Main water source of Haloxylon ammodendron was examined in six different ages (2, 5, 10, 20,and 30 years) of plantations in desert and the ecotone between oasis and desert at southeast edge of Badain Jaran Desert by the stable oxygen isotope technique in autumn (september) 2009. Meanwhile, soil water content was also measured in six different depths (20 cm, 30 cm, 50 cm, 100 cm, 150 cm and 200 cm). The results showed that soil water content in 20-30 cm was significantly higher than 150-200 cm in the all plantations. Soil water in shallow depths was supplied by natural rainfall in late summer and early autumn. With plantation age increased form 2-year-old to 20-year-old, H. ammodendron used more ratio of groundwater and less ratio of shallow layer soil water. Two-year-old H. ammodendron in turn mainly used 100 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, 50 cm and 200 cm soil water; 5-year-old H. ammodendron in turn mainly used groundwater, 200 cm, 150 cm, 100 cm and 30 cm soil water; 10-year-old H. ammodendron in turn mainly used groundwater, 200 cm, 150 cm, 30 cm and 20 cm soil water; 20-year-old H. ammodendron in turn mainly used groundwater, 200 cm and 150 cm soil water; however, 30-year-old H. ammodendron in turn mainly used 50 cm, 100 cm, 150 cm, 200 cm, 30 cm and 20 cm soil water. At the southeast edge of Badain Jaran Desert, with the increase of plantation age, H. ammodendron had a declined capacity to make use of shallow soil water which is replenished by rainfall, whereas the utilization on deep soil water and ground water was not enough to meet its water requirement of growth. It might be a reason for the large area degradation of H. ammodendron plantations in the region.

In this study, the soil surface heat flux of Punica granatum-Triticum aestivum intercropping system was calculated based on the measured soil temperature and water content. The results indicated that soil heat flux estimated from the soil temperature and water content well agreed to that measured with the heat flux plate. The soil heat storage is an important component of soil surface heat flux. If the measured heat fluxes at some layer below the soil surface is taken as the soil surface heat flux and the soil heat storage is ignored, large errors was introduced. The calculated soil surface heat flux at different points in the Punica granatum-Triticum aestivum intercropping system showed that there was significant spatial variation. Similar heat flux results were found at the two points between the megranate rows, and the values significantly less than that at the bare-soil.

This paper estimated the carbon sink and potential of forest management activities in China using the gross-net and net-net estimation method. The results showed that if the base year is set to 1990, the carbon sink of forest management in 2010, 2020, 2030, 2040 and 2050 is 58.7, 57.8, 58.4, 62.7 and 67.2 MtC·a^-1, respectively, under the gross-net, and is 14.9, 17.5, 20.1, 26.0 and 31.7 MtC·a^-1, respectively, under the net-net. If the base year is 2000, the carbon sink of forest management in 2010, 2020, 2030, 2040 and 2050 is 73.5, 72.1, 72.8, 78.1 and 83.6 MtC·a^-1, respectively, under the gross-net, and is 2.0, 5.7, 9.3, 16.8 and 24.2 MtC·a^-1, respectively, under the net-net. The carbon sink change trend of forest management is the same under the gross-net and net-net with the same base year, and the carbon sink amount is bigger under the gross-net than that under the net-net.

The soil pollution situations by heavy metals in various green space functional regions and their enrichment characteristics in seven plant species, including Salix matsudana, were investigated and comprehensively evaluated by means of field survey and laboratory experiment analysis. The results showed that the pollution degree of Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb in Harbin was different. Of the four kind heavy metals, Cd contamination was the heaviest and reached the severe pollution degree. The main source of soil heavy metal pollution in Harbin was derived from waste containing Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb discharged in industrial areas, automotive emission and the tire abrasion. The pollution level of green space functional regions gradually decreased in the following order: industrial zone, traffic areas, Songhua River area, urban park area, farm land, forest and nursery land. Among the main urban greening tree species in Harbin, Populus simonii enriched more Zn, Cu and Cd than the other tree species, therefore, P. simonii could be selected as an important species to repair heavy metal pollution soil. The other tree species, such as Pinus koraiensis, S. matsudana and Pyrus ussuriensis, also enriched to some less degree the three heavy metals and thus could be selected as alternative ones for restore the contaminated environment.

