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林业科学 ›› 2007, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (06): 13-19.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20070603

• 论文及研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄土高原子午岭森林破碎化对流域水文过程的影响

索安宁1,2 熊友才2 王天明2 寇晓军2 葛剑平2   

  1. 1.国家海洋环境监测中心,大连116023;2.北京师范大学生命科学学院,北京100875
  • 收稿日期:2006-04-05 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2007-06-25 发布日期:2007-06-25

Effect of Deforestation on Watershed Hydrological Process in Ziwuling on the Loess Plateau

Suo Anning1,2,Xiong Youcai2,Wang Tianming2,Kou Xiaojun2,Ge Jianping2   

  1. 1. National Marine Environment Monitor Center Dalian 116023; 2. College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875
  • Received:2006-04-05 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2007-06-25 Published:2007-06-25

摘要:

以子午岭南部的三水河流域为例,选择年径流深度、最大月径流量、侵蚀模数和河流平均含沙量等作为水文过程参数,基于流域降水和各水文参量的变化趋势分析降水变化和森林破碎化对水文过程的影响。利用1976年以来的4期土地利用变化数据,分析林地面积与水文过程各参量之间的关系,建立基于降水和林地面积两种因素的水文过程统计模拟模型。结果表明:1976年以来,由于森林破碎化,尤其是上游连片分布的森林景观斑块化,使流域年径流深度增加了62.85%,侵蚀模数增加了90.76%,最大月径流量和河流平均泥沙含量分别增大了58.36%和63.21%,其中林地面积的减少对年径流深度的贡献率为72.35%,对最大月径流量的贡献率为45.18%,对侵蚀模数和河流泥沙平均含量的贡献率分别为86.73%和79.61%。

关键词: 森林破碎化, 黄土高原, 水文过程, 三水河流域

Abstract:

Watershed of Sanshuihe which lied in southern part of Ziwuling mountains on the Loess Plateau was chose as a case in this paper, and depth of annual runoff, maximum monthly runoff, erosion modulus and sediment content were chose as parameters of hydrological process. Deforestation of last 26 years was obtained by remote monitor and interpolation. The relationships between deforestation and parameters of hydrological process were analyzed quantitatively, and the regression models of hydrological process were established depending on rainfall and deforestation. The results showed: Deforestation in Sanshuihe watershed has led up to increasing in annual runoff depth by 62.85%, in annual erosion modulus by 90.76%, in maximum monthly runoff by 58.36% and in sediment content by 63.21%. Respectively over the past three decades. The contribution percentage of the reduction in forest area to the increase in annual runoff depth was 72.35%, to the increase in maximum runoff was 45.18%, to the increase in erosion modulus and mean sediment content of river by 86.73% and 79.61% respectively.

Key words: deforestation, the Loess Plateau, dydrological process, Sanshuihe watershed