Content of Frontier & focus: Cultivation physiology and fruit quality of Lycium barbarum in our journal

Published in last 1 year |  In last 2 years |  In last 3 years |  All Please wait a minute... For Selected: Download Citations EndNote Reference Manager ProCite BibTeX RefWorks Toggle Thumbnails Select Effects of Lycium barbarum Fruit Characteristics and Pretreatment on the Fruit Drying Juanhong Zhao,Juanjuan Mi,Zhigang Li,Han Bao,Ting Huang,Ken Qin,Juan Yang,Guoqi Zheng Scientia Silvae Sinicae    2024, 60 (3): 35-44.   DOI: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20230184 Abstract （38）   HTML （1）    PDF （2006KB）（54）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: Drying is an important step of the processing of Chinese medicine wolfberry. The effects of different varieties (lines) of Lycium barbarum fruit traits and pretreatment on drying were studied to provide a valuable theoretical basis for the drying process of L. barbarum. Method: In this study, different varieties (lines) of L. barbarum with obvious differences in dryness were used as experimental materials. The paraffin sectioning and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to investigate the fruit processing characteristics, peel and cuticle structure, and peel waxy micromorphology, as well as effects of different pretreatment times on the drying of L. barbarum fruits, by which the influence of the L. barbarum fruit traits on the drying of the fruits was clarified. Result: 1) There were significant differences in the longitudinal diameter, fresh weight of 100 grains, and single fruit volume among different varieties (lines). L. barbarum ‘16-23-7-8’ had the largest transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter, fresh weight of 100 grains, and single fruit volume, while those parameters of L. barbarum ‘Ningqi No.1’ were the lowest. 2) With the development of the fruit, the thickness of the pericarp and cuticle increased gradually and there were significant differences in those traits among different varieties (lines). The pericarp thickness of L. barbarum ‘Ningqi No.5’ was the largest with 768.273 μm, and that of L. barbarum ‘Ningqi No.1’ was the lowest with 445.100 μm. L. barbarum ‘14-402’ had the thickest cuticle with 9.420 μm, and the L. barbarum ‘16-23-7-8’ cuticle was the lowest, being 7.528 μm. 3) The epidermis of L. barbarum fruit at mature stage was covered by fascicular waxy layer, and the waxy crystals were irregular flakes, and the flake waxy layer was thicker and arranged closely. 4) There were differences in the drying time of different varieties (lines) of L. barbarum fruits, and the order from easy to difficult was ‘Ningqi No.1’, ‘Z44’, ‘16-23-7-8’, ‘14-402’, and ‘Ningqi No 5’. Compared with the control, the average drying time was shortened by 4.10 h after alkali treatment, and the average drying time was shortened by 16.94 h after chloroform treatment. Conclusion: The structure of L. barbarum peel affects the drying process of the wolfberry fruits by affecting the water transport pathway. Pretreatment can destroy the waxy layer of wolfberry epidermis and shorten the drying time. In this study, ‘Ningqi No.5’ is hard to dry, while ‘Ningqi No.1’ is the easiest to dry. Therefore, when drying wolfberry, the pretreatment method applied must take into account the differences in tissue and morphological anatomical characteristics among varieties. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Relationship between Wax Accumulation in Lycium barbarum Peel and Meteorological Factors Juanjuan Mi,Juanhong Zhao,Zhigang Li,Han Bao,Ting Huang,Ken Qin,Juan Yang,Guoqi Zheng Scientia Silvae Sinicae    2024, 60 (3): 22-34.   DOI: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20230185 Abstract （60）   HTML （8）    PDF （1274KB）（90）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: This study aims to investigate the differences in wax content and composition in pericarp at various picking periods, and explore the relationship between meteorological factors and wax accumulation in pericarp of Lycium barbarum during different picking periods, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of suitable drying methods for different picking periods. Method: The fruits of L. barbarum ‘Ningqi No. 1’ and L. barbarum ‘Ningqi No. 5’ in three picking periods (old eye branch period, seven-inch branch period and autumn fruit period) were used as materials. GC-MS technology was used to measure and analyze the wax content and components. The meteorological factors in different picking periods were monitored by JL-18 air temperature, humidity and light recorder. The relationship between wax content and components in pericarp and meteorological factors was analyzed by regression analysis. Result: 1)There were significant differences in fruit wax content between the two L. barbarum varieties during the three picking periods of green fruit stage, color change stage and red fruit stage. The wax content of the fruit at the red fruit stage was significantly different from that at the green fruit stage and color change stage. However, the difference in wax content between green stage fruit stage and color change stage was not significant. 