四川盆地亚热带常绿阔叶林不同物候期土壤动物对凋落物氮和磷释放的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20150101

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

[目的]探讨不同物候期土壤动物对凋落物分解过程中N和P释放特征的影响,以期进一步认识凋落物分解与植物生长间的生态联系.[方法]以四川盆地亚热带常绿阔叶林典型人工林马尾松和柳杉及次生林香樟和麻栎凋落物为研究对象,采用不同孔径凋落物分解袋排除土壤动物的方法,于2011年11月—2012年10月按照凋落物自然分解过程在不同物候期(秋末落叶期、萌动期、展叶期、叶片成熟期、盛叶期和叶衰期)研究去除和不去除土壤动物条件下凋落物分解过程中N和P的浓度、释放率以及释放速率特征.[结果]在第1年的凋落物分解过程中,N浓度在4种凋落物的分解过程中均表现出升高的趋势,土壤动物提高了叶片成熟期马尾松和香樟凋落物N浓度,但降低了柳杉和麻栎凋落物N浓度;4种凋落物P浓度在分解过程中以叶片成熟期和盛叶期达到最高值,除土壤动物显著影响叶片成熟期香樟P浓度外,对其他3种凋落物分解过程中P浓度无显著影响;土壤动物显著影响凋落物N和P的释放过程,移除土壤动物条件下,4种凋落物N在展叶期表现为释放的过程,此后释放率持续下降,但4种凋落物P在展叶期和叶片成熟期表现为释放,盛叶期表现为富集,至叶衰期又表现为释放的过程;相对而言,允许土壤动物进入条件下,马尾松和香樟凋落物N和P在叶片成熟期表现为明显富集现象,而盛叶期表现为明显释放过程,柳杉和麻栎凋落物N和P却表现为叶片成熟期释放而盛叶期明显富集的过程;经过整个第1年的凋落物分解,土壤动物明显促进了柳杉和麻栎凋落物分解过程N的释放以及马尾松凋落物分解过程中P的释放,但土壤动物抑制马尾松和香樟凋落物分解过程中N的释放,以及香樟、柳杉和麻栎凋落物分解过程中P的释放;相对于其他物候期,秋末落叶期和萌动期土壤动物抑制马尾松和香樟凋落物分解过程中N和P的释放,而在展叶期、叶片成熟期和盛叶期土壤动物促进马尾松、香樟和麻栎凋落物分解过程中N和P的释放.[结论]土壤动物可显著影响四川盆地亚热带常绿阔叶林凋落物分解过程中N和P的释放过程,在植物生长较慢的秋末落叶期、萌动期和展叶期土壤动物对凋落物N和P释放的影响相对较小,而在植物生长大量消耗养分的叶片成熟期和盛叶期,土壤动物对凋落物N和P释放的作用更为明显,这一定程度上表明了土壤动物与植物可能存在竞争关系.

关键词: 土壤动物, 凋落物分解, N和P释放, 常绿阔叶林

Abstract:

[Objective]The release of nitrogen and phosphorus from litters at different phenological stages can be directly supplied to plants to meet the demands for nutrients to a certain extent. Soil fauna can promote nutrients release from foliar litter, and also compete with plants for available soil nutrients and other resources, but the hydro-thermal conditions and litter quality at different phenological stages could have direct impacts on play activities of soil fauna and other decomposers. Therefore, understanding of the effects of soil fauna on nitrogen and phosphorus release from litters is one of the essential components in knowing the ecological linkages between litter decomposition and plant growth.[Method]Litters of four representative tree species including Pinus massoniana and Cryptomeria fortunei as plantation species and Cinnamomum camphora and Quercus acutissima as secondary forest species in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests in Sichuan Basin of southwestern China were selected for the study. Litterbags with different mesh sizes (0.04 and 3 mm) were used to exclude soil fauna. To simulate the natural decomposition in field from November 2011 to October 2012, litterbags were sampled at different stages of leaf development: defoliation, budding, expanding, maturing, peaking and declining, in order to analyze nitrogen and phosphorus contents, release rate and characteristics of the release during the litter decomposition process with and without soil fauna.[Result]Nitrogen content tended to increase with the progress of litter decomposition regardless of tree species. Soil fauna increased nitrogen content for P. massoniana and C. camphora during the leaf maturing stage, but decreased nitrogen content for C. fortunei and Q. acutissima. Litter phosphorus content peaked during leaf maturing and peaking stages. Soil fauna had a significant impact on litter phosphorus content for C. camphora at the leaf maturing stage, but not significant for the other three species. Moreover, soil fauna significantly affected the processes of nitrogen and phosphorus release during litter decomposition. When excluding soil fauna, litter nitrogen was released at the leaf expanding stage and followed by continual decrease for all the 4 species, but litter phosphorus exhibited release at leaf expanding and maturing stages, accumulation at the peaking stage and release again at the declining stage. However, with soil fauna exists, the litter nitrogen and phosphorus for P. massoniana and C. camphora showed obvious accumulation at the maturing stage but release at the peaking stage, while those for C. fortunei and Q. acutissima showed release at the leaf maturing stage but accumulation at the peaking stage. After one year decomposition of litters, soil fauna significantly promoted litter nitrogen release for C. fortunei and Q. acutissima and litter phosphorus release of P. massoniana, but limited litter nitrogen release for P. massoniana and C. camphora and litter phosphorus release for C. camphora, C. fortunei and Q. acutissima. Soil fauna limited litter nitrogen and phosphorus release for P. massoniana and C. camphora at the defoliation and budding stages compared with other stages. In contrast, soil fauna promoted litter nitrogen and phosphorus release for P. massoniana, C. camphora and C. fortunei at leaf expanding, maturing and peaking stages.[Conclusion]Soil fauna significantly influenced the nitrogen and phosphorus release during litter decomposition in the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests in Sichuan Basin. The impacts on litter nitrogen and phosphorus release were relatively small at defoliation, budding and expanding stages in which plants grow slowly, but more evident at the leaf maturing and peaking stages in which plants consume a lot of nutrients, to some extent indicating that the competitive relationships between flora and the soil fauna.

Key words: soil fauna, litter decomposition, nitrogen and phosphorus releasing, evergreen broad-leaved forest

中图分类号:

S718.5

王文君, 杨万勤, 谭波, 刘瑞龙, 吴福忠. 四川盆地亚热带常绿阔叶林不同物候期土壤动物对凋落物氮和磷释放的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(1): 1-11.

Wang Wenjun, Yang Wanqin, Tan Bo, Liu Ruilong, Wu Fuzhong. Effects of Soil Fauna to Nitrogen and Phosphorus Releases during Litter Decomposition at Different Phenological Stages in the Subtropical Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forest in Sichuan Basin[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2015, 51(1): 1-11.

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