To reveal suitable ecological zones and habitat characteristics about the growth of Potentilla glabra and to provide evidences for developing fully and protecting reasonably wild medical P. glabra resource we investigated and determined the major climatic factors that affect P. glabra production. P. glabra leaves collected from different sample plots were used for measuring the tannin, total flavonoids content and antioxidant activity. The response surface method was applied to optimize the extraction process of tannin and total flavonoids from P. glabra leaves with one-factor experimental design. The tannin content was determined with sodium tungstate-phosphomolybdic acid approach, the content of total flavonoids was determined with NaNO₂-Al(NO₃)₃ approach, and the antioxidant activity was determined with the DPPH· method. The relationship between variation in the parameters in six different sampling sites and the corresponding major climatic factors was analyzed with gray correlation degree analysis. The result showed that the quality of P. glabra was significantly different in terms of the parameters among the six different regions. Tannin content ranged from 4.95% to 7.74%, total flavonoids content ranged from 1.07% to 3.56%. P. glabra from Huzhu region had the highest tannins and flavonoids product, respectively 7.74% and 3.56%, while P. glabra in Helan mountains had the strongest antioxidant activity and the value of DPPH_IC50 was 6.9 μg·mL^-1; Grey correlation degrees analysis indicated that the annual extreme minimum temperature, frost free periods and the annual extreme maximum temperature were the main climatic factors affecting tannin content; Annual sunshine, the annual extreme minimum temperature and annual accumulated temperature were the major climatic factors influencing total flavonoids content, and annual sunshine, annual mean rainfall and the annual extreme minimum temperature were the major factors for regulating antioxidant activity.

In this study, we used a space series in place of time series approach to investigate species diversity of fire chronosequence(1-, 5-, 10-, 15-year) in Quercus spp. community in Baotianman National Nature Reserve, a warm-temperate area, north China. The results indicated that the plant species diversity of these communities was high. At different series stage after fire, the Shannon-Wiener and Simpson indexes increased at early stage and then declined. Meanwhile, the Pielou index of tree layer did not signicantly changes, but that of shrub and seedling layer increased at first and then declined, and that of grass layer showed a higher- lower- higher fluctuation. There was no significant difference of diversity indexes among all layers, except the Pielou index which was significantly different between tree and grass layer or grass and seedling layer, and extremely significantly different between tree and shrub layer. The species of shrub and grass layer changed much in 10 years after fire, but the seedling maintained prevalence at different series stage. In the shrub and grass species, heliophyte species mainly emerged in early stage while cheliophytes ones, mainly in late stage.

In this paper, effect of Sonneratia caseolaris-S. apetala mangrove ecosystems on wave absorption was studied by monitoring the wave height, flow rate and weather conditions for one year (November, 2007-November, 2008). We analyzed the impact of weather conditions to wave-prevention effect of the mangrove forest, and quantitatively analyzed the wave-prevention effect of mangrove forest through the wave height and flow rate variation. Results showed that: 1) the average wave absorption coefficient of 30 m wide mangrove forest was 0.12, and the largest wave absorption coefficient achieved 0.47. During the storm the average wave absorption coefficient was 0.18, the largest wave absorption coefficient was 0.33, and the wave absorption effect increased by 38%. 2) According to the calculated formula of wave absorption, the wave absorption coefficient of 30 m wide mangrove is 0.58, is much greater than the measured wave absorption coefficient. 3) Under normal condition, the wave absorption effect of Sonneratia-Sonneratia apetala mangrove forests increased as wave height increased. However, when all the trees were inundated, the forest almost lost its wave absorption effect, even wave forest rear was higher than that of the forest front, indicating that forest height had important significance to wave-prevention and revetment benefits of the mangrove forest. 4) On coastal environment of tidal level wavy, different tree species and age forests formed multi-level structure, which improved comprehensive wave absorption and wave-prevention function of mangrove forests.

