The effects of canopy interception on nutrient cycling in the Chinese Fir plantation ecosystem was studied based on the 4 years located research data. The results indicated that the average amount of precipitation by canopy interception was 267.0 mm·a^-1 , which did not arrive onto the stand, but took part in the water cycle and nutrient cycle in the ecosystem; and the canopy interception was an important part of evapotranspiration from the Chinese Fir plantation ecosystem, which was up to 27.2 percent of the whole evapotranspiration. The evaporation from the canopy interception was an important way of drainage from the ecosystem, which was 18.97 percent of the whole amount of drainage from the watershed; The flush-eluviate of branches and leaves caused by canopy interception brought nutrient input of 143.629 kg·hm^-2a^-1, which was 74.905 kg·hm^-2a^-1 more than the input of 63.924 kg·hm^-2a^-1 from the atmospheric precipitation and was 117.2% of the latter. The decreased amount of 80.1 mm precipitation input caused by canopy interception reduced the amount of rainfall onto the stand surface and infiltration into the soil, and reduced the output with of runoff and drainage, and decreased nutrient loss through with output water. Therefore, the additional preserve of nutrient by canopy interception was 8.664 kg·hm^-2a^-1.

Based on destructive measurements, box-counting dimensions of branching patterns and fractal dimension of the crown of Populus×xiaozhuanica were estimated. Branching orientation were uniform distribution and branching angle were normal distribution. Fractal dimensions of Populus×xiaozhuanica branching patterns were between 1.510～1.733. The highest correlation coefficients were found between biomass of organs and diameter-at-breast-height (DHB) and height using models W=a(D²_1.3H)^b. The two-surface method allows one to calculate fractal dimension from the regression of foliage area (mass) on the area (or volume) of the crown. Fractal dimensions of tree crown calculated by foliage mass and crown volume were 2.065～2.765. In defoliation period fractal dimensions of tree crown were 2.003～2.464, which were calculated by biomass of branch and crown volume. This paper investigated the relationship between the fractal dimension of crown and foliage mass and crown volume. The results show that when the foliage mass is small, fractal dimensions of tree crown increase significantly with the increase of foliage mass, this influence becomes weak until foliage mass increasing to a certain value. There is a certain foliage mass for each different volume to maintain its surface area, there also exists an optimum value, after which the fractal dimension will not change with the increase of foliage mass.

Throughfall,canopy interception and stemflow in Pinus massoniana forest were studied. The results showed:During the most rainfall period from May to August,the ratios of throughfall,canopy interception and stemflow accounted for total amount rainfall were more than half. The rainfall redistribution of P.massoniana was closely related with precipitation characteristics. The throughfall,interception and stemflow of P.massoniana positively related with precipitation amount. Under different rainfall intensity events,the ratios of throughfall and stemflow increased,but interception rate decreased as rainfall intensity increased. All the maximums of throughfall appeared in the ≥90.0 mm rainfall amount and 3.0～4.0 mm·h^-1 rainfall intensity. All the maximums of interception rate appeared in the <10.0 mm rainfall amount and <1.0 mm·h^-1 intensity. All the maximums of stemflow rate appeared in the 60.0～70.0 mm rainfall amount and 2.0～3.0 mm·h^-1 rainfall intensity. Throughfall rate below the canopy had clearly spatial variation and throughfall rate at positions closest to the trees was higher than those under the peripheral part. Spatial variation of throughfall rate below the canopy (I.e., the CV of throughfall ratio) decreased with increasing rainfall. The stemflow of P.massoniana was positively correlated with diameter at breast height and crown area.

