Nonlinear growth models and the matrix growth models based on a linear growth function are always used independently in simulating the growth dynamic of stands. Based on Buongiorno and Michie's matrix model, a set of nonlinear growth models of uneven-aged stands with three units are established in this paper. The development of the uneven-aged stands is predicted by using both linear and nonlinear growth models. The results show that the combined use of nonlinear growth model and matrix model has the advantages of being well-knit and highly precise, so that it is an effective method for predicting the growth dynemic of stands. The data used here orginated from the Korean pine mixed forest in Changbai Mountains.

Pinus yunnanensis stand system is an open system for exchanging matter and energy with outside environment to form a unblance state, stable and order saturated stand structure through asynchronous growth of its daughter systems which consist of upper story dominated trees and understory suppressed trees.In the saturated stand system, the numbers of suppressed tree differentiate from dominated trees each year and the death amount of suppressed tree are coordinate so as to maintain its structure which could contain dominated tree 30-40%,and its volume 60-70%.In order to make stands return into saturated stand system structure, the growth increment of dominated tree should be increased by thinning Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ class tree; and the amount of suppressed tree death should be decreased simultaneously.The daughter systems of dominated trees evolve differently with the whole stand system, as a result of stand system density which is memerical assemble determined by interaction of site quality, age and density, which evolve according to the curve locus of the power function, its coefficient "A" increasing with the reduce of stand density, and the value of "B" decreasing with the reduce of stand density. The evolution law of stand system for Pinus yunnanensis has the practical values for the predicting reserved amount of dominat tree and determining the thinning intensity.

Through the Systematic Analysis of the forest resources in Daqingshan Experimental Bureau, a SD simulation model of the forest resources in this region, which is described by 34 level variables and 300 equations consisted of 9 blockettes, is developed employing system Dynamics and statistical methods. Based on the analysis, the impacts of tending and thinning regime on the growth rate of stands is studied.By means of this SD model, the dynamic actions of forest resources in this region could be conducted with many kinds of simulation experiments, and a feasible technique for exploring the impacts of management program on forest resources. In this paper, 19 management experimental schemes are designed and simulated, and the results are analyzed and discussed.

In the present paper,the natural fungal epizootic in the overwintering larvae of Dendrolimus tabulaeformis and D, spectabilis was extensively investigated and studied. Infective dynamics of overwintering larvae and its relation to soil temperature, humidity and precipitation under the function of P.farinosus were studied. The effectiveness of P.farinosus in controlling the overwintering larvae of the pine caterpillar on a large area was compared to that of Beauveria bassiana in the same conditions. The main results are as follows:1.The natural mortality of overwintering larvae of Dendrolimus tabulaeformis and D.spectabis is mainly caused by fungal epizootic, in which P. farinosus play an important role.2.Using P.farinosus and B,bassiana to control overwintering larvae of the two kinds of pine caterpillar are all effective, but P.farinosus is more effective. The precipitation in general years is content with the infecting overwintering larvae for P.farinosus. Therefore, the result of control can be stable, the results are always over 70%.3.The period from the end of autumn to the beginning of winter (October to December) is very fuitabls for the infection of P.farinosus to the pine caterpillar, and so do spring, but there is less infection in winter. 4.There are some larvae died after going up the tree from the soil. The phenomenon that ihe death lags infection is caused by infective latent period. when we count the mortality, this part should be added.5.The main cause which effect the protection of larvae through winter by P.farinosus is not moisture but temperature, so the effect of south slope is better than that of north slope