Mingling has recently been presented as an index describing tree species separation in a stand including simple mingling, tree species diversity mingling, and tree species spatial status. However, current mingling indices incompletely express the separation relationship among tree species in a spatial structure unit, there is a problem of different mixed structure with equal mingling. This paper proposes complete mingling based on analyzing simple mingling, tree species diversity mingling and tree species spatial status, and their existing problems. Comparative analyses of different mingling indices were carried out based an example of the evergreen broadleaved forest in Tianmu Mountain National Nature Reserve and Voronoi diagram method of GIS. The results show that tree species diversity mingling, tree species spatial status and complete mingling are improved from simple mingling, so differences and relationships exist among them, and mathematical relationships between different mingling indices have been testified. Complete mingling additionally involves tree species separation relationship of the nearest neighbors, and biodiversity Simpson index is introduced into complete mingling. As a result, complete mingling significantly increases resolving power for different mixed structures.

Stand mortality is a very important variable for describing the stand characters. Based on the stand mortality data from permanent plots of Larix spp. in Wangqing Forest Farm, Poisson model, negative binomial model, zero-inflated model and Hurdle model were introduced to model the stand mortality stems. And the best model was selected through AIC and Vuong test. Results showed that: Poisson model was not suitable for stand mortality, and negative was superior to the Poisson model. But both of them were not competent for the over-dispersion data of stand mortality. Zero-inflated model and Hurdle model were fitted into the data. Additionally, zero-inflated negative binomial model(ZINB) and Hurdle-NB model outperformed than other models. Furthermore, The Hurdle-NB model was a little better than ZINB model.

Davidia involucrata is an endemic plant species native to Southwest China. The genetic diversity of 11 natural populations of this plant was assessed using inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR) markers. Of the 100 primers screened, 5 primers were generated stable, distinct and highly polymorphic bands. Of 77 total ISSR discernible bands, 74 were polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic bands was 96.10%. At the population level the percent of polymorphic bands ranged from 37.66% to 63.64%, and the average value was 54.07%. The Shannon's information index within species(H_SP) was 0.484 9, while the values within population(H_POP) were from 0.188 6 to 0.327 4 and the mean value was 0.277 4. The result showed there existed high level genetic diversity both at population and species level. Analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA) revealed that among and within population genetic variation accounted for 46.22% and 53.78% of the total genetic variation, respectively. A high degree of genetic differentiation was also found among populations. Population genetic differentiation was significantly positive correlated with geographical distances(r=0.546,P<0.01). These 11 populations were divided into 3 major groups based on the UPGMA cluster analysis. These results would provide a valuable basis for developing conservation strategies.

Siberian apricot(Prunus sibirica), an important ecological and economic tree species endemic to Asia, is widely distributed in the mountain area of North and Northeast of China. To evaluate the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation, 17 populations of Siberian apricot sampled in the core distribution area of the Yan Mountains were investigated by using nine microsatellite markers. A total of 203 alleles were identified in 533 individuals, with a mean of 22.556 alleles per locus. Effective number of alleles per locus (N_e) was 5.714, percentage of polymorphism loci (PPL) was 100%, the mean expected heterozygosity (H_e) was 0.788, suggesting a high genetic diversity in the natural populations of Siberian apricot. The highest genetic diversity was found in Badaling population, the second was Yushulinzi population, while the lowest was found in Yimatu population. The population genetic differentiation (F_ST) was 0.065 and gene flow (N_m) was 3.836. AMOVA analysis showed that genetic variation within the populations accounted for 95.62% of the total. Mantel test revealed that genetic distance were positively correlated (r=0.589 4,P<0.000 1) with geographic distance. The UPGMA cluster analysis showed that neighboring populations clustered into the same clade, which was consistent with results of Mantel test. Based on the present results, sampling strategy of Siberian apricot for further investigation was suggested. The present study provided a scientific basis for the conservation and utilization of Siberian apricot.