2) The wax composition analysis showed that the wax of ‘Ningqi No.1’ peel was mainly composed of hexacosane, octacosane, 1-iodoctacosane, 1-iodotriacontane, docosanol and β-amyrin, while the wax of ‘Ningqi No. 5’ peel was mainly composed of hexacosane, heptacosane, 1-iodoctacosane, 1-iodotriacontane, docosanol and 2-hexyl-1-decanol. 3) During the old eye branch period, the peel wax content of the two cultivars was significantly negatively correlated with light intensity, with correlation coefficients of ?0.759 (P<0.05) and ?0.838 (P<0.01). For ‘Ningqi No.1’, esters were significantly negatively correlated with daily average temperature, with a correlation coefficient of ?0.712. For ‘Ningqi No.5’, acids and esters were significantly positively correlated with daily average humidity, with correlation coefficients of 0.728 (P<0.05) and 0.739 (P<0.05), ketones were significantly positively correlated with night average temperature, and significantly negatively correlated with light intensity, with correlation coefficients of 0.717 (P<0.01) and -0.649 (P<0.05), alkanes were significantly negatively correlated with daily average humidity and night average temperature, with correlation coefficients of ?0.772 (P<0.01) and 0.637 (P<0.05), iodinated alkanes were significantly positively correlated with night average humidity, with the correlation coefficient of 0.820 (P<0.01). During the seven-inch branch period, for ‘Ningqi No.1’, the alkanes were significantly positively correlated with the average night temperature, with the correlation coefficient of 0.779 (P<0.05), the iodinated alkanes were significantly negatively correlated with the average daily temperature, with the correlation coefficient of -0.724 (P<0.05), the acids were significantly negatively correlated with the average daily humidity, with the correlation coefficient of -0.680. For ‘Ningqi No.5’, the wax content was significantly positively correlated with night average humidity and light intensity, with the correlation coefficients of 0.795 (P<0.01) and 0.748 (P<0.01), the ketones and iodoalkanes were significantly negatively correlated with daily average temperature, with the correlation coefficients of -0.887 (P<0.01) and -0.749. During the autumn fruit period, for ‘Ningqi No.1’, the alkanes and iodoalkanes were significantly positively correlated with night average temperature, with correlation coefficients of 0.887 (P<0.01) and 0.767 (P<0.05). Conclusion: The meteorological factors during different picking periods have differents effects on wax content and components. Temperature is mainly related to the accumulation of iodoalkanes, ketones and alkanes. Humidity is related to the accumulation of esters, acids and alkanes. Light intensity is related to the accumulation of esters and alcohols. The results provide a theoretical basis for the suitable dewaxing agent pretreatment in the drying of L. barbarum fruits at different picking periods. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Analysis of Enzyme and Gene Expression Related to Sugar Metabolism in Lycium barbarum under Elevated CO2 Concentration Treatment Xuerui Feng,Yaping Ma,Jiaxin Liu,Hui Lu,Yunmao Li,Bing Cao Scientia Silvae Sinicae    2024, 60 (3): 10-21.   DOI: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20230129 Abstract （64）   HTML （7）    PDF （1959KB）（143）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: This study aims to explore the effect of elevated CO2 concentration on carbohydrate accumulation during the development of Lycium barbarum fruits,so as to provide a reference for adaptive management of L. barbarum to cope with climate change. Method: L. barbarum ‘Ningqi 1’ was used as the experimental material. An open-top chamber simulation control system was applied to elevate the CO2 concentration (800±20 μmol·mol?1), with the ambient CO2 concentration (400±20 μmol·mol?1) served as the control. After 60 days of treatment, the root, stem, leaf, and fruit samples were collected respectively at the young fruit stage, green fruit stage, coloring fruit stage, and red fruit stage, and the content of their sugar components, sugar metabolism-related enzyme activity, and relevant gene expression were determined. Result: 1) The elevated CO2 concentration promoted the accumulation of lactose, sucrose, and total sugars during the fruit development, and at the red fruit stage, the content of lactose, fructose, sucrose, and total sugars significantly increased by 35.71%, 23.18%, 19.57%, and 12.23%, respectively, compared to the control group (P<0.05). 