Many studies have shown multiple confounding factors influencing soil respiration in the field, which often hampers a correct separation and interpretation of effects of soil temperature and soil water content on respiration. Undisturbed soil cores in the 0～20 cm upper depth were taken from a natural Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata stand in the transitional area of northern subtropics to warm temperate zone, and incubated under five gradients of soil temperatures(15、20、25、30、35 ℃)and soil water contents(0.20、0.25、0.30、0.35、0.40 kg·kg^-1 ). The soil respiration rates were measured when the soil temperatures and water contents met the experiment requests. Results indicate that there are significant effects of soil temperature, water content and their interaction on soil respiration rate(P<0.01). The soil respiration rate is positively correlated to soil temperature at 15～35 ℃, and the variation pattern of soil respiration rate with soil water content increase is unimodal curve, increasing at 0.20～0.35 kg·kg^-1 then decreasing at 0.35～0.40 kg·kg^-1. The highest soil respiration rate is under the condition of soil temperature at 35 ℃and soil water content at 0.35 kg·kg^-1 .The calculated Q₁₀ value based on soil temperature is 1.36～3.10(mean is 2.13), and decreases with soil temperature increase, the variation pattern of Q₁₀ with soil water content increase is same as soil respiration rate. The regression models indicate that the relationship between soil respiration rate and soil temperature is significant exponential function(P<0.01) and the relationship between soil respiration and water content is quadratic function, soil temperature and soil water content can explain 73.26 and 21.85 percent of variation in soil respiration rate respectively, they can together explain 86.40 percent of variations, the effect of soil temperature on soil respiration rate is greater than soil water content.

The reproductive cycle and temporal characteristics of flower development for the female and male inflorescences of 20 to 30-year-old Betula platyphylla in northeastern China were studied. Results showed that female inflorescence occurs in the middle and last ten days of April, beginning to be pollinated several days later and lasting about one week. Megasporocyte begins the meiosis at the middle ten days of May, and comes into being megaspores at 3～4 days later. Then functional megaspore continues to develop, mature embryo sac forms at the late May and begins to fertilize, embryogenesis begins at the early June, and a seed ripens at the middle and last ten days of August. Male inflorescence is formed at the late May, which is later about one month than female inflorescence. Microsporocyte begins the meiosis at the middle ten days of July, and ends at the middle ten days of August, lasting about one month. The development of male gametophyte in B. platyphylla is obviously different from that of female gametophyte. The flowers don’t form the mature male gametophyte at this year, overwintering in male inflorescence with monocaryon microspore, and develop to maturation until the middle ten days of April at the next year, forming the mature pollen with 2～3 nucleus, and then disseminating pollen. The pollen pollinating female flowers comes from the overwintering male flowers at the previous year. The temporal characteristics table of reproductive cycles of female and male flowers of northeastern B. platyphylla was established, and the temporal characteristics of female and male flowers in B. platyphylla were discussed.

In vitro selection of heat-tolerant clonal lines in Senecio cruentus was studied using tussock plantlets and callus as materials and high temperature and HYP as direct and indirect selection stress respectively. The results showed that : 1) 40 ℃ 16～20 h and 30 mmol·L^-1 HYP were proper direct and indirect selection stress pressure respectively. 2) One clonal line Z_1-1-1 were obtained through high temperature stress selection, and the regenerated plants of Z_1-1-1 were more tolerant to high temperature than their explants source genotype(Z₁). 3)After transplanted for 30 d, the regenerated plants of Z_1-1-1 were different significantly from their explants source genotype(Z₁) in the thickness of leaves, the thickness ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue(TPT/TST) and the stomatal index. After artificial pollination,the fruit bearing percentage of adult plant of Z_1-1-1 was only 1.0% , and Z₁’s was over 85%. 4) After heat stress(40 ℃ 24 h),the heat injury index, content of MDA and electrolyte leakage(IL)of the regenerated plants of Z_1-1-1 were lower than those of explants source genotype(Z₁), but the POD、SOD activity was higher than that of Z₁.

