关键词: 景观要素, 异质性, 景观格局, 城市森林类型, 分布梯度, 马鞍山市

Abstract:

Based on theory and methodology of landscape ecology, the landscape configuration of the Maanshan was analyzed by using the technique of RS, GPS and GIS, the study area covered whole downtown with 63.8 km²; meanwhile, a sample transect (covered 63% of the study area) was made along the long axle of the city from its south edge to the north, and total 6 sample plots were analyzed using overlapping moving windows, The results showed that there were 5 major landscape elements, I.e. building and hard pavement surface, urban forest, agricultural field, waters and general greens space, and occupied area 67.25%, 16.47%, 11.9%, 3.99%, 0.39% respectively in order. The landscape diversity 1.071 28, the dominants for landscape elements were put in order as the following: building and pavement surface 0.573,urban forest 0.472,agricutural field 0.122,water 0.114,general green space 0.029. According to land use categories and its function, the urban forest could be classified as the following 6 types, landscape forest, yard woods, recreation woods, road side forest, nersery, ecological and shelter forest; they occupied 40.8%,23.9%,21.5%, 7%,3.6%,3.2% of whole urban forest land separately; Among of them the landscape forest area was the largest but with less patch numbers, and yard woods has most patch numbers and distributed separately more in city area and made more effects on city environment improvement. The numbers of urban forest patch reached to 2 464, the area of the largest one reached up to 185.1 hm² and the average area 0.43 hm², the larger patches distributed major in the western side of the city; Both of the urban forest density of landscape and its nearest neighbor index showed that urban forest patch had higher aggregative situation; the investigation from the transect showed that urban forest distribution varied from center of downtown to suburb, its area occupation and patch density was all higher in downtown compared to that in suburb, this result was opposite to that from most cities in North America countries. The some suggestions on urban forest development in future were advised in the paper as well.

Key words: landscape element, heterogeneity, landscape pattern, urban forest types, distribution gradient, Maanshan