In this paper, three new species of Baculum infesting forest from China are described. All the type specimens are kept in Beijing Forestry University. All measurements in descriptions are in mm.1. Baculum chogxinense sp.nov. (figs. 1,2)This species is allied to B. chinense (Brunner), but differs from it in the body rather small, spines between eyes black and small, middle femo- ra with few denticles,median segment width a little longer than length and 6th median elevation not distinct.Body 77.1; pronotum 2.4; mesonotum 14.3; metanotum(+ median segment) 12.4; median segment 2.4; abdomen 44.2; first tergite 4.2; ninth tergite 2.8; front, middle and hind femora respectively 19.6, 15.2, 14.0.Male: unknownHolotype ♀, paratype 1♀, Chongxin, Gansu, Ⅶ-22-1988, Collected by Xue Lianshe.2. Baculutn intersulcatum sp.nov. (figs. 3,4)This species is related to B. irregulariter-dentatum (Brunner), but differs from it in with lamellae on the apical portions of middle and hind femora, middle femora shorter than mesonotum.Body 88.3-98.5; pronotum 3.2-3.4; mesonotum18.0-20.2, metanotum (+median segment) 14.2-16.0; median segment 2.8-3.0; abdomen 48.9-54.9; first tergite 5.4-5.8; ninth tergite 3.0-3.2; operculum 8.4-9.6; front, middle and hind femora respectively 29.5-31.5, 17.4-19.5, 21.0-24.5.Male: unknown.Holotype ♀, Shaanxi, 1986, collected by Northern Forestry College, paratypes 4♀♀, Pingli, Shaanxi, Ⅶ-1985, collected by Zou Enhong.3. Baculum pingliense sp.nov. (figs. 5,6)This species comes near to B. intersulcatum, but can be separated by without head spines, thorax and abdomen with longitudinal suture instead of carina, the apex of 9th tergite not truncate, operculum exceeds beyond supraanal plate.Body 94.4-99; pronotum 3.0-3.2; mesonotum19.2-21.2; metanotum (+median segment) 16-17; median segment 3.0-3.1; abdomen 51.6-52.4; first tergite 6-6.2; ninth tergite 2.8; front femora 31; middle femora 20; hind femora 23.5-24.5.Male: unknown.Holotype ♀, paratypes 4♀♀, Pingli, Shaanxi, Ⅶ-1985, collected by Zou En-hong.

This paper deals with the stridulation and associated behaviour in 15 species of adults of longhorned beetles in cerambycinae and lamiinae. with the prothorax stridulating organs, male or female beetles emit alarm sounds to respond to the stimulus from natural enemies or other beetles of same species. The oscillograms of alarm sounds of 13 species of beetles are greatly different from each other. A. horsfieldi beetles produce scratching sounds by the movement of fore-wing. Their stridulating organs tend to degenerate. Associated with mating behaviour, male beetles produce various sounds according to species and the physiological functions of these sounds to females are ignorant.

The pratical test indicated: There are many factors affecting cutting resistance of the blade edge, such as, angle of wedge β, angle of slidecutting α, velocity of cutting v and diameter of corm d. Through the indoor test of cutting resistance of the corms of Chinese pine, an regression formula P=f(β,a,v,d) is established by combinative designed method of quadratic-turning-regression. Then, the paper makes an optimization on the cutting parameters and provides a theoretical basis for designing a cutpicking device.

Forest site classification and forest site differentiation should not be confused,as they are two different systems.Besides general principles put out, there are four bases for site classification:1. Site pedested; 2.Site shape and structure; 3. Bioclimatic fertility; 4. Site superficial charateristic.The classification system of forest site consists of forest site series, site type class, site order, site type group, and site type (subtype).The rule which consists of site order, site type group, site type (subtype) for naming forest site has been formulated, and the site classification of MuFu Mountain has been taken, as an example.

On the basis of analysing far infra-red spectra of 22 major tree species of Fujian, for most tree species, the far infra-red radiation which caused the maximum depth of penetration in wood was around 1840 cm~(-1) wave number (5.43μm wave lenth) . Having measured the depth of far infra-red penetration of 22 tree species, we learent that the maximum one was in the tangetial section of "Albizzia kalkora" 0.71 mm; and the minmum one was in the radial section of "Photinia davidsonia" 0.135 mm. We also learnt that depth of the penetration was deeper in tangetial section than in radial section and it varied with the density and moisture content of the wood. The law of wood absorbing the far infra-red radiation corresponded with the Lambert's law of absorption, but the coefficient of absorption was larger in radial section than in tangetial section. According to analysing far infra-red spectra, we suggested that the absorption of wood cellulose and lignine unit is mainly caused by the vibration of the equivlent chains of molecular oxygenic group. These results offered a scientific basis for the study of the fundamentals of wood far infra-red drying.