The experiment of controlling irrigation on one-year-old seedlings and 18-year-old adult trees of Juglans regia `Xiluo 3' cultivated in pot and field respectively was conducted. Conclusions were as follows: 1) The stomatal exposure of the leaf, thickness ratio of palisade to mesophyll tissue, the thickness of leaf, the thickness of primary vein of trees increases with soil moisture, the stomatal density of lower epidermis and the density of epidermal cell decreases with soil moisture. 2) April, May and June are the key periods of water supplying, in this time the requirement of water is more than any other times for walnut tree. The requirement of water decreases gradually and the competence of drought tolerance improves continuously with the course of walnut growth. 3) The leaf water potential rises gradually from 8:00 to 14:00, then reaches the tiptop of a day, and it falls from 14:00 to 18:00.At the side of season, the water potential is continuously decreasing from May to October. 4) The content of chlorophyll of walnut leaves increases with the course of growth. The biggest increment is in April during one year. The content of chlorophyll increases with soil moisture, the biggest increment is 0.05 mg·dm^-2 . 5) In growing season, increasing soil moisture can promote the growth of the base diameter and height of young trees, and spring and autumn shoots of adult walnut tree, can raise the single fruit mass and the individual tree production, and decrease the fallen fruit. The increment of base diameter and tree height, and basal diameter and length of spring shoot of walnut are increased with soil moisture. 6) In arid and semiarid area of loess plateau, between April 1st and June 20th, maintaining 130～160 g·kg^-1 of the soil moisture can satisfy normal development of anatomic structure and growth of young tree. Between June 21st and October 31st, scarcely irrigation or no irrigation is good for the growth of spring shoot of walnut tree, the promotion of changing from growth to fruitage, and the realization of early fruiting and fertility and high quality.

Photosynthesis of differently directional leaves in Ping-ou 110 and Ping-ou 349 and its influencing factors were studied and analyzed. The results indicated that diurnal variation of net photosynthesis rate (P_n) of southern and northern leaf were two-peak curve. That of western leaf was single peak curve, and the peak appeared at 7:00—8:00 in the morning, but diurnal variation in net photosynthesis rate of eastern leaf was relatively steady, did not appear apparent peak. Pn changes of differently directional leaves at noon primarily were contributed to limitation of non stomatal factor; There were some difference in average net photosynthesis rate and assimilating CO₂ capacity of differently directional leaves, the highest was southern leaf, next was western and northern leaf, the lowest was eastern leaf; light saturation points of Ping-ou 110 and Ping-ou 349 were 691～724 μmol m^-2 s^-1 and 464～505 μmol m^-2 s^-1, light compensation points were 10～26 μmol m^-2 s^-1 and 8～21 μmol m^-2 s^-1, respectively, they were lower than those of common deciduous fruit trees; vapor pressure deficiency (VPD) and photo fluid density (PFD) were dominantly influencing factors of net photosynthesis rate as shown multiple stepwise regression analyses.

Effect of different treatments of Alnus cremastogyne clones on Buds of Browse was studied. The results showed that the total buds of browse of different clones were mainly determined to theirs age, planting density and characteristics, and had close relationship to theirs seedling height, pruning density and fertilization. For establishing cutting orchard of A.cremastogyne clones, the suitable planting intensity and seedling height should be 1 m×2 m and 90 cm, respectively. The pruning intensity should be light or medium-level short cutting, and fertilization management should be strengthened too. Such methods mentioned above would not only increase the total buds of browse, also enlarge theirs tree crowns and boost tree growth status to guarantee the high and stable yield of the cutting orchard of A. cremastogyne clones.

The application of principal component transformation and Bayesian regularization back propagation (BP)neural network in forest volume estimate was introduced through a specific sample in this paper. The difference of forest volume estimate between general back propagation neural network and Bayesian regularization back propagation neural network was compared and the efficiency of estimating forest volume by the means of using original data and transformed data set to establish emulating model was discussed. All the results showed that Bayesian regularization back propagation neural network was more accurate than general BP neural network in estimating forest volume and using transformed data set stemmed from principal component analysis to establish simulating model is more efficient than using original data.