This article analyzed the biomass, ash contents, calorific values of dry weight and the deashing dry weight of four 5-year-old locust clones, such as 3-I, Robinia pseudoacacia,‘Yuciyihao’, Hungary tetraploie and common locust (CK) in Shan county, Henan Province. The results showed that the calorific values per dry mass and the deashing dry mass of clones were between 3 750-3 950 and 3 800-4 000 kcal·kg^-1, respectively (the order was: 3-I>CK>R. pseudoacacia 'Yuciyihao’>Hungary tetraploie). The calorific values of the different parts were between 3 800-3 960 and 3 840-4 000 kcal·kg^-1, respectively (the order was: middle portion of stem>branches>upper portion of stem>lower portion of stem). The calorific value of the dry mass and the deashing per the individual plant's branch or trunk were between 10 900-35 000 and 11 000-35 500 kcal·tree^-1 respectively, with the same order as the branch-trunk total biomass, that is, (Robinia pseudoacacia ‘Yuciyihao’>3-I>CK>Hungary tetraploie ). In comprehensive analysis of the caloric value, ash contents and biomass, R. pseudoacacia ‘Yuciyihao’ would be the ideal clone which can be selected for energy cultivation, followed by 3-I, and the middle trunk would be the ideal part for energy, followed by branches.

The paraffin section method was used to observe the process of flower bud differentiation of Camellia azalea. Metabolites in the process and the correlation between flower bud differentiation and its external morphology were studied. The results showed that the flower bud differentiation of C. azalea progressed continuously from May to September, during which the flower buds in different differentiation phases could be observed at anytime point. The process of flower bud differentiation could be divided into six phases: physiological differentiation, flower primordium differentiation, sepal primordium differentiation, petal primordium differentiation, stamen and pistil primordium differentiation phases. The process could be identified by the external morphology according to the stable relations between the differential phases and the corresponding morphological characteristics. The content of soluble protein in the flower bud increased at first and then decreased, and soluble sugar content and the ratio of soluble sugar and soluble protein were opposite during the flower bud differentiation. The changes in RNA and total content of nucleic acid were similar to the change of RNA/DNA, which gradually increased with flower bud differentiation and reached a peak in the phase of petal primordium differentiation, then gradually declined in the phase of stamen and pistil primordium differentiation, while DNA content was low and changed gently in the process of flower bud differentiation.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of acid treatment and exogenous application of calcium to nutrient solution on the functions of antioxidant systems and mitochondria in Malus hupehensis var. pingyiensis roots. The M. hupehensis var. pingyiensis rootstock seedlings were cultured in 1/2 Hoagland nutrient solutions of different pH (3, 4, 5 and 6) and different Ca²⁺ concentrations (10, 20 and 30 mmol·L^-1) with pH 3, respectively. The antioxidant enzyme activities and the characteristics of mitochondria were measured in day 0, 2, 3 and 4. Compared with the control (pH6), the maximum activity of SOD, CAT in the treatments occurred in day 2, and the change of POD activity was different, the maximum activity of POD occurred in day 2 in pH 3 and pH 4, and in day 3 pH 5. Meanwhile, the mitochondrial membrane permeability, potential (Δψ_m) and cytochrome c/a decreased with the increasing of the acidity and the treatment time and the content of H₂O₂ was decreased at first and then increased. The exogenous application of calcium (10 and 20 mmol·L^-1) in the nutrient solution under acid treatment (pH 3) increased the activities of SOD, POD and CAT, relieved the damage of the mitochondrial functions by the acidity and inhibited the accumulation of H₂O₂(the decline, with 10 and 20 mmol·L^-1, was 6.78% and 13.43% of the accumulation caused by the single acid treatment, respectively). The 20 mmol·L^-1 Ca²⁺ had better effect whereas the 30 mmol·L^-1 Ca²⁺ increased the damage and increased the content of H₂O₂ by 8.96%. The above results suggested that the acid treatments would damage the roots of M. hupehensis var. pingyiensis and the exogenous application of dilute calcium in the nutrient solution could relieve the damage of acid treatment to the roots.

