亚热带常绿阔叶林不同菌根类型的林下木本植物根叶功能性状差异及影响因素

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20260402

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: The study aims to investigate differences in root and leaf functional traits of understory woody plants with different mycorrhizal types in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests, reveal whether mycorrhizal types influence root and leaf traits, and examine how soil factors affect root and leaf traits in arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal plants. This research aims to provide a theoretical basis for understanding how mycorrhizal types drive coordinated variations in aboveground-belowground functional traits and the environmental adaptation strategies of plants. Method: Five arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and five ectomycorrhizal (ECM) tree species coexisting in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest were selected as the study subjects. Leaf and root functional traits, along with soil properties, were measured and analyzed to clarify the differences in root and leaf functional traits among plants with different mycorrhizal types and to elucidated the relationship between trait variation and soil factors. Result: AM tree species had significantly higher leaf water content, specific leaf area, specific root length, and specific root area, and significantly lower leaf mass per area, leaf carbon content, root tissue density, root branching ratio, branching intensity, and root carbon content than those of ECM species. AM tree species tended to adopt a “low-input, fast-return” resource acquisitive strategy, that is, they rapidly acquired resources through high specific leaf area and low leaf mass per area. ECM species follow a “high-input, slow-return” resource conservative strategy, characterized by low specific leaf area and high leaf mass per area, and they acquired resources more slowly but possessed stronger defensive capabilities. Root trait variation also involved a “do-it-yourself-mycorrhizal investment” collaboration axis, which included independent roots development (high specific root length and specific root surface area) and investment in mycorrhizal symbiosis (high branching intensity and reliance on mycorrhizal symbiosis for resource acquisition). AM species rely on high specific root length and specific root surface area to enhance their root systems’ ability to acquire soil nutrients and water, while ECM species enhance resource acquisition by increasing root branching to promote symbiosis with fungi. The correlations between leaf and root traits were different between the two mycorrhizal types. In AM species, specific leaf area was significantly positively correlated with root branching intensity, reflecting coordinated aboveground-belowground resource acquisition strategies. However, in ECM species, these relationships were mostly non-significant, suggesting a decoupled pattern. Soil factors exerted differential regulatory effects on the allocation of root and leaf traits assembly between the two mycorrhizal types. Under low pH and low inorganic nitrogen conditions, AM species increased specific leaf area and specific root length. Under high pH and low nitrate conditions, ECM species increased root tissue density and branching traits. Soil dissolved organic carbon was positively correlated with specific root length and specific root surface area in AM species (P<0.05), and positively correlated with specific leaf area (P<0.05) in ECM species, and negatively correlated with leaf carbon content in ECM species (P<0.001). Conclusion: The mycorrhizal type derives the differentiation of leaf and root traits along the resource “acquisitive-conservative” economic spectrum and the “do-it-yourself-mycorrhizal investment” collaboration axis. The soil pH and nitrogen availability are key environmental filters modulating root-leaf trait variation.

Key words: functional traits, root-leaf trait coordination, resource acquisition strategy, mycorrhizal type, soil properties

CLC Number:

S718.5

Simeng Chen,Shuang Wang,Qianyuan Liu,Liang Kou,Fengting Yang,Huimin Wang. Variations in Root and Leaf Functional Traits and Their Driving Factors in Understory Woody Plants with Different Mycorrhizal Types in Subtropical Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forests[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2026, 62(10): 42-57.

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物种 Species	菌根类型Mycorrhizal type	树高 Tree height/m	地径 Ground diameter/mm
黄瑞木Adinandra millettii	丛枝菌根Arbuscular mycorrhiza	2.58	39.60
荚蒾Viburnum dilatatum	丛枝菌根Arbuscular mycorrhiza	2.08	22.40
栀子树Gardenia jasminoides	丛枝菌根Arbuscular mycorrhiza	1.58	13.08
枫香Liquidambar formosana	丛枝菌根Arbuscular mycorrhiza	2.60	28.43
盐肤木Rhus chinensis	丛枝菌根Arbuscular mycorrhiza	6.90	72.00
檵木Loropetalum chinense	外生菌根Ectomycorrhiza	3.55	42.60
青冈栎Quercus glauca	外生菌根Ectomycorrhiza	3.95	71.10
麻栎Quercus acutissima	外生菌根Ectomycorrhiza	4.15	92.98
湿地松Pinus elliottii	外生菌根Ectomycorrhiza	5.93	127.75
红锥Castanopsis hystrix	外生菌根Ectomycorrhiza	5.05	49.20