Loads and their spatial distribution of forest fuels are basic information for forest fire management. The major method currently used for obtaining the information is by means of remote sensing imagery. The state of art of estimating forest fuel loads by remote sensing imagery was reviewed here. The methods were grouped into two classes at first: direct ones and indirect ones. The direct ones were classified into two categories: the clustering method, and the discriminant method and the indirect ones into three categories: the simple vegetation feature method, the stand modeling method and the multifactor constraint method. Advantages and disadvantages of the methods were evaluated. And it was pointed out that accuracies of the methods were still relatively low as a whole. Three sources of errors were explored: 1)From interpretation of middle variables from remote sensing images; 2)From the step of estimating load from middle variables; 3)From the use of fuel models. Based on the above analysis, three ways possible improving accuracies of current methods were proposed: 1)Using new imageries such as higher spatial resolution images, radar images or mixed images; 2)Choosing other more suitable middle variables and stand models; 3)Using successive variables for fuel description.

The paper studied the influence of biological stresses including poplar canker and pine wood nematode on the electrical indexes of trees. The results showed that the activity of peroxidase (POD) increased and then decreased, activity of polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and tree stem impedance increased gradually, tree stem capacitance and unit capacitance decreased after Populus tomentosa cuttings was infected with Botryosphaeria dothidea. The statistical difference of activity of POD was showed earlier than tree stem capacitance, while the difference of tree stem capacitance was showed earlier than activity of PPO. Tree stem capacitance and unit capacitance had significant positive correlation with the ratio of wilt needles to all needles. The accuracy rate could reach 89.26% when 0.5 Nf threshold of tree capacitance was used to estimate whether the Pinus massoniana was infected with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.

The two-month old Ostryopsis davidiana seedlings was inoculated with 5 different ectomycorrhizal fungus(EMF) (6 strains).The infection rate of every treatment is more than 40.8% after 4 months cultivating. The results of measuring biomass,membrane permeability,activity of SOD,MDA,Chlorophyll, etc. indicated: Pisolithus tinctorius and Cenococcum geophilum increased their drought resistance and deferred the wilting time and the critical dead time by increasing their water potential,activity of SOD,root top ratio, reducing the MDA and lightening the damage level of membrane; Suillus grevillei and Suillus granulatus increased their drought resistance by increasing their proline,the activity of SOD and reducing the MDA; Paxillus involutus increased their drought resistance by manifold mechanisms that accelerating the growth,augmenting the root top ratio,increasing the proline and the activity of SOD,reducing the MDA and lightening the damage level of membrane.

The study investigated and analyzed the forest insect pests in forest regions in Daxing'anling, Heihe,Yichun and Mudanjiang in Heilongjiang Province of recent 5 years. The result shows that the dominating insect pests in the burned forests in Daxing'anling and Heihe regions are Anoplophora spp. And Ips spp.,the species of leaf eating insect pests are increasing in Yichun region, but harm slightly. Dendrolimus superans occurs badly in Mudanjiang region. Trunk worms happen badly in the burned forests, and there is positive relativity between burning intensity and insect pests occurring quantity. Trunk fumed height is an important factor that affects pests happening quantity. The linear relation between happening quantity of Anoplophora spp. And Ips spp. And trunk fumed height is obvious, the educed unitary linear regress equation makes sense. The relativity between insect pest happening quantity in Larix gmelinii, Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica, Betula platyphylla and trunk fumed height is strong, especially in the L. gmelinii, P. sylvestris var. mongolica.

The present paper investigated and analyzed species and quantities of the birds utilizing plants as total or part of their foods and the bird_feed trees at 21 separating green belts of Beijing urban area during the period between July 2003 and September 2004. Totally 52 birds eating seeds or fruits of plants and 48 bird-feed trees were recorded, and they accounted for 40.63% of birds habitated and 54% of the total trees appeared in the green belts, respectively. Based on the investigation and the analysis, problems existing in afforestation of Beijing urban area were discussed and measures of attracting urban birds through selections and arrangements of tree species were proposed. Therefore, results of the studies would provide theoretical bases for the ecological city constructions of Beijing.