Permanent sample plots were laid under forest types of different bioclimate zone between 1200-4300 m above sea leval in the Wolong Natural Reserve. Five mountain forest soil types were chosen for the sample plots: 1. mountain yellow soils under the evergreen forest, 2. mountain brown forest soils under the deciduous and broad-leaved forest, 3. mountain dark brown forest soils under the coniferous deciduous and broadleaved mixed forest , 4 . mountain brown dark coniferous forest soils Under the pure fir forest, 5. alpine meadow soils under the alpine meadow zone. Observation began in 1981 and ended in 1984. This article had shown chemical composition of lysimetric solution and soil respiratory intensity of the mountain forest soils in the Wolong Naturol Reserve. Organic C, HCO₃^-, Ca²⁺, Cl^- were the hightest content in the chemical composition of lysimetric solution, It's systematric arrangement were. Organic C>HCO₃^->Ca²⁺>Cl^->Mg²⁺>K⁺>hydrolyable N>Si⁴⁺>available P> Fe²⁺>Al³⁺>Fe³⁺>CO₃^2-; systematric arrangement of soil respiratory intensity were mountain yellow soils>mcuntain brown soils>mountain dark brown soils>mountain brown dark coniferous forest soils>alpine meadow soils. Growth seasonal variations of elemental content of lysimetric soiution and respiratory intensity were slightly evidente, but it's annual variations were no evidence.

In the paper, appling the method of "statie state life table", the dynamic states of the age structure of Fargesia dracocephala population in Baishuijiang Nature Reserve have been discussed. There are 5 types of age structure, the minimum live ages of bamboo whips and culms are different within different types of age structure. The general trend of this population will be flowering and death.The laws of the age structure of Fargesia dracocephala stable population; The 1-4 year old culm numbers account for 70% of the total culms, and each age culm numbers of 1-4 year old account for 16-20% of the total culms.The obvious factor resulting in the dynamic change in the age structure of Fargesia dracocephala population in the Baishuijiang Nature Reserve is itself.

The resource state, ecological conditions and community features of Hippophae have been investigated in Qilian Mountain area, an area of most concentratire distribution for it from 1981. The results show that H. thibetana is mainly distributed on the river overflowed beach and the slope of the mountain, where the climate is mostly cold temperate-humid. The vertical distribution range is between 2800-3560m with a coverage of 30-85%. Average height of Hippophae plant is 23-92cm, the highest one found there is 120cm, which is higher than (80-100cm) recorded in literatures of systematic Hippophae. H.neurocarpa S.W. Liu et T.N.He is concentratively distributed on the river overflowed beach and the edge of diluvial fan, where the climate is cold temperate microhumid. The vertical distribution range is between 2800-3780m, most of the coverages 70%, averag hight 58-282cm. The soils growing the 2 species of Hippophae are mainly thin layer sandy gravel or thin layer gravel scrubby meadow soil. Over 120 species of plants growing with them belong to 31 families and 91 genera, among which only 18 species are bushes, the others are herbs, no any arbors. The 2 species of Hippophae, especially H.neurocarpa play an important role in the improvement of natural landscape and ecological environment, and in the prevention from erosion of the river bank and gully.

In 1985-1989 the author collected about a thousand of spider specimens from bamboo forest of Mogan Mountain in Zhejiang Province. A tatol of 105 species belonging to 26 families, 74 genera were identified, in which the anyphaenidae is the first record from China. Stratification of the spiders in bamboo forest shows remarkable differences.All the spiders control to a certain extent pests such as bug(Hippota dorsalis), aphid, mosquito, fly, etc. The number of spiders and their species are higher in bamboo-tree mixed forest than those in pure bamboo forest.

This paper studies the genetic variation of wood qualitios among I-69 (Populus deltoides Bartr. cl. "Lux" (I-69/55) )and 14 clones of Hybridization combination No. 34-I-69×I-63 (P. deltoides Bartr. cl. "Harvard" (I-63/51)) . Increment cores with diameter of 0.5cm, from eastern direction at DBH, were collected from one single tree for each of 15 clones from each of three blocks.The Results showed that the difference of specific gravity among clones was signicant at 5% of probadility level. The specific gravity of I-69 is significantly higher than that of any clone in combination No.34.However,no significant difference was found among 15 clones for fiber length, fiber width and fiber length/width ratio. The estimated value of broad-sesnse heritability (h²) for specific gravity, fiber length, fiber width and fiber length/width ratio, were 0.7, 0.12, 0.33 and 0.15, respectively. In addition, no significant correlation was found between the growth traits and wood qualitios. It is possible for some fast-growing clones to have good wood qualitios.

The components and contents of essential oil of Picea asperata Mast. were examined by GC-MS-COM. and GC-IR-COM. 38 components have been identified, including 11 monoterpenes, 7 sequiterpenes and 15 oxygenated compounds. Main components are β-pinene, camphene, camphor, borneol, bornyl acetate.