中国落叶松八齿小蠹伴生粘束孢属真菌的鉴定及其系统发育分析

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20160810

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的]对我国东北异域分布的3种落叶松林内齿小蠹粘束孢属（微囊菌目：粘束孢科）伴生真菌进行系统调查和分析，为研究其致病机制奠定基础，为控制森林病虫害提供理论依据。[方法]对异域分布的长白落叶松和华北落叶松八齿小蠹（鞘翅目：小蠹科）的虫体和坑道组织进行伴生真菌的分离纯化，进行生理学特性、菌落特征、微观形态学的观察，以及基于rRNA-ITS和TEF-1α多位点DNA序列的系统发育进行分析。[结果]落叶松粘束孢和黑梗粘束孢2种粘束孢属真菌与我国的落叶松八齿小蠹伴生，其中落叶松粘束孢为中国新纪录种。落叶松粘束孢和黑梗粘束孢都是首次从亚洲落叶松八齿小蠹上分离到，与落叶松八齿小蠹形成新的小蠹虫-真菌伴生关系。在亚洲落叶松八齿小蠹和中国落叶松坑道中发现了落叶松粘束孢，不仅丰富了菌株数量，也扩大了落叶松粘束孢的分布范围，同时也增加了中国地区粘束孢属真菌的种类。目前黑梗粘束孢仅在中国云南松梢木蠹象（鞘翅目：象甲科）上分离得到，本研究不仅增加了黑梗粘束孢的寄主种类，也扩大了寄主的分布范围。该种在我国的分布跨度区域巨大，可能是一个广泛分布的种。[结论]多基因序列特征表明来自云南松梢木蠹象和亚洲落叶松八齿小蠹2种不同生态位的黑梗粘束孢存在种下分化现象，进一步支持了在不同地理（或寄主）种群中发现伴生菌存在适应寄主植物和小蠹虫的分化潜力这一结论。落叶松粘束孢和黑梗粘束孢都是首次从亚洲落叶松八齿小蠹上分离到，为进一步研究其与落叶松八齿小蠹间的伴生关系，以及在危害寄主方面的协同作用提供良好的模式材料。

关键词: 落叶松八齿小蠹, 落叶松粘束孢, 黑梗粘束孢, 新纪录种, 伴生关系

Abstract: [Objective] In this study, we conducted a systematic investigation and analysis on Graphium spp. (Microascales:Graphiaceae) associated with Ips subelongatus Motschulsky (Coleoptera:Scolytidae) in three allopatric larches in northeast China. The study aimed at providing theoretical basis for controling the composite damages by I. subelongatus from the viewpoint of associated fungus pathogens.[Method] In this study, the associated fungi were separated and purified from the body of I. subelongatus and the gallery tissue from allopatric larches:Larix olgensis and L. principis-rupprechtii. Colonies and morphology characteristics were observed, and DNA sequence comparisons for rRNA-ITS and TEF-1α gene regions were conducted.[Result] Result indicated that two species Graphium laricis K. Jacobs, T. Kirisits & M.J. Wingf. and G. carbonarium Paciura, Z.W. de Beer, X.D.Zhou & M.J. Wingf., were stably associated with I. subelongatus. Moreover, G. laricis is a new record species in China. G. laricis and G. carbonarium were first isolated from I. subelongatus, and formed a new association with I. subelongatus. This finding not only enriched the number of strains, but also expanded the distribution range of G. laricis. Meanwhile, this study increased the number of species of Graphium which were isolated in China. G. carbonarium, which was only found from Pissodes sp. (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) in China, now was also isolated from I. subelongatus in this study. The result in this paper added the host species and extended the distribution of host as well. Moreover, the multi-gene sequences characteristic indicates that G. carbonarium, isolated from different hosts of Pissodes sp. and I. subelongatus, could have subspecies differentiation.[Conclusion] Multiple gene sequence characteristics showed that the associated fungi from host plants and bark beetles were two different ecological niches, suggesting that there would be exist differentiation phenomenon in G. carbonarium. The associations between Ips beetles and Graphium fungi exhibited an ideal insight into completely understanding the symbiotic relationship between I. subelongatus and Graphium fungi, and synergistic effect about harming hosts as well.

Key words: Ips subelongatus, G.laricis, G. carbonarium, new record species, association

中图分类号:

S718.81

刘学伟, 吕全, 孟贤静, 白雪松, 黄国军, 李秀玲, 张星耀. 中国落叶松八齿小蠹伴生粘束孢属真菌的鉴定及其系统发育分析[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(8): 76-87.

Liu Xuewei, Lü Quan, Meng Xianjing, Bai Xuesong, Huang Guojun, Li Xiuling, Zhang Xingyao. Identification and Phylogeny of Graphium spp. (Microascales: Graphiaceae) Associated with Ips subelongatus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in China[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2016, 52(8): 76-87.

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