Clear lacquer is playing an important role in improving visual decorative effect of woodworks, and prolonging the endurance to environment, so the quantitative measurement of lacquer effect on wood surface vision is important. It painted five wood species with polyurethane lacquer, and measured the changes of wood surface vision by nine chromatic and textural parameters: hue, saturation, illuminance, contrast ratio, angular second moment, sum of variances, long-runth emphasis, fractal dimension, horizontal energy percentage of wavelet, and the results showed that clear lacquer could totally strengthen the visual effect of wood surface, but the influence degree for different textural types were different. For originally clear and apparent texture species, the being affected extent were intensified, but not remarkable; for originally either weak or textureless species, the being affected extents by clear lacquer were comparatively intensified, and remarkable. On base of t test, saturation, illuminance and sum of variances were selected as primary parameters to indicate the effect of clear lacquer on wood textural vision.

Smoke is the general term of the substance threw off from a burning material, the mixture of tiny solid particles, tiny fluid drops and gaseous compounds. In this paper, a controlled-atmosphere cone calorimeter was used to investigate the smoking property of wood (Tilia amurensis) treated with fire-retardant monoammonium phosphate(MAP) and the untreated for comparison. The samples were tested at a heat flux of 50 kW·m^-2 and controlled atmosphere of oxygen concentration 15%～21%. The releasing of dense smoke and poisonous gases (mainly carbon monoxide) of the sample burnt under different oxygen concentration were summarized by comprehensive analysis of the smoke related parameters such as rate of smoke release(RSR), total smoke release(TSR), specific extinction area(SEA), carbon monoxide production rate (P_CO) and yield of carbon monoxide (Y_CO). The results indicated that the dense smoke release (RSR, TSR and SEA) was much higher in flaming than in after-glowing. When oxygen concentration was about 16%, the smoke release(RSR、TSR and SEA) of MAP treated wood was similar to the untreated. When the wood specimens burned in the same oxygen concentration, MAP treated wood gave a lower dense smoke release (RSR、TSR and SEA) than the untreated if the oxygen concentration was higher than 16%. On the contrary, if the oxygen concentration was lower than 16%, the smoke release(RSR、TSR and SEA) of MAP treated wood was higher than the untreated. In the experimental oxygen concentration range, the CO release (P_CO and Y_CO) of MAP treated wood was higher than the untreated wood. With the increase of oxygen concentration, the smoke release (RSR, TSR and SEA) and CO release (P_COand Y_CO) of MAP treated wood decreased; the smoke release (RSR、TSR and SEA) and CO production rate (P_CO ) of the untreated wood increased due to the oxygen shortage of the system caused by the violent combustion, while CO yield (Y_CO) decreased because of comparatively more complete combustion at certain weight loss of the wood. It was concluded that the smoke release including CO formation of burning MAP treated wood tend to increase with the decrease of oxygen concentration in the air.

On the base of a study by author, a new kind of environmental compound modifying agent was studied which was a solution consisting of the ACQ preservative and friendly UF. Impregnated by the vacuum, pine thinning wood could be preservative and reinforced. Mechanism and effect of compound modification were studied more intensively. When the soaked wood was carried on superficial densely processing with the compression ratio 20%, all indexs above mentioned increased above 51% compared to the control samples. The soaking material and the ACQ soaking material were respectively carried on boil the anti-draining contrast experiment and the anti-water, the acid, the alkali extracts, indicated which its processing material had the enhancement compare with alone the soaking ACQ processing material. With tracing on the cupric ion by the X_ray fluorescence spectroscope, content and the distribution of compound modifier was determined cupric ion tracing method might serve for the on-line examination of the production process.

A new type of wood_plastic composite (NF-WPC) was prepared by one-step extrusion of needle-shaped wood-fiber and high density polyethylene (HDPE) using a twin-screw/single-screw extruder system. Orthogonal experiment was adopted to statistically analyze the influence of the dimension of the needle-shaped aspen wood fiber, the percentage of the fiber, the percentage of coupling agent maleic anhydride grated polyethylene (MAPE) and the percentage of the lubricant paraffin on the mechanical properties of NF-WPC, and was compared with wood-flour/HDPE composite prepared by the same process. The results showed that the influence of the percentage of the needle-shaped fiber on the impact strength of NF-WPC was significant, while much more significant on the bending and tensile properties. The percentage of MAPE influenced significantly to the tensile strength and toughness of NF-WPC. In the conditions of this paper the dimension of wood fiber and the percentage of lubricant paraffin had a minor influence on the mechanical properties of NF-WPC. The optimized formula was that fiber length was 3～4 mm, ratio of length to diameter was 8～11, fiber percentage was 60%, MAPE percentage was 4%, paraffin percentage was 0.3%. The mechanical properties of the NF-WPC prepared according to the optimized formula were as follows: flexural strength 58.7 Mpa, flexural modulus 3.0 Gpa, tensile strength 39.6 Mpa, tensile modulus 4.0 Gpa and impact strength 12.7 kJ·m^-2 respectively. Compared to the wood-flour/HDPE composite prepared by the same process, the mechanical properties of the NF_WPC prepared according to the optimized formula were better except the impact strength which was a little lower.

This paper studied the process of preparing nano-sized TiO₂ slurry and manufacture of surface decorated wood-based panels which added nano-sized TiO₂ slurry as antimicrobial agent. The antimicrobial activity and mechanical properties of the panels were measured. The results showed that the good dispersity and store stability of the nano-sized TiO₂ slurry preparing in high speed mixing were observed by TEM when polyacrylamide as the dispersant, polyglycol and polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether as the wetting agent, polyvinyl pyrrolidone as the stabilizator. The compatibility was good between the nano-sized TiO₂ slurry and the MF resin, and the bond ability of the adhesive was not affected by the slurry. MF adhesive impregnated paper and veneer with nano-sized TiO₂ had an obvious antimicrobial effect. The surface decorated wood-based panels had good restrain microbe effect when the TiO₂ was 1% in MF resin. They had obvious antimicrobial effect on staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

The investment decision-making of the commodity forest management was determined by the trade off between the rate of return and the risk on the investment. This paper calculated the rate of return and the risk on the investment of the commodity forest management, and analysed the effects of forestry policies and other factors on the rate of return and the risk on the investment, further analysed the effects of the decision-making behavior on the investment of the commodity forest management. It was realized in the analysis that the recent condition didn't change the situation of low rate of return and high risk, and didn't have enough encourage on the investment of the commodity forest management.

Ma Kehe forest region is one of the core areas in San Jiangyuan National Nature Reserve. A large number of shrub species distribute in the cold temperate coniferous forest, which have important influence on the succession and restoration of the cold temperate coniferous forest. A series of techniques including relative tests and calculation of the percentage of co-occurrence were used to analyze the interspecific association among 20 dominant shrub species in 40 plots in Ma Kehe forest region of San Jiangyuan National Nature Reserve. The results showed that most of interspecific association of dominant shrub species was significantly negative. Only 69 species pairs were of positive correlation among 190 dominant shrub species pairs, 113 species pairs were of negative correlation, 8 species pairs were of absolute independent correlation. So, only a few dominant shrub species had positive interspecific association, most of them had little opportunity to use the same resources and occupy similar niche in the same community due to their competitions in Ma Kehe forest region.

Maturing seeds were collected from fifty-year-old trees of Fraxinus mandshurica. The cotyledon and hypocotyl zygotic embryos were excised and cultured on 1/2MS media to induce somatic embryos. In cytological study of embryo development, by the way of paraffin, somatic and zygotic embryogenesis was observed and compared under light microscope. The results showed that somatic embryos from zygotic cotyledons originated directly from single epidermis cell. The somatic embryos that indirectly occurred on the embryogenic callus came from its singular surface cell or internal multi_cells. There was an obvious cytological difference between embryogenic and non-embryogenic callus. Somatic and zygotic embryogenesis underwent the similar course, passing through proembryo, heart, torpedo and cotyledonary stages. The important differences in morphogenetic process exited as following: volume of somatic embryos was smaller than its partner at the same development stage; somatic embryos had no obvious suspensors; somatic embryos showed morphologic variations.