2) Furthermore, elevated CO2 concentrations significantly (P<0.05) increased the activity of malic acid synthase (LbMS), neutral conversion enzyme (LbAI), sucrose phosphate synthase (LbSPS), and sucrose synthase (LbSS) in the root, stem, leaf, and fruit tissues of ‘Ningqi 1’ during its development. The activity of α-galactosidase (LbGALA) increased from leaf to fruit. Under the elevated CO2 concentration treatment, the activity of the α-galactosidase in the fruits at four different stages was significantly increased by 19.54%, 36.68%, 21.00%, and 24.93%, respectively, compared to the control group (P<0.05). The activity of sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase in leaves was significantly higher than that in the other tissues (P<0.05). The gene expressions of LbGALA and LbNI were significantly up-regulated at the mature fruit stage (P<0.05). 3) The elevated CO2 concentrations significantly up-regulated the gene expressions of LbGAE, LbNI, and LbSPS in stems, LbGALA in fruits, and LbMS and LbAI in roots. The expression levels of LbSPS and LbSS were significantly up-regulated in leaves (P<0.05). Conclusion: The elevated CO2 concentration promotes the expression of sugar metabolism-related genes in different tissues of L. barbarum, and it also increases enzyme activity, and thereby promoting the accumulation of lactose, sucrose, and total sugars in the fruit. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of Simulated Elevated CO2 Concentration and Atmospheric Temperature on Quality Formation of Lycium barbarum Fruits Yaping Ma,Xuerui Feng,Handong Gao,Lihua Song,Bing Cao Scientia Silvae Sinicae    2024, 60 (3): 1-9.   DOI: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20230101 Abstract （105）   HTML （25）    PDF （1651KB）（213）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: This study aims to investigate the impact of elevated CO2 concentration and temperature on the morphological characteristics and nutrient component accumulation of three Lycium barbarum cultivars, so as to provide a theoretical basis for non-wood forests to cope with climate change and breed excellent adaptive cultivars. Methods: Three L. barbarum cultivars (‘Ningqi 1’, ‘Ningqi 7’, ‘Ningqi 10’) were subjected to the elevated CO2 concentration (eCO2) and atmospheric temperature (eT) in an Open-Top Chamber (OTCs) simulation control system. Fruits were collected at the young fruit stage (YF, treated for 60 days), green fruit stage (GF, treated for 70 days), coloring fruit stage (CF, treated for 80 days), and red fruit stage (RF, treated for 90 days) for measuring morphological characteristics and nutrient composition. Result: 1) Morphological analysis indicated that elevated CO2 concentration significantly increased the longitudinal and transverse diameters of fruits at the CF and transverse diameter of fruits and single fruit weight at the RF of ‘Ningqi 1’. The elevated CO2 concentration significantly increased the longitudinal diameter at the GF and the transverse diameter of fruits at the CF of ‘Ningqi 7’. The elevated CO2 concentration significantly increased the transverse diameter of fruits at the YF and the single fruit weight at the CF of ‘Ningqi 10’. Elevated atmospheric temperature significantly increased the longitudinal diameter of fruits at the CF and RF, as well as the single fruit weight at the RF of ‘Ningqi 1’. Elevated atmospheric temperature significantly increased the longitudinal diameter of fruits at the GF and CF, as well as the transverse diameter of fruits and single fruit weight at the CF and RF of ‘Ningqi 7’. Elevated atmospheric temperature significantly increased the single fruit weight of ‘Ningqi 10’ (P<0.05). 2) Nutrient component analysis revealed that elevated CO2 concentration increased the levels of galactose, sucrose, betaine, and flavonoids in the fruits of ‘Ningqi 1’ at four developmental stages, increased the levels of fructose, total sugar, sucrose, polysaccharides, carotenoids, and betaine at the RF of ‘Ningqi 7’, and increased the levels of galactose, fructose, glucose, and polysaccharides at the RF of ‘Ningqi 10’ (P<0.05). Elevated temperature treatment significantly increased the levels of galactose, fructose, total sugar, polysaccharides, betaine, and flavonoids at the RF of ‘Ningqi 1’, increased the levels of galactose, glucose, sucrose, and fructose at four developmental stages, as well as the levels of fructose, total sugar, polysaccharides, carotenoids, and betaine at the RF of ‘Ningqi 7’, and increased the levels of sucrose, carotenoids, and flavonoids at four developmental stages, as well as the levels of galactose, total sugar, and betaine at the RF of ‘Ningqi 10’ (P<0.05). Conclusion: Elevated CO2 concentration and atmospheric temperature promote the morphological development and nutrient accumulation of L. barbarum. Among the three cultivars, ‘Ningqi 10’ exhibits stronger adaptability, with the largest increase in fruit size, single fruit weight, and 100-seeds weight during the development stage. Additionally, significantly increased levels of galactose, fructose, total sugar, polysaccharides, carotenoids, and betaine in the fruits. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics