From slides of longitudinal sections of ovules, it is shown that the ovule is "Hemiantropous" rather than true "anatropus" as described by Mccann (1945). The embryo sac is of "Polygonum type". with the antipdal cells penetrating deeply into the nucellar tissue on the chalazal end to act as absorbing haustorium. After the tree was artificially pollinated, germination of pollen on the stigamatic surface, and passage of pollen tube growth through the stylar tissue: Obturator and nucellar beak into the embryo sac were carefully watched and followed. On slides of the same ovule sectioned after 2 days of pollination, secondary nucleus, sperm nucleus and fertilized egg were found. In 2 ovules sectioned after 11-12 days of pollination, the first cell divisiion of their young embryos was diagonal, and not transverse as noted by Mccann. In the spherical embryo stage, plumular primordia were distinct.

Spent sulfite liquor, after alcoholic fermentation and dislillation was used in long-middle period tapping of pine trees (Pinus Massoniana). An average 32.8% increasing in oleoresin yield was obtained in small scale experiment lasting three years. In productive scale experiments, oleoresin yield was increased roughly 30%. The yield was somewhat varied owing to the differences of geographical distribution, standing circumstances, arboreal growth, and tapping technic. The labor productivity of tapping was raised by about 27%, while using a tube applying ax of gas pressure type. The tapping technic with spent liquor was fundamentally similar to that of ordinary method, excepting additional applying procedure. Concentration of waste liquor used was changed with the weather. The specific gravity 1.05, was generally used and 1.03 was used in dry season. The dose for a pair of streaks averaged 0.5-1.0g. Spent liquor tapping showed more efficient to those trees with lower resin productivity. It could also give greater gain in drier, lower temperature and shorter sun-shine tapping seasn. As it prolongs the length of tapping season, total output of oleoresin in one year can be increased. Spent liquor was harmless to man, cattle, and clothes. Tapping with spent liquor would not bring bad effects to growth of trees in comparison with ordinary tapping method. After washing with water, oleoresin produced with spent salfite liquor could be processed to give rosin and turpentine of good quality. The products could satisfy the specifications for rosin and turpentine published by the Ministry of Forestry.

An analysis of Rema's automatic log scaler is presented in this article. It points out that in such kind of scaling system, the time interval for scanning the log shadow by the small rotating mirror on the parabolic reflector is not in proportion to the log diameter which leads to errors in measurement. A formula describing these errors is derived, the magnitude of these errors is calculated, and several methods of diminishing these errors are suggested, A11 of these can be used as references in designing and improving such kind of scaling system.

Metrological data were collected at 3 stations located in forest stands of three different tree species (Pinus koraiensis S. & Z., Larix gmelini Rupr. Abies nephrolepis Maxim.) in Heilongjiang province, Northeastern China. From these data, heat balance of these stands were calculated and compared, the results are: (1) The total, as well as the scattered solar radiation was lower than that in the open, and radiation in stands with denser closed canopy is lower than those with less dense closed canopy. Variation in radiation is greater along the horizontal direction in the stands; along the vertical direction, it was decreasing from the crown to the lower part in accordance with the law of index diminishing In the forest stand the green light is the dominant component of the radiation spectrum, because the largest portion absorbed by the tree crown occurred in the orange region of the spectrum, with red and blue regions in a lesser degree. Albedo and effective radiation in the forest stands were lower than that in the open. Balance of radiation in the forest stands was much less than that in the open, in the stands it was about 10% higher. (2) The turbulent heat exchange above the forest stands was higher than that in the open, but inside the stands, it was very weak because temperature inversion generally occurred. (3) The change of heat capacity in the forest stands was very low, generally less than 0.1 cal. 1cm²/min. (4) The total evapotranspiration in summer time was 4.8 mm per day in average, of which 4.5 mm was allocated to transpiration of the trees, and 0.3 mm to evaporation of the forest floor. (5)If the balance of radiation within stands to be taken as 100%, 55% is used for evapotraspiration, 37% for turbulent heat exchange and 8% for heat capacity chang.

Deodar Cedar is a native of India. It was introduced into Yunnan for cultivation about 30 years ago. Measurements of growth in seedlings and grown-up trees (solitary or in stands)showed, they are well adapted to the environment of Yunnan, such as Kunming or other places of that province Sound, viable seed crops were also harvested, though limited in quantity. Prompt germination of seed was discovered in the field, and possibility natural reproduction is assumed. As compared with its growth in India, it is by no means less thrifty or may be even better. Height of 14 years old tree is 12-13m with DBH of about 16cm Average annual height and diameter growth is abiut 0.90m and 1.1 cm respectively. As the author suggested, it is worth trying to us this species for reforestation purpose on various cutting sites in Yunnan, at least in an experimental scale in the beginning. Necessary silvicultural measures for successful planting have been outlined.

Bethylid (Scleroderma sp.) is one of the ectoparasitic wasp species that infest the larvae and pupae of Semanotus bifasciatus (Motsch.) Its adult over winters in a bored hole of tree trunk. Under room temperature, five to six generations of adults can be reared annually. Monochamus alternatus Hope and Callidicum villosulm Fairm. may be used as culture hosts for artificial propagation of Scleroderma sp.. This bethylid has an ability to bore into the wood of tree trunk to search for its host. It is released to control the larvae of Semanotus bifasciatus (motsch.) in China fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) stands, the rate of parasitization is about 70%.