The anthracnose disease index (DI) of Chinese fir and the corresponding hyper-spectral remote sensing data of the disease different severity were collected through the field investigation. The correlation between DI and the first derivative data of the canopy spectral was analyzed. Inversion models were built by selecting correlation coefficients higher than 0.7, and their precision was tested. The result showed that there was high correlation between DI and the first derivative data in the regions of 431-485 nm, 549-616 nm and 700-754 nm; and the linear model contained SDy, SDr, SDg/SDb, (SDg-SDb)/(SDg+SDb) and (SDr-SDy)/(SDr+SDy) was the best one, with the RMS (Croot mean square) error ranged from 0.094 to 0.119. This study showed hyper-spectral derivative data could estimate the disease severity of Chinese fir with a high the precision. This study has a high practical application value.

In order to study the insecticidal activity of methoxyfenozide (RH-2485) against the larvae of Lymantria dispar,the pesticide bioactivity of the chemical against the different instar larvae of L. dispar and its effect on the activities of detoxifying enzymes of the insect were assayed using leaf film method, and the expression of proteins in different tissues of the larvae were detected with SDS-PAGE. The results showed that methoxyfenozide had a high toxicity against the larvae,especially 2^nd instar and 3^rd instar, and the toxicity was obviously different with different larva instars. The activities of detoxifying enzymes, such as carboxylesterase (CarE), MFO O-demethylase (MFOD) and glutathione S-transfer (GST), in the 2^nd, 4^th, 6^th instar larvae were significantly induced or inhibited by the methoxyfenozide treatment. The impact of methoxyfenozide on these enzymes was significantly different at different treatment time. After the 4th instar larvae were fed with methoxyfenozide,the protein expression pattern in the hemolymph,midgut and epidermis was different from that in the control. The effect of methoxyfenozide on proteins in the hemolymph and midgut was obvious in 12 h and 24 h, whereas the effect on protein expression in epidermis tissue was more significant in 48 h. These results indicated that methoxyfenozide as a non-steroidal ecdysone had a higher biological activity against L. dispar,and the major detoxifying enzymes in the insect body were significantly interfered,showing that methoxyfenozide had a high toxic effect against L. dispar. The specific proteins were produced in the hemolymph,midgut and epidermal tissue,which might interfere with the normal physiological metabolism of insects and epidermal formation.

The typology, number, morphology and placement of antennal sensilla of click beetle (Melanotus cribricollis Faldermann) were studied using a scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the antennae on both the males and females were composed of the scape, pedicel and nine flagellomeres. There were eight types of antennal sensilla on the antennae of the females, that is, sensilla trichodea (including two subtypes: TⅠand TⅡ), sensilla chaetica, sensilla basiconica (including three subtypes: BⅠ-BⅢ), sensilla knee-bend shaped, sensilla hook-shaped, sensilla screw cap, sensilla campaniformia and Böhm sensilla. The antennae of the male had one more type of grooved pegs besides the above-mentioned eight types. By vital statistics, the most sensilla numbers on the adult antennae in turn belonged to TⅡ, Ch and B, respectively. There were no significant differences in the total number and placement of antennal sensilla (except grooved pegs) on the female and male. The possible functions of the above sensilla types were discussed in light of the morphology, number and distribution of sensilla.

Morphological and ITS PCR-RFLP methods were used to identify East Asian and European types of Bursaphelenchus mucronatus isolated in Ningbo, China from packaging wood imported from different countries. Five traditional restriction endonucleases: Rsa I, Hae Ⅲ, Msp I, Hinf I and Alu I were applied to digest the PCR products of ITS region from single nematode of different isolates. It is first reported that there are 3 different patterns after Rsa I digestion, which may be caused from DNA sequence heterogeneity in ITS region. ITS-RFLP method is an efficient assistant method for Bursaphelenchus identification, and can be used for analyzing intraspecific different geographic types. Morphological characters of B. mucronatus compared with similar species, such as B. xylophilus (including "R" and "M" forms), B. doui and B. fraudulentus, were also discussed.

In this paper,the moso-mechanics method was applied to study the energy absorbing mechanism of the fracture pattern and pulling-out pattern of bamboo fiber during process of bamboo transverse bending fracture. The toughness contributed by the cracking pattern of ground tissue,the layering pattern of interface,the fracture pattern and pulling-out pattern of fiber was calculated actually. The results indicated that: 1) different organization structures contributed different toughness to the evolution of damage because of different energy wastage and among the four main structure factors that lead to the excellent toughness property of bamboo,the pulling-out of fiber contributed most and the fracture of fiber second. 2) the comparison between the test value of the total energy wastage of fracture and the calculated theory value of the total energy wastage of the four damage patterns showed that the two values were very close. It indicated that the physical model founded for the mechanics functions of different organization structures in the process of transverse bending damage was right.

The decomposition reaction and mechanism of abietic acid with the purity 99.32% was tested by thermogravimetric analysis (TG),differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analyzer coupled to a quadrupole mass spectrometer (TG-MS). The thermal decomposition activation energy of abietic acid at 20%(TG), 40%(TG), 60%(TG) were 12.76, 12.96, 11.81 kJ·mol^-1, respectively. The results of TG-MS showed that there are micromolecules, whose m/z are between 40 to 90 when decomposed after 362.2 ℃, which proved that the decomposition process of abietic acid is first off isopropyl, carboxyl, and then open-ring. The fusion heat, heat of gasification, heat capacity of solid state, liquid state and phase change form solid to liquid were 49.3 J·g^-1, 2 096.4 J·g^-1, 1.469 J·g^-1K^-1, 1.163 J·g^-1K^-1 and 4.769 J·g^-1K^-1, respectively.

In order to study scientific and reasonable ecological skidding technology,the control experiment including light-duty cableway and tranditional winding road-cutting methods were implemented in Shaowu Erdu Forestry Farm.The unit cost of cableway skidding is 104.65 yuan·m^-3,which is calculated base on the labour’s hourly fee of 100 yuan and the material quantity of 972 m³ in cutting area of 122-1-3,compared with 148.44 yuan·m^-3 in traditional road-cutting skidding,the cost can be saved about 29.50%.With the increase of labor charges from 80 yuan to 140 yuan per day,the variance of unit cost will rise obviously from 34.47 yuan to 67.03 yuan.Through analysis and comparison between ecological benefits,economic benefits and social benefits,the light-duty cableway skidding method has obvious advantages,which is a ecological harvesting operation mode benefit to resources,environment,economy and social sustainable development.With the increase of labour charges in current,the wide application prospect of light-duty cableway skidding method in timber production technology is prospected.

In recent years, afforestation shifted from land suitable for afforestation to the harsh sites asks for a higher quality of seedlings to overcome the environment stress. It is essential to review the late decade abroad advances in intensive container seedlings culture for applying the techniques to forest restoration in stressful sites in China. This paper summarized current techniques such as exponential fertilization, fall fertilization, subirrigation, short-day treatments and hot-planting, root pruning, container size, as well as cold storage and thawing. Exponential fertilization has been approved to be more effective because fertilizer is raised progressively to match exponential growth and nutrient demand. Fall fertilization, applied in autumn, can avoid growth dilution of nutrients, which has been successfully applied in many tree species. Plants with subirrigation grow at least as well as their cohorts with overhead irrigation, besides, subirrigation needs less water inputs, and less nitrogen leaching. Field performance of a seedling can be improved by stopping shoot growth in summer with the seedling exposed to short-day treatments, by which the root system growth can be enhanced. Freezer storage of conifer seedlings has become a standard operating procedure for many commercial nurseries, because freezing converts all the free water to ice in the storage container, and thus the development of pathogenic fungi is retarded. This paper prospected future study trends on techniques to promote seedling quality.