项目Items	简写 Abbreviation	单位 Units	样本数量 Sample numbers	最小值 Min.	最大值 Max.	均值 Mean	标准误差 Standard error	变异系数 Coefficient of variation
叶片含水量Leaf water content	LWC	%	40	31.02	69.94	53.61	1.36	0.16
比叶面积Specific leaf area	SLA	cm²·g^–1	40	21.17	196.62	118.39	6.79	0.36
比叶质量Leaf mass per area	LMA	mg·cm^–2	40	5.09	47.24	10.82	1.34	0.79
叶碳含量Leaf carbon content	LCC	g·g^–1	40	0.45	0.54	0.50	0.00	0.04
叶氮含量Leaf nitrogen content	LNC	mg·g^–1	40	11.84	25.03	17.56	0.52	0.19
叶碳氮比Leaf carbon-to-nitrogen ratio	LC∶N	—	40	20.72	42.91	29.16	0.84	0.18
根直径Root diameter	RD	mm	40	0.11	0.27	0.17	0.01	0.27
根组织密度Root tissue density	RTD	g·cm^–3	40	0.29	1.11	0.71	0.04	0.32
比根长Specific root length	SRL	m·g^–1	40	32.70	193.35	77.50	6.90	0.56
比根表面积Specific root surface area	SRA	cm²·g^–1	40	201.59	749.41	369.87	22.36	0.38
根分枝比Root branching ratio	BR	—	40	1.43	8.48	4.00	0.31	0.48
根分枝强度Root branching density	BI	cm^–1	40	1.34	19.49	6.16	0.72	0.74
根碳含量Root carbon content	RCC	g·g^–1	40	0.36	0.47	0.43	0.00	0.06
根氮含量Root nitrogen content	RNC	mg·g^–1	40	7.38	14.91	10.88	0.30	0.18
根碳氮比Root carbon-to-nitrogen ratio	RC∶N	—	40	25.69	57.87	40.88	1.29	0.20

叶片性状Leaf traits	PC1	PC2
叶片含水量Leaf water content (LWC)	?0.019	?0.727
比叶面积Specific leaf area (SLA)	?0.877	?0.285
比叶质量Leaf mass per area (LMA)	0.823	0.314
叶碳含量Leaf carbon content (LCC)	0.248	0.842
叶氮含量Leaf nitrogen content (LNC)	?0.779	0.560
叶碳氮比Leaf carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (LC∶N)	0.899	?0.328
特征值Eigenvalues	2.923	1.840
方差解释率Ratio of variance explained (%)	48.72	30.67
累积解释率Cumulative resolution rate (%)	48.72	79.39

根性状Root traits	PC1	PC2
根直径Root diameter (RD)	0.145	?0.656
根组织密度Root tissue density (RTD)	0.816	0.231
比根长Specific root length (SRL)	?0.753	0.483
比根表面积Specific root surface area (SRA)	?0.901	0.281
根分枝比Root branching ratio (BR)	0.803	?0.153
根分枝强度Root branching density (BI)	0.786	0.104
根碳含量Root carbon content (RCC)	0.410	0.432
根氮含量Root nitrogen content (RNC)	?0.189	?0.810
根碳氮比Root carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (RC∶N)	0.274	0.858
特征值Eigenvalues	3.607	2.408
方差解释率Ratio of variance explained (%)	40.07	26.76
累积解释率Cumulative resolution rate (%)	40.07	66.83

性状Traits	PC1	PC2
叶片含水量Leaf water content (LWC)	?0.726	0.281
比叶面积Specific leaf area (SLA)	?0.378	?0.643
比叶质量Leaf mass per area (LMA)	0.367	0.802
叶碳含量Leaf carbon content (LCC)	0.580	0.283
叶氮含量Leaf nitrogen content (LNC)	0.250	?0.610
叶碳氮比Leaf carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (LC∶N)	?0.085	0.709
根直径Root diameter (RD)	0.137	0.521
根组织密度Root tissue density (RTD)	0.756	?0.265
比根长Specific root length (SRL)	?0.708	?0.222
比根表面积Specific root surface area (SRA)	?0.852	?0.083
根分枝比Root branching ratio (BR)	0.821	0.018
根分枝强度Root branching density (BI)	0.826	?0.157
根碳含量Root carbon content (RCC)	0.377	?0.438
根氮含量Root nitrogen content (RNC)	?0.040	0.558
根碳氮比Root carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (RC∶N)	0.143	?0.569
特征值Eigenvalues	4.552	3.342
方差解释率Ratio of variance explained (%)	30.35	22.28
累积解释率Cumulative resolution rate (%)	30.35	52.63

Variations in Root and Leaf Functional Traits and Their Driving Factors in Understory Woody Plants with Different Mycorrhizal Types in Subtropical Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forests

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土壤因子Soil factors	方差膨胀因子VIF
pH	2.698
土壤电导率Soil electrical conductivity (EC)	2.416
土壤含水量Soil water content (SWC)	1.290
土壤有机碳含量Soil organic carbon content (SOC)	6.037
土壤可溶性有机碳含量Soil dissolved carbon content (DOC)	1.544
土壤全氮含量Soil total nitrogen content (STN)	5.894
土壤铵态氮含量Soil ammonium nitrogen content (AMN)	2.861
土壤硝态氮含量Soil nitrate nitrogen content (NTN)	4.444
土壤全磷含量Soil total phosphorus content (STP)	1.603

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