 30 | -0.093 (-0.129, -0.066) | 0.244 | 0.006 | 0.109 (0.075, 0.158) | 0.009 | 0.616 | 0.851 (0.586, 1.237) | 0.027 | 0.388 | ||
树皮Bark | 30 | -0.217 (-0.315, -0.150) | 0.038 | 0.303 | -0.295 (-0.428, -0.203) | 0.033 | 0.340 | 0.736 (0.514, 1.052) | 0.108 | 0.076 | ||
边材Sapwood | 30 | 0.107 (0.080, 0.144) | 0.409 | < 0.001 | -0.147 (-0.212, -0.102) | 0.071 | 0.154 | -0.729 (-1.064, -0.500) | 0.000 | 0.911 | ||
心材Heartwood | 21 | 0.095 (0.067, 0.133) | 0.477 | < 0.001 | 0.083 (0.053, 0.129) | 0.060 | 0.284 | 1.149 (0.764, 1.729) | 0.235 | 0.026 | ||
树桩Stump | 18 | 0.133 (0.080, 0.220) | 0.001 | 0.919 | -0.113 (-0.185, -0.069) | 0.079 | 0.259 | 1.171 (0.776, 1.768) | 0.361 | 0.008 | ||
大根Large root | 30 | -0.089 (-0.130, -0.061) | 0.007 | 0.665 | -0.161 (-0.227, -0.114) | 0.168 | 0.024 | 0.553 (0.384, 0.798) | 0.062 | 0.184 | ||
粗根Coarse root | 30 | 0.074 (0.052, 0.106) | 0.112 | 0.071 | -0.167 (-0.243, -0.114) | 0.005 | 0.711 | 0.445 (0.308, 0.645) | 0.043 | 0.273 | ||
细根Fine root | 24 | 0.109 (0.071, 0.167) | 0.001 | 0.868 | 0.351 (0.229, 0.540) | 0.000 | 0.922 | 0.309 (0.206, 0.465) | 0.100 | 0.133 |
表5
各树种碳、氮、磷含量间相关关系的标准主轴回归"
树种Species | n | Y=C; X=N | Y=C; X=P | Y=P; X=N | ||||||||
b (95%CI) | R2 | P | b (95%CI) | R2 | P | b (95%CI) | R2 | P | ||||
白桦 B. platyphylla | 24 | 0.055 (0.043, 0.070) | 0.700 | < 0.001 | 0.122 (0.086, 0.173) | 0.355 | 0.002 | 0.453 (0.362, 0.566) | 0.738 | < 0.001 | ||
山杨 Populus davidiana | 27 | 0.049 (0.038, 0.064) | 0.586 | < 0.001 | 0.085 (0.060, 0.119) | 0.295 | 0.003 | 0.582 (0.468, 0.725) | 0.711 | < 0.001 | ||
香杨 Populus koreana | 27 | 0.037 (0.028, 0.050) | 0.509 | < 0.001 | 0.058 (0.043, 0.078) | 0.474 | < 0.001 | 0.648 (0.556, 0.756) | 0.860 | < 0.001 | ||
胡桃楸 J. mandshurica | 27 | 0.032 (0.024, 0.045) | 0.366 | < 0.001 | 0.059 (0.042, 0.082) | 0.293 | 0.004 | 0.555 (0.487, 0.631) | 0.900 | <0.001 | ||
春榆U. davidiana var. japonica | 27 | -0.055 (-0.081, -0.038) | 0.094 | 0.119 | -0.084 (-0.123, -0.057) | 0.094 | 0.119 | 0.659 (0.557, 0.779) | 0.832 | < 0.001 | ||
水曲柳 F. mandshurica | 27 | -0.013 (-0.019, -0.009) | 0.010 | 0.982 | 0.025 (0.017, 0.038) | 0.002 | 0.821 | 0.513 (0.411, 0.640) | 0.706 | < 0.001 | ||
紫椴T. amurensis | 21 | -0.069 (-0.11, -0.043) | 0.010 | 0.952 | 0.108 (0.069, 0.168) | 0.086 | 0.198 | 0.640 (0.487, 0.842) | 0.666 | < 0.001 | ||
色木槭A. mono | 21 | 0.018 (0.011, 0.028) | 0.031 | 0.442 | 0.037 (0.024, 0.057) | 0.121 | 0.122 | 0.485 (0.368, 0.640) | 0.660 | < 0.001 | ||
稠李Padu racemosa | 21 | 0.027 (0.018, 0.042) | 0.169 | 0.064 | 0.057 (0.038, 0.084) | 0.277 | 0.014 | 0.482 (0.389, 0.597) | 0.797 | < 0.001 | ||
暴马丁香 S. reticulata var. amurensis | 21 | 0.037 (0.024, 0.056) | 0.199 | 0.043 | 0.076 (0.053, 0.109) | 0.412 | 0.002 | 0.486 (0.384, 0.615) | 0.755 | < 0.001 |
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[1] | 程瑞梅, 王娜, 肖文发, 沈雅飞, 刘泽彬. 陆地生态系统生态化学计量学研究进展[J]. 林业科学, 2018, 54(7): 130-136. |
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