A procedure was studied on cryopreservation of Photinia serrulata shoot-tips in vitro by vitrification. The excised shoot-tips which were cultured for 30 d, 1.5～2.0 mm long, were loaded with 60% PVS₂ for 40 min at room temperature in effendoff tube, then were exposed to PVS₂ at 0 ℃ for 50 min. Followed by changing the solution with fresh PVS₂, the tubes were immersed into LN₂ directly. After 24 h storage, the effendoff tubes were rapidly thawed in the water bath at 40 ℃, the shoot-tips were washed twice with 1.2 mol·L^{-1 sucrose solution for 10 min and transferred onto MS medium supplemented with 6-BA 2.0 mg·mL-1. The cultures were kept in dark for one week prior to exposure to the light. Survival rate of shoot-tips was 93.33% by TTC examination, and regeneration rate reached 41.67%.}

The effects of temperature and moisture content on physiological and biochemical characteristics of Chinese Fir and Masson Pine seeds were investigated during a year storage period. The investigating indexes are germination percentage, the relative electrical conductivity, SOD and POD activity as well as MDA content. The results showed that 1) the germination percentage of both Chinese Fir and Masson Pine seeds were found to reduce over the storage duration when stored in different temperature and moisture content regime. But there are significant difference in the extent of reduction among different temperature and moisture content regime. The best storage condition for Chinese Fir seeds is in the temperature of -30 ℃ or -18 ℃ with the moisture content of 4%, and the best storage condition for Masson Pine seeds is in the temperature of 3 ℃ and -18 ℃ with moisture content of 4%. 2) The relative electrical conductivity, SOD and POD activity as well as MDA content of both Chinese Fir and Masson Pine seeds were changed slowly while stored in low temperature and low moisture content. When the storage temperature and moisture content were increased, however, the relative electrical conductivity and MDA content gradually increased and SOD and POD activity showed a tendency of reduction. 3) When stored in -30 ℃ for 360 days, the seed of Chinese Fir with a moisture content of 4% has the smallest deteriorative rate whereas -18 ℃ is the case of Masson Pine seeds with the same moisture content.

Thirty poplar clones of either domestic or foreign origin in Aigeiros section were introduced for regional planting test contrasting with I-69 (Populus deltoides ‘Lux’). Twelve experimental plots were planted separately in southwest, south, east, and northwest regions within Shandong Province. Combined variance analysis of multiple experimental sites showed that there were significant differences within sites and clones. The interaction between clone and environment was significant in the southwest region of Shandong Province, while those weren't in other regions. With a analysis of multiple contrast (Duncan's method), effective value of clone (C_I), coefficient of variation for interaction effect variance (_ICV) and regression coefficient (b_I), some superior clones with the characteristics of fast growth rate, higher genetic stability and growth adaptability, were screened out for each poplar cultivation region in Shandong Province.

In soil environment of eucalyptus plantation, the differences of stylosanthes's seed germination was significant when the density of Eucalyptus leaves soaking solution was 50%(patching 1 kg fresh Eucalyptus's leaves, soaking with 1 000 mL water 24 h); But when the solution density were form 1%～40%, the differences were not significant; Seed germination and seedling growth were not negative affected by different weights of Eucalyptus's or Eupatorium odoratum's leaves which patched by knife and covered with earth, while seedling growth of Stylosanthes guianensis was improved. Besides, seed germination could be improved after scarifying, and seed germination percentage after scarifying was higher 64% than no scarifying. In wild conditions, seed germination was also affected obviously by watering quantity, seed germination occurred when watering quantity was higher than 500 mL·m^-2d^-1, and the highest seed germination percentage of 100% occurred when watering quantity was 2 000 mL·m^-2d^-1; On the contrary, no seed germination occurred in controls and when watering quantity was lower than 500 mL·m^-2d^-1. In room conditions, the differences of seed germination percentage with different watering quantity were significant, while differences of seed germination percentage in different eucalyptus plantation soils were not significant.