Wood-plastic composite(WPC) is a novel material bearing excellent properties from both wood and thermoplastic. It is increasingly used in construction, furniture, decoration, transportation and interior of car. In order to reduce the cost and improve the wood texture, the wood content of commercial WPC has reached a level of 40%-60%, even greater than 70%. The high wood content causes a difficulty in extrusion processing of WPC, where the flow of melt is unstable and the surface of extruded WPC exhibits a tear phenomena. In addition, the quality of WPC and the processing efficiency also decrease. Up date, the rheological behavior of highly filled WPC melt is still not fully understood due to lacking of the systematic theoretical basis. When plastic matrix is filled with high content of wood fiber, the interactions of fiber-fiber and fiber-polymer will enhance. In this complex system, dominant factors of rheological behavior include the lignocellulosic material (species, particle size, and content), the molecular structure of the polymer matrix (molecular weight and molecular weight distribution), lubricants, and coupling agents. In this paper we reviewed the previous studies aiming at providing a theoretical and scientific foundation for proper formula design, process control, processing equipment upgrade, and die manufacture of WPC.

In this paper, we studied oil contents of the fruits or seed kernels, fatty acid composition and biodiesel fuel properties of four major potential woody biodiesel plant species (Pistacia chinensis, Xanthoceras sorbifolia, Armeniaca sibirica and Armeniaca mandshurica) in the northern region of China. The evaluated biodiesel fuel properties include the density, kinematic viscosity, cetane number, cold filter plugging point and oxidation stability. The results showed that fruits or seed kernels of the four woody plants had high oil content (35.0%, 58.9%, 50.2% and 47.2%, respectively). The Fatty acid composition of their oils accorded with the ideal biodiesel feedstock standard. The four woody plants had good biodiesel fuel properties, especially the cetane number that was conformed to ASTM D6751 standards (P. chinensis met the specification from the EN 14214 biodiesel standard), and the cold fluidity of A. sibirica and A. mandshurica were excellent (cold filter plugging point of -14℃). In conclusion, the four woody biodiesel plants have been identified as the promising biodiesel feedstock, which result would provide references for the exploitation and utilization of biodiesel plants in the northern region of China.

Biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP) plays an important role as a bridge link in the reaction of Acetyl CoA carboxylase. A full-length cDNA sequence of BCCP gene was obtained from kernel cDNA library of Vernicia fordii, named VfBCCP (GenBank accession No.JQ736807). Sequence analysis indicated that VfBCCP was 1 023 bp in full length with a 5'-untranslated region(5'-UTR) of 82 bp, a 3'-UTR of 182 bp, an opening reading frame(ORF) of 759 bp which encoding 252 predicted amino acids. Furthermore, the genome sequence of BCCP was isolated with 2 157 bp in length which including 5 introns (GenBank accession No.JX171700). The amino acid sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that VfBCCP had the closest phylogenetic relationship with that of Jatropha curcas belonging to Euphorbiaceae and they shared 85.6% homology. The expression profiles of VfBCCP gene were investigated by employing quantitative real-time RT-PCR method. The results showed that the lower transcription levels of VfBCCP was presented at the early stage of α-eleostearic acid biosynthesis in the middle of July, and rapidly increased during the eleostearic acid accumulation in August, then decreased during accumulation completion period at the end of September. The isolation and expression rule investigation could hold the promise of clarifying VfBCCP function in fatty acid biosynthesis.

Five species of Tylenchida nematodes and two species of Dorylaimida nematodes were identified in 54 samples collected in roots and rhizosphere soil of poplar trees from Zhenjiang, Yangzhou, Huaian, Lianyungang, Suzhou and Wuxi city of Jiangsu Province from June to November in 2008. These species included Filenchus orbus, Filenchus vulgaris, Tylenchorhynchus brassicae, Helicotylenchus digitiformis, Scutellonema brachyurus, Xiphinema americanum and Xiphinema hunaniense. Among those nematodes, Filenchus vulgaris was new records in Jiangsu Province, and the poplar tree was new host of Filenchus vulgaris, Tylenchorhynchus brassicae and Xiphinema hunaniense.

‘CAF11’is a new cultivar of Cajanus cajan, bred from endemic pigeonpea cultivars of Yuanjiang, Yunnan province by single plant selection and group selection. Its growth period ranges 260-266 days; Average plant height and ground diameter are (238.1±28.0) cm and (3.90±0.75) cm, respectively; Number of pod per plant is (1 145.0±251.8); Each pod contains (4.9±0.3) beans; 100-seed weight is (8.76±0.49) g; Total seed weight per plant is up to (230.59